Hukama huripo pakati peUzivi neTheology
Uzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero inyaya mbiri dzinowanzoonekwa sedzinoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana, asi dzine kufanana kwakawanda uye hukama. Kuti unzwisise hukama uhwu hwepedyo, zvakakosha kutanga watsanangura izwi rega rega wobva waongorora nzira dzavakadyidzana uye dzakapesvedzerana nadzo munhoroondo yese.
Tsanangudzo uye Chimiro cheUzivi neTheology
Uzivi, hunobva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti "filosofi," zvichireva kuti "rudo rweuchenjeri." Uzivi idzidzo inotsvaga kupindura mibvunzo inokosha pamusoro pekuvapo, ruzivo, tsika, kufunga, kufunga, uye mutauro. Uzivi hunowanzo shandisa nzira dzekuongorora nekuongorora kuti uongorore pfungwa idzi, dzine mapazi akasiyana-siyana akadai semetaphysics, epistemology, tsika, pfungwa, uye runako.
Kune rumwe rutivi, dzidziso yechitendero inobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti "theologia," zvichireva kuti "kudzidza nezvaMwari" kana kuti "hurukuro yaMwari." Dzidziso yechitendero idzidzo yakarongeka yehunhu hwaMwari, hunhu hwake, hukama hwake nenyika yese nevanhu, uye dzidziso dzechitendero dzinochengetwa netsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzechitendero. Dzidziso yechitendero inoshandisa magwaro matsvene, tsika, uye ruzivo rwechitendero kugadzira nekunzwisisa dzidziso dzechitendero.
Kudyidzana Kwenhoroondo Pakati Peuzivi Nedzidziso Dzechitendero
Munhoroondo yese, kunyanya munguva dzeMiddle Ages neRenaissance, huzivi nedzidziso dzechitendero zvakawanzopindirana uye zvichichinjana zvikuru. Mumwe wemienzaniso mikuru yehukama uhwu unogona kuwanikwa mumabasa evazivi-nyanzvi dzezvechitendero vakaita saSaint Augustine naSaint Thomas Aquinas.
Semuenzaniso, Saint Augustine (354–430 AD), akashandisa pfungwa dzakawanda kubva muuzivi hwaPlato kuti atsanangure dzidziso dzechiKristu. Aitenda kuti chokwadi cheuzivi chaigona kuva maturusi anobatsira pakunzwisisa nekutsanangura chokwadi chezvechitendero. Kuna Augustine, uzivi pachahwo hwaive tsika yaigona kutungamira munhu kuna Mwari mukuru, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwehunhu hwaMwari uye hukama hwevanhu naMwari.
Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274 CE) akaenderera mberi, achiedza kuyananisa uzivi hwaAristotelian nedzidziso dzechiKristu mubasa rake rine simba guru, “Summa Theologica.” Aquinas akataura kuti kunyange zvazvo kuzarurirwa kwaMwari kuri iko kunobva ruzivo pamusoro paMwari, kufunga kwevanhu kunopiwawo mukana wekusvika pachokwadi chakati nezvaMwari kuburikidza nezvisikwa uye pfungwa. Maitiro aya, anozivikanwa se “scholasticism,” akaisa pfungwa nekutenda munzvimbo inopindirana, achiti dzidziso mbiri idzi, kunyange dzichisiyana mumaitiro, hazviwirirane zvachose nekuti dzese dzinobva kuna Mwari.
Kusawirirana uye Kukurukurirana
Zvisinei, hukama huripo pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero hahuna kugara huchienderana. Munguva yeKuvhenekerwa, vazivi vazhinji vakatanga kusava nechokwadi nedzidziso dzechitendero uye kutora nzira yakakomba yekudzidza dzidziso yezvechitendero. Vazivi vakaita saDavid Hume naImmanuel Kant vakapikisa zvimwe zvezvaifungidzirwa zvedzidziso yezvechitendero yechinyakare uye vakatanga kusava nechokwadi nezvimwe zvaitaurwa zvichibva pakuzarurwa kwaMwari.
Hume, nepfungwa dzake dzakasimba dzekufungidzira, akapokana nekugona kweruzivo rwechokwadi chemetaphysical nekuvakira ruzivo rwese paruzivo rwepfungwa. Kant, nekuongorora kwake kwepasi rose, akasiyanisa pakati pe "zviitiko" (nyika sezvatinoona) uye "noumena" (nyika sezvaingave iripo pachayo), achiti kufunga kwevanhu kune miganhu mukunzwisisa chokwadi chose, kusanganisira pfungwa dzaMwari.
Kubatanidzwa Kwemazuva Ano uye Kukurukurirana
Pasinei nekusawirirana kwenhoroondo, kuedza kwakawanda kuri kuitwa mazuva ano kunoedza kubatanidza uzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero. Hurukuro iyi yekudyidzana kwemasangano akasiyana-siyana yakakosha, kunyanya mumamiriro ehurukuro dzemazuva ano dzakadai sedzidziso dzezvetsika, ecology, zvekunamata, uye dzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzechitendero.
Semuenzaniso, bioethics, munda uri kubuda uri pakati peuzivi, dzidziso yezvechitendero, nemishonga, unotsvaga kugadzirisa nyaya dzetsika dzinobva mumatekinoroji matsva ekurapa uye kupindira kwesainzi. Hunhu hwetsika hwakaumbwa nemaonero edzidziso yezvechitendero hunova chinhu chakakosha mukukurukurirana kwetsika panyaya dzakadai sekuuraya munhu, kubvisa pamuviri, uye kuumba muviri wemunhu, zvese izvi zvinoda ongororo yakadzama uye kufungisisa kwakadzama kwedzidziso yezvechitendero.
Munyaya yezve ecology, nyanzvi dzezvechitendero dzakadai saLeonardo Boff nevazivi vakaita saArne Naess vakataura nezvekudiwa kwenzira yakazara yekugadzirisa dambudziko rezvezvakatipoteredza pasi rose. Boff anobatanidza pfungwa dzezvechitendero nezvinonetsa nezvezvakatipoteredza, achipa dzidziso yerusununguko rwezvezvakatipoteredza yakadzika midzi muchitendero chekusika, nepo Naess, nepfungwa dzezvezvakatipoteredza, achigadzira "Deep Ecology" inoda shanduko huru mumaonero evanhu nekudyidzana kwavo nezvisikwa.
Mukukurukurirana pakati pezvitendero, dzidziso dzekuenzanisa, uye uzivi hwechitendero, nyanzvi dzinoshanda pamwe chete kuti dzinzwisise uye dziremekedze kusiyana kwezvitendero uku dzichitsvaga nzira dzinoenderana dzinogona kutungamira mukubatana kwevanhu nerugare pakati pemapoka ezvitendero. Pfungwa dzakadai se "theological pluralism" uye "inclusivism" dzinoshanda sezvishandiso zvakakosha mukubatanidza hurukuro pakati petsika dzakasiyana dzezvitendero.
Penutup
Pakupedzisira, hukama huripo pakati peuzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero hunoshanduka-shanduka uye hune mativi akawanda. Zvese zvinoshanda senzira dzevanhu dzekuongorora nekunzwisisa kuvapo kwavo nenzvimbo yavo muchadenga. Nekukurudzira kudyidzana kwakakosha pakati pezviviri izvi, uzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero zvinogona kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu mibvunzo yakadzama ine chekuita nezvatinoreva, chinangwa, netariro.
Kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kuri kuenderera mberi, uzivi nedzidziso yezvechitendero zvinogona kushanda pamwe chete kugadzirisa matambudziko emazuva ano uye kutsvaga mhinduro dzemibvunzo ichiri kukosha munguva yanhasi. Kunyangwe zvine nzira dzakasiyana uye zvinotariswa, kana zvikashandiswa pamwe chete, zvinogona kupa maonero akazara uye ane pfungwa pamusoro penyika nehupenyu hwevanhu mairi.
