Incazelo Yebhizinisi
Ibhizinisi liyibhizinisi lezomnotho elakhelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezentengiselwano ngomzamo wokufuna inzuzo. Ezomnotho zanamuhla, amabhizinisi adlala indima ebalulekile njengamandla ashukumisa umnotho, ahlinzeka ngemisebenzi, akhiqiza imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo, futhi anikela emalini engenayo kahulumeni ngentela. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuchaza kabanzi incazelo yebhizinisi, izinhlobo zalo, kanye nomsebenzi walo esimweni sezomnotho.
Incazelo kanye nezici zebhizinisi
Ngokuvamile, ibhizinisi lingachazwa njengenhlangano eyakhiwe ngumuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze aqhube ibhizinisi emkhakheni othile. Ibhizinisi lingaba lincane, njengobunikazi bomuntu oyedwa, noma elikhulu, njengezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe. Izici eziyinhloko zebhizinisi zifaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezimpahla nezinsizakalo, isakhiwo sokuphatha esicacile, kanye nomgomo oyinhloko wenzuzo.
Ngokungafani nezikhungo ezingenzi nzuzo, ezigxila kakhulu ekufezeni umsebenzi womphakathi, amabhizinisi abela izinsiza zawo ukuze andise inzuzo kubanikazi bawo noma kubanikazi bamasheya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zonke izinqubomgomo namasu asetshenziswa abaphathi aqondiswe ekwandiseni inani kubanikazi bawo.
Izinhlobo Zezinkampani Zebhizinisi
Ngokusekelwe efomini labo elisemthethweni, izinhlangano zebhizinisi zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ubunikazi Bodwa: Lolu uhlobo lwebhizinisi eliphethwe futhi eliqhutshwa ngumuntu oyedwa. Lolu hlobo luvame ukubhekwa njengohlobo olulula noluvame kakhulu lwebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamabhizinisi amancane. Umnikazi ulawula ngokugcwele futhi unesibopho mathupha kuzo zonke izici zebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa nezingozi zezimali.
2. Inkampani: Eyaziwa nangokuthi ubambiswano, inkampani iyibhizinisi elakhiwe ngabantu ababili noma ngaphezulu abavumelanayo ukuqhuba ibhizinisi ndawonye ngenhloso yokwenza inzuzo. Ilungu ngalinye lenkampani ngokuvamile linesibopho esingenamkhawulo sezikweletu zenkampani.
3. Inkampani Enesibopho Esilinganiselwe (i-PT): Lena ibhizinisi elinenhloko-dolobha yalo equkethe amasheya aphethwe abatshalizimali noma abanikazi bamasheya. Inzuzo ye-PT ukuvikelwa kwesibopho esilinganiselwe kubanikazi bamasheya, okusho ukuthi banesibopho kuphela senani lenhloko-dolobha abayitshalayo.
4. Ama-Cooperatives: Lawa amabhizinisi ngesimo sezinhlangano zezomnotho eziphathwa futhi ezisetshenziswa ngenxa yenhlalakahle yamalungu azo. Ama-Cooperatives asebenza ngesimiso sobulungu bokuzithandela nobuvulekile kanye nokuphathwa kwentando yeningi.
5. Amabhizinisi Aphethwe Nguhulumeni (ama-SOE): Lawa amabhizinisi aphethwe nguhulumeni ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi nokukhiqiza inzuzo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinkampani zamandla, izinkampani zezokuthutha zomphakathi, kanye nezinye izinsizakalo ezibalulekile.
Imisebenzi Nezindima Zezinhlangano Zebhizinisi Emnothweni
Izinhlangano zebhizinisi zenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ebalulekile efaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni komnotho. Eminye yale misebenzi nezindima yile:
– Ukukhiqizwa Kwezimpahla Nezinsizakalo: Amabhizinisi anesibopho sokukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezidingwa umphakathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi imisebenzi esukela ekucubunguleni izinto zokusetshenziswa kuya ekusatshalalisweni komkhiqizo wokugcina kubathengi.
– Ukuhlinzekwa Komsebenzi: Njengenhlangano edinga abasebenzi ukuze isebenze, izinhlangano zebhizinisi zidala amathuba emisebenzi emphakathini futhi zisize ekunciphiseni amazinga okungasebenzi.
– Izinkokhelo Zentela: Amabhizinisi asebenza njengabakhokhi bentela, efaka isandla emalini engenayo kahulumeni. Uhulumeni ube esesebenzisa imali etholakala kulezi zintela ukuxhasa izinhlelo zentuthuko kanye nezenhlalakahle yomphakathi.
– Ukuvuselelwa Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha: Emzamweni wokuncintisana emakethe, izinhlangano zebhizinisi ziqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo kanye nezinqubo ezintsha ezithinta ukusebenza kahle futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu.
– Umnikelo ku-GDP: Imisebenzi yezomnotho eyenziwa yizinhlangano ezahlukene zebhizinisi iyisici esibalulekile ekubaleni i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP), okuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sempilo yezomnotho yezwe.
Izinselele kanye Namathuba Ezinkampani Zebhizinisi
Ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yabo yokusebenza, amabhizinisi abhekana nezinselele ezahlukene kanye namathuba ahlukahlukene ahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwebhizinisi, indawo, kanye nomkhakha wemboni. Ezinye zalezi zinselele zifaka:
– Ukuncintisana Kwemakethe: Ukuncintisana phakathi kwezinhlangano zebhizinisi kukhuthaza inhlangano ngayinye ukuthi ihlale ithuthuka futhi ithuthukise isu layo lokumaketha ukuze ihlale ifanele futhi incintisana.
– Ushintsho Lobuchwepheshe: Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha kuvame ukuba yinselele enkulu, ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi angenazo ingqalasizinda eyanele. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe buphinde bunikeze amathuba abalulekile okusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokusebenza kahle.
– Imithetho Kahulumeni: Izinqubomgomo nemithetho kahulumeni kungaba yizithiyo kanye nezikhuthazo emisebenzini yebhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kudingeka azivumelanise nezimo kakhulu nezinguquko zomthetho.
– Inkinga Yomnotho Womhlaba Wonke: Ukuguquguquka komnotho womhlaba wonke kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezwe kungathinta ukuzinza kwebhizinisi kanye nokusimama, njengoba izinhlangano eziningi zebhizinisi manje sezihlanganiswe nezintambo zokuphakelwa komhlaba wonke.
Okwamanje, amathuba angasetshenziswa yizinhlangano zebhizinisi afaka:
– Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke: Ithuba lokungena ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke nokwandisa amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa.
– Isidingo Sabathengi: Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kwabathengi kanye nezintandokazi zabo zivula amathuba amabhizinisi okunikeza imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo ezintsha.
– Ukuzinza: Umkhuba webhizinisi elizinzile unikeza izinkampani ithuba lokutshala imali ezixazululweni ezintsha ezisekela ukuzinza kwemvelo.
Isiphetho
Amabhizinisi ayinsika ebalulekile yesakhiwo sezomnotho sanamuhla, anezinhlobo ezahlukene nemisebenzi ebalulekile esekela intuthuko yezomnotho. Amandla amabhizinisi okukhula, ukuzivumelanisa nezinselele, kanye nokusebenzisa amathuba kubalulekile ekunqumeni umnikelo wawo enhlalakahleni yezomnotho iyonke. Kubalulekile ukuthi amabhizinisi kanye nababambiqhaza baqhubeke nokusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokubambisana ukuze bafake isandla ekukhuleni komnotho okusimeme nokubandakanya wonke umuntu.
