Zvinyorwa zvefizikisi nezvezviitiko zvechisikigo nezvimwewo zvine chekuita nefizikisi.
1. Transformer ine ma coil ekutanga neechipiri ane ma turns mazana mashanu nemazana mashanu zvichiteerana, akabatana ne network ye 220 V alternating current. Chii chinonzi output voltage?
A. 220 volts
B. 1.100 volts
C. 2.200 volts
D. 22.000 volts
Kukurukurirana
Van der Waals izita renyanzvi yefizikisi yekuDutch, J.D. van der Waals (1837–1923). Equation yemamiriro ekunze yevan der Waals iequation yemamiriro ekunze yegasi, yakafanana neequation yemamiriro ekunze yegasi . Musiyano ndewekuti equation yemagetsi ekunze haigone kupa mhinduro dzakarurama kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi rechokwadi hwakakura zvakakwana. Equation yemamiriro ekunze yevan der Waals inogona kupa mhinduro dzakarurama.
Equation iyi yakatanga naVan der Waals, uyo akaona miganhu ye equation yegesi yakanaka yemamiriro ezvinhu. Waals akachinja equation yegesi yakanaka yemamiriro ezvinhu nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinopesvedzera mamiriro egesi chaiyo kana kumanikidzwa uye density yegesi chaiyo yakakwira zvakakwana.
Kuchinja kwezvinhu muState Critical Temperature Points Triple Points
Mukukurukurirana kwemutemo wegasi rakakodzera, zvakatsanangurwa kuti mutemo wegasi rakakodzera unotsanangura nemazvo maitiro egasi chairo chete kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi chairo zvisina kukwira zvakanyanya. Kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi chairo hwakakura zvakakwana, mutemo wegasi rakakodzera unoburitsa mhedzisiro isiriyo. Izvi ndezvechokwadiwo kana tembiricha yegasi chairo yasvika padanho rayo rekufashaira.
Izvi zvine chekuita nekudyidzana kunoitika pakati pemamorekuru egasi chaiwo. Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kwakaenzana zvakanyanya nehukuru hwegasi. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kwakakwira zvakakwana, huwandu hwegasi hunova hudiki. Nekuti huwandu hwegasi hudiki, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru egasi rinova pedyo. Kana daro riri pakati pemamorekuru riri pedyo, mamorekuru anokweverana. Zvakafanana nepaunoswededza chidimbu chesimbi pedyo nemagnet. Kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi rakakwana, magineti haakwanise kukwevera simbi. Asi kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi riri pedyo, simbi inokweverwa pedyo.
Dzidziso yeAtomu uye Zvinhu zveKinetic Dzidziso
Kwezviuru zvemakore, maGiriki ekare aidavira kuti chinhu chega chega chakachena (semuenzaniso, goridhe rakachena, simbi yakachena 😉, nezvimwewo) chaive nemaatomu. Sekureva kwavo, kana chinhu chakachena chaive chakachekwa kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zvidimbu zvidiki izvozvo zvaichekwa zvakare, zvozochekwa zvakare… zvichingodaro, paizova nechidimbu chidiki chaive chisingakwanise kuchekwa zvakare. Chidimbu chidiki chaive chisingakwanise kuchekwa zvakare chainzi atomu . Atomu zvinoreva kuti "haigone kupatsanurwa" (muchiGiriki).
Panguva iyoyo , maatomu aifungidzirwa kuti haagone kupatsanurwa. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akazowana maerekitironi nemaatomu (maprotoni nemanyuturoni), zvichiratidza kuti pfungwa yekuti maatomu haagone kupatsanurwa . Maatomu anoumbwa nemaerekitironi (ane chaji isina kunaka) uye nucleus. Maerekitironi anotenderera nucleus. Mukati menucleus mune mapurotoni (ane chaji yakanaka) nemanyuturoni (asina kusimba, zvichireva kuti haana chaji).
Marudzi echinhu (zvichibva pahunhu hudiki)
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinowanzo sangana nemhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzezvinhu. Kune zvinhu zvakasimba (semuenzaniso, matombo, simbi, nezvimwewo ) , zvinwiwa (mvura, peturu, nezvimwewo ) , uye magasi (mhepo, nezvimwewo ) . Mhando nhatu idzi dzezvinhu dzinogona kusiyaniswa zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwadzo kuchengetedza chimiro chadzo nehukuru hwadzo (nehukuru, tinoreva vhoriyamu).
Zvinhu zvakaoma zvinowanzo chengetedza chimiro chakasimba uye huwandu hwacho hwakagadzikana. Zvinwiwa hazvigadziri chimiro chakasimba, asi zvinogadzirisa chimiro chazvo zvichienderana nechirongo chazviri. Semuenzaniso, kana tikaisa mvura mugirazi, chimiro chayo chinoshanduka kuita chegirazi. Kana mvura ikaiswa mubhavhu, chimiro chayo chinoshanduka kuita chebhavhu. Kana ikaiswa mupurasitiki inodonhedza mvura, mvura inodonha... iye ... Huwandu hwemvura hunowanzo gara hwakafanana. Kana girazi remvura rikaiswa mubhavhu , huwandu hwemvura hunoramba hwakafanana negirazi. Chimiro chemvura chinogona kuchinja, asi huwandu hwayo hahumbochinji. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvakaoma nezvinwiwa hunogona kuchinja chete kana simba guru rikashandiswa.
Imwe nzira yekushandisa Bernoulli's equation ndeyekuverenga kumhanya kwemvura inobuda pasi pemudziyo.
Tinoshandisa equation yaBernoulli papoint 1 (pamusoro pemudziyo) uye point 2 (pamusoro pegomba). Sezvo dhayamita yegomba riri pasi pemudziyo iri diki zvikuru pane dhayamita yemudziyo, kumhanya kwemvura pamusoro pemudziyo kunofungidzirwa kuva zero (v 1 = 0). Pamusoro pemudziyo nepamusoro pegomba zvakavhurika kuitira kuti kumanikidzwa kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo (P 1 = P 2 ). Saka, equation yaBernoulli yenyaya iyi ndeiyi:
Zvinhu zveBernoulli zvePrinciple and Equation
Kana tichityaira mudhudhudhu nekukurumidza, mbatya dzatinopfeka dzinoita sedzinoputika kumashure. Kana usingakwanise kutasva mudhudhudhu parizvino, teerera vabereki vako kana shamwari dzinotyaira mudhudhudhu. Kumashure kwembatya dzavo kunowanzoita sedzinoputika kumashure kana mudhudhudhu uchimhanya. Dzimwe nguva kana mhepo ikavhuvhuta nesimba, musuwo wemba unogona kuvharika wega. Kunyangwe mhepo ichivhuvhuta kunze kwemba, musuwo uri mukati memba.
Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa musimboti waBernoulli. Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782) akawana musimboti unogona kushandiswa kutsanangura zvimwe zvezvinhu zviri pamusoro apa.
Zvinhu zveEquation yekuenderera mberi
Edza kuvhura pombi yemvura zvishoma nezvishoma uchitarisa kuyerera kwemvura ichibuda mupombi. Kana pombi yamira kutenderera, vhara pombi zvishoma neruoko rwako. Zvino enzanisa kuti ndeipi mvura yakakura kupfuura mvura. Kana yakavharwa zvishoma kana kuti isina kuvharwa? Kana uine pombi inowanzo shandiswa kudiridza maruva, rega mvura iyerere nepakati payo. Vhara pombi zvishoma neruoko rwako kana munwe. Kana chikamu chikuru chepombi chakavharwa, mvura ichabuda nekukurumidza. Kusiyana neizvi, kana pombi isina kuvharwa, mvura ichayerera zvishoma nekukurumidza. Sei zvakadaro? Kuti unzwisise izvi, ndapota dzidza nezve continuity equation.
Mvura, zvose zvinwiwa nemagasi, zvine mwero wakasiyana wekusimba. Kusimba kwesimba ndiko kusimba kwekukweshana pakati pemamorekuru anoumba mvura. Mamorekuru anoumba mvura inokweshana painoyerera. Mumvura, kusimba kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekubatana (kukwezvana pakati pemamorekuru akafanana). Mumagasi, kusimba kwesimba kunokonzerwa nekusangana kwemamorekuru.
Mvura inoyerera inowanzo yerera zviri nyore, semuenzaniso mvura. Kusiyana neizvi, mvura yakakora yakaoma kuyerera, semuenzaniso mafuta ekubikisa, mafuta, huchi, nezvimwewo. Unogona kuratidza izvi nekudurura mvura nemafuta ekubikisa pasi rakatsetseka. Mvura inoyerera nekukurumidza kupfuura mafuta ekubikisa kana mafuta. Kusimba kwemvura kunoenderanawo nekupisa. Kana tembiricha yemvura yakakwira, mvura yacho inotsvedza zvishoma. Semuenzaniso, kana amai vakagocha hove mukicheni, mafuta ekubikisa akakora pakutanga anova mvura yakawanda kana apiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, tembiricha yegesi yakakwira, ndipo panowedzera kutsvedza kwemhepo.
Wakamboona kenduru here? Ndinovimba uchaishandisa. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chatinogona kuona kana kenduru iri kupfuta. Pasi petambo yekenduru iri kupfuta kazhinji panogara pakanyorova newakisi yakanyunguduka (patambo). Kuvapo kwewakisi yakanyunguduka patambo kunoreva kuti kenduru inogona kupfuta kwenguva yakareba. Chii chinoita kuti wakisi yakanyunguduka ifambe ichikwira ichienda kutambo yekenduru iri kupfuta? Tinogona kuona chiitiko chimwe chete mumatochi.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza muhupenyu hwedu zvakafanana nezviitiko zvinoitika mumakenduru nemwenje yemafuta. Zvinoita sekunge mvura ine makumbo, zvichiita kuti ifambe ichikwira kumusoro. Unogona kutsanangura izvi nesainzi here? Imwe pfungwa yefizikisi inogona kutsanangura zviitiko zvinoitika mumakenduru, marambi emafuta, nezvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda zvine chekuita nazvo ndeye capillarity.