Uzivi hweMutemo Wechisikigo: Kuongorora Kwakatangira uye Zvazvinoreva
Pendauluan
Uzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo, hunowanzonzi jusnaturalism, ibazi reuzivi hwemutemo hunotenda kuti mutemo wakagadzirwa zvichibva panheyo dzetsika dzepasi rose dzisingachinji. Nheyo idzi dzinotendwa kuti dzinobva muzvisikwa kana kuti chinhu chinopfuura mwero, kwete kungobva musarudzo dzevanhu kana simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Uzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo hwakatanga kare mutemo wakanaka usati wagadzirwa, uyo wakasimbisa kuti mutemo chibereko chezvibvumirano zvemagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora mavambo, pfungwa huru , uye zvinorehwa neuzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano.
Nhoroondo uye Kwakatangira
Pfungwa yemutemo wechisikigo yagara iripo kubvira kare, midzi yayo ichidzokera kuvazivi vechiGiriki vakaita saSocrates, Plato, naAristotle. Vaitenda mumitemo yepasi rose yaigona kushandiswa kwese kwese uye panguva dzese, pasinei netsika dzemagariro evanhu kana dzezvematongerwo enyika. Mienzaniso yakakurumbira yedzidziso iyi iRepublic yaPlato nePolitics yaAristotle, umo vanoongorora pfungwa dzisingaperi dzeruramisiro netsika.
MuMiddle Ages, pfungwa yemutemo wechisikigo yakawana hwaro hwakasimba hwedzidziso kuburikidza nebasa raThomas Aquinas . Aquinas akabatanidza dzidziso dzaAristotle nedzidziso dzechiKristu, achiti mutemo wechisikigo chikamu chehurongwa hwaMwari uye unogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekufunga kwevanhu. Mu "Summa Theologica" yake, Aquinas akataura kuti mutemo wechisikigo mutemo waMwari wakanyorwa mumoyo wemunhu, uchigonesa vanhu kusiyanisa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa.
Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeUzivi hweMutemo Wechisikigo
Uzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo hwakavakirwa pamisimboti yakati wandei ichiri kushanda nanhasi:
1. Kusasarura Tsika: Nheyo dzetsika dziri pasi pemutemo wechisikigo hadzina divi radzinofungira uye dzinoshanda kune wese munhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hadzibvi pane zvinodiwa nemunhu chero upi zvake kana nzanga, asi dzinoshanda kune wese munhu.
2. Kufunga uye Kunzwisisa: Imwe yenzira huru dzekunzwisisa mutemo wechisikigo ndeyekushandisa kufunga kwevanhu. Vanhu, sevanhu vane pfungwa dzakapinza, vane kugona kusiyanisa pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, zvakarurama nezvisina kururama.
3. Kururamisira Kusingaperi: Kururamisira mumutemo wechisikigo hachichinji pasinei nekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda kana mune zvematongerwo enyika. Nokudaro, mutemo wechisikigo unogona kushandiswa sechiyero chekutonga mutemo wakanaka—ndiko kuti, mutemo wakagadzirwa nevanhu.
4. Kodzero Dzevanhu: Mutemo wechisikigo unowanzobatanidzwa nekodzero huru dzisingabviswi, dzakadai sekodzero yekurarama, rusununguko, uye kutsvaga mufaro. Idzi ikodzero dzinofanirwa kuzivikanwa neruzhinji rwevanhu.
Nharo Nematambudziko
Zvisinei, mutemo wechisikigo hauna vanoutsoropodza uye nharo. Chimwe chezvinonyanya kutsoropodzwa ndechekusajeka uye kusajeka pamusoro pekuti chii chaizvo chinonzi "mutemo wechisikigo." Panyaya iyi, pane zvinhu zvakakosha zvakawanda zvinowanzo kurukurwa.
1. Kusanzwisisana Kwetsika: Vatsoropodzi vanoti pfungwa dzetsika dzinofungidzirwa kuti dzakapararira dzinowanzova dzisina kujeka uye dzinogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvinoonekwa sezvakanaka nezvakaipa zvinogona kusiyana kubva patsika netsika.
2. Matambudziko Ekushandiswa: Mashandisirwo anoitwa nheyo dzemutemo wechisikigo mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo anowanzo kuve nyaya inokakavadzana. Semuenzaniso, nharo pamusoro pekodzero dzakakosha dzinowanzoratidza kuti nheyo idzi dzinogona kupesana pakushanda.
3. Kuwirirana Kwetsika: Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanoti mutemo wechisikigo unowanzo furatira kusiyana kwetsika nenhoroondo yemagariro evanhu. Vanoti mutemo netsika zvinokanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro etsika nenhoroondo, zvichiita kuti zvisakwanise kuva nemitemo yepasi rose.
Zvazvinoreva Mumamiriro Emazuva Ano
Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa uku, pfungwa dzemutemo wechisikigo dzichiri kuramba dzichishandisa simba guru muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya mumutemo wekodzero dzevanhu uye tsika dzepasi rose. Pfungwa yekodzero dzevanhu iri pasi peChiziviso cheNyika Chose cheKodzero Dzevanhu che1948 cheUnited Nations inopesvedzerwa zvakanyanya nenheyo dzemutemo wechisikigo. Kodzero dzehupenyu, rusununguko, uye kuchengetedzwa kwemunhu dzakavimbiswa muchiziviso ichi mienzaniso chaiyo yenheyo dzemutemo wechisikigo dzinozivikanwa pasi rose.
Uyezve, nharo pamusoro petsika nemitemo yakarurama munharaunda yemazuva ano dzinowanzo shandiswa kubva mupfungwa dzemutemo wechisikigo. Semuenzaniso, nharo pamusoro pemutongo werufu, kubvisa pamuviri, uye kuroorana kwevanhurume nevanhukadzi nevanhukadzi dzinosanganisira hurukuro dzemitemo yetsika inoonekwa seisingachinji uye isingachinji.
Mhedziso
Uzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo hunopa hurongwa hwakapfuma uye hwakadzama hwekunzwisisa mavambo, mashandisirwo, uye chinangwa chemutemo. Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa kwakawanda uye nharo, misimboti mikuru yemutemo wechisikigo inoramba yakakosha, kunyanya mukukurukurirana kwekodzero dzevanhu neruramisiro isingaperi. Sevanhu vane pfungwa dzakanaka, vanhu vane kugona kuongorora nekubatanidza misimboti yetsika neyemutemo inogona kuunza ruramisiro nechokwadi munharaunda.
Kuburikidza nekuzivikanwa kwemutemo wechisikigo, tinoyeuchidzwa kuti kune nheyo dzetsika dziri pasi pemutemo dzinopfuura miganhu yenhoroondo netsika. Izvi zvinotidana tese kuti tirambe tichitevera kururamisira kuburikidza neushingi hwetsika nekunzwisisa, uku tichiremekedza kusiyana-siyana uye kuwanda kuripo munharaunda. Saka, uzivi hwemutemo wechisikigo hausi kungori pfungwa yedzidziso chete asiwo gwara rinoshanda rekugadzira nyika ine ruramisiro uye ine hunhu.
