Kushandiswa kwemutemo waBernoulli uye equation
Dzidziso yaTorriceli
Imwe nzira yekushandisa Bernoulli's equation ndeyekuverenga kumhanya kwemvura inobuda pasi pemudziyo.
Tinoshandisa equation yaBernoulli papoint 1 (pamusoro pemudziyo) uye point 2 (pamusoro pegomba). Sezvo dhayamita yegomba riri pasi pemudziyo iri diki zvikuru pane dhayamita yemudziyo, kumhanya kwemvura pamusoro pemudziyo kunofungidzirwa kuva zero (v 1 = 0). Pamusoro pemudziyo nepamusoro pegomba zvakavhurika kuitira kuti kumanikidzwa kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo (P 1 = P 2 ). Saka, equation yaBernoulli yenyaya iyi ndeiyi:
Kana tichida kuverenga kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura mugomba riri pasi pemudziyo, saka equation iyi inoshandurwa kuita:
Zvichienderana ne equation iyi, mwero wekuyerera kwemvura nepaburi riri kure h kubva pamusoro pechirongo wakaenzana nemwero wekuyerera kwemvura inodonha zvakasununguka kure h (enzanisa Free Fall Motion). Izvi zvinozivikanwa seTorricelli 's Theorem . Iyi theorem yakawanikwa naTorricelli, mudzidzi waGallileo, zana remakore Bernoulli asati awana equation yake.
Mhedzisiro yeVenturi
Kuwedzera kune dzidziso yaTorricelli, equation yaBernoulli inogonawo kushandiswa kune dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha, kureva apo mvura inoyerera muzvikamu zvepombi zviri pakukwirira kwakafanana (musiyano mudiki wekukwirira). Kuti unzwisise... bhirojNokuda kweizvi, tarisa mufananidzo. 
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, zvinoita sekunge kureba kwepombi, chikamu chine chikamu chikuru chakachinjika uye chikamu chine chikamu chidiki chakachinjika, zvakafanana, saka zvinoonekwa sekukwirira kwakafanana. Kana zvichishandiswa pachiitiko ichi, equation yaBernoulli inoshanduka kuita:
Kana mvura ichipfuura nepakati pechikamu chepombi ine chikamu chidiki (A2), ipapo kumhanya kwemvura kunowedzera. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yaBernoulli, kana kumhanya kwemvura kukawedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoderedza. Kumanikidzwa kwemvura muchikamu chakamanikana chepombi kudiki asi mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakakura.
Izvi zvinozivikanwa seVenturi effect uye zvinoratidza kuti kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kuchava kwakaderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mwero wekuyerera kwemvura wakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kuchava kwakakwira.
Venturi mita
Chinhu chinonakidza kushandisa venturi effect iVenturi meter. Chishandiso ichi chinoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, sekuverenga mwero wekuyerera kwemvura kana mafuta kuburikidza nepombi. Kune mhando mbiri dzeVenturi meter: dzisina manometer nedzinoshandisa manometer yakazadzwa neimwe mvura, senge mercury. Pfungwa yekushanda yakafanana.
Mita yeVenturi isina manometer
Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza venturi meter inoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura mupombi.
Kana mvura ikapfuura nepachikamu chidiki chepombi ine chikamu chidiki chemuchinjiko (A 2 ), kumhanya kwemvura kunowedzera. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yaBernoulli, kana kumhanya kwemvura kukawedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunova kudiki. Saka kumanikidzwa kwemvura pachikamu chikuru chemuchinjiko kwakakura kupfuura kumanikidzwa kwemvura pachikamu chidiki chemuchinjiko (P 1 > P 2 ). Zvakasiyana, v 2 > v 1
Chiri kutsvagwa ihuwandu hwemvura inoyerera pachikamu chikuru (v 1 ). Tinotsiva v 2 muchiyero 1 ne v 2 muchiyero 2.
Kuti uverenge kumanikidzwa kwemvura pakadzika kwakati, shandisa equation:
p = ρ gh → Equation a
Kana musiyano wehuwandu hwemvura uri mudiki kwazvo, shandisa equation iyi kuona musiyano wekumanikidzwa pahurefu hwakasiyana. Saka, equation a inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
Δ p = ρ g Δh
Panyaya iri pamusoro apa, equation iyi inogona kuchinjwa kuita:
p 1 − p 2 = ρ gh → Equation b
Iye zvino tatsiva p 1 - p 2 mu equation 3, ne p 1 - p 2 mu equation b:
Sezvo mvura dzakafanana, huwandu hwemvura hunofanirawo kunge hwakafanana. Bvisa ρ kubva muequation.
Chubhu yepitot
Kana venturi meter ikashandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemvura, ipapo pitot tube inoshandiswa kuyera mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo nemagasi. Buri riri panzvimbo yekutanga rakafanana nekuyerera kwemhepo. Nzvimbo yemaburi maviri aya iri kure zvikuru ne 
mugumo wechubhu yepitot, kuitira kuti kumhanya nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo iri kunze kwegomba zvifanane nekumhanya nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo inoyerera yakasununguka. Muchiitiko ichi, v1 = mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo yakasununguka (izvi ndizvo zvatichayera) uye kumanikidzwa kuri pagumbo rekuruboshwe remanometer (pombi yekuruboshwe) = kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yakasununguka (P1).
Buri rinotungamira kugumbo rekurudyi remanometer rakanangana nekuyerera kwemhepo. Nokudaro, mwero wekuyerera kwemhepo kuburikidza neburi iri (chikamu chepakati) unoderera uye mhepo inomira kana yasvika padanho rechipiri. Muchiitiko ichi, v 2 = 0. Kumanikidzwa pagumbo rekurudyi remanometer kwakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo padanho rechipiri (P 2 ). Kureba kwemapoinzi 1 ne2 kwakafanana (musiyano hausi mukuru zvakanyanya) saka unogona kuregeredzwa.
Musiyano wekumanikidzwa (P 2 - P 1 ) = kumanikidzwa kwemvura mumanometer (ruvara rutema mumanometer ndiro mvura, mercury). Pamasvomhu, zvinogona kunyorwa seizvi:
p 2 − p 1 = ρ ' gh → Equation 2
ρ' = kuwanda kwemvura mumanometer
Tarisa equation 1 ne equation 2. Rutivi rweruboshwe rwakaenzana na (P 2 - P 1 ). Saka, equation 1 ne2 dzinogona kuchinjwa kuti dzitaridzike seizvi:
Chipfapfaidzo chePerfume
Iyi ipfungwa huru, zvisinei fekitari yega yega ine dhizaini yakasiyana.
Kazhinji, kushanda kwemuchina wekupfapfaidza mafuta anonhuhwirira kunogona kutsanangurwa seizvi (uchitarisa mufananidzo). Kana bhora rerabha radzvanywa, mweya uri mukati mebhora rerabha unobuda nepaipi 1. Saka, mweya uri mupaipi 1 une kumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekuti kumhanya kwemhepo kwakanyanya, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo mupaipi 1 kunova kwakaderera. Kusiyana neizvi, mweya uri mupaipi 2 une kumhanya kwakaderera. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo mupaipi 2 kwakakwira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mvura inonhuhwirira inosundirwa kumusoro. Kana mvura inonhuhwirira yasvika paipi 1, mweya unobuda mukati mebhora rerabha unosundidzira kunze… Mvura inonhuhwirira inozopedzisira yapfapfaidza, ichinyorovesa muviri…
Kazhinji maburi acho madiki, saka pefiyumu inobuda nekukurumidza.
Inwa nepipette kana siphon
Wakambonwa tii ine aizi kana sirapu uchishandisa pipette here? Patinosveta kana kusveta mvura tichishandisa pipette, tinoita kuti mhepo iri mupipette ifambe nekukurumidza. Muchiitiko ichi, mhepo iri mupipette yakabatana nemuromo wedu ine kumhanya kwakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo muchikamu chepipette kunova kwakaderera. Mhepo iri muchikamu chepipette iri pedyo nechinwiwa ine kumhanya kwakaderera. Nekuti kumhanya kwayo kwakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwacho kwakawanda. Musiyano uyu mukumanikidzwa kwemhepo ndiwo unoita kuti mvura kana chinwiwa chatinonwa chiyerere mumuromo medu. Muchiitiko ichi, mvura inoyerera kubva muchikamu chepipette ine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakwira kuenda kuchikamu chepipette ine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Chimney
Wakamboona chimney here? Kana uchigara muguta rakaita seSurabaya, Semarang, Jakarta, nezvimwewo, ungangove wakaona chimney dzemufekitori. Sei utsi huchikwira nemuchimney? Chekutanga, utsi hunobva mukutsva hunopisa. Nekuda kwekupisa kwakanyanya, huwandu hwemhepo hwakaderera. Mhepo ine huwandu hwakaderera inoyangarara kana kukwira zviri nyore. Ichi hachisi chikonzero chega ... Pfungwa yaBernoulli inobatanidzwawo.
Chechipiri, musimboti waBernoulli unoti kana mwero wemhepo wakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye zvakasiyana, kana mwero wemhepo wakaderera, kumanikidzwa kwakakwira. Pamusoro pechimney panze. Kune mhepo inovhuvhuta pamusoro pechimney, saka kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakomberedza kwakaderera. Mukati meimba yakavharwa, hapana mhepo inovhuvhuta, saka kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakwira. Naizvozvo, utsi hunotungamirwa kunze nemuchimney. Mhepo inofamba kubva kunzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yakakwira kuenda kunzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Makonzo anozivawo musimboti waBernoulli
Tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi. Mufananidzo wegomba rembeva riri muvhu. Mbeva dzinonzwisisawo pfungwa yaBernoulli.
i. Makonzo aisada kufa nekuda kwekushaya mweya, saka akachera makomba maviri pakakwirira zvakasiyana. Nekuda kwekusiyana kwenzvimbo yepasi, mhepo yakadzvanywa ichipesana. Zvakafanana nemvura inoyerera kubva papombi ine chikamu chikuru ichienda papombi ine chikamu chidiki. Nekuda kwekupwanywa, kumhanya kwemhepo kunowedzera uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoderera.
Nekuda kwemusiyano wekumanikidzwa kwemhepo, mhepo inomanikidzwa kuyerera nepaburi rembeva. Mhepo inoyerera ichibva kunzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo yakakwira kuenda kunzvimbo dzine kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakaderera.
Mauto Anosimudza Ndege
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoita kuti ndege dzibhururuke ndechekuti dzine mapapiro. Mapapiro endege akakombama, chikamu chepamberi chakakora kupfuura chekumashure. Chimiro chemapapiro ichi chinonzi aerofoil. Pfungwa iyi yakatorwa kubva kumapapiro eshiri, ayo ane chimiro chakafanana (chikamu chepamberi chakakombama uye chakakora). Musiyano ndewekuti mapapiro eshiri anogona kubhururutswa, nepo mapapiro endege asingakwanise. Shiri dzinogona kubhururuka nekuti dzinobhururutswa mapapiro adzo, zvichiita kuti mhepo ifambe pamusoro pemativi ese emapapiro. Kuti mhepo ibvumire kufamba pamusoro pemativi ese emapapiro endege, ndege inofanira kufambiswa mberi. Vanhu vanoshandisa mainjini kufambisa ndege.
Kumberi kwebapiro kwakagadzirwa kuti kukombame kumusoro. Mhepo inoyerera kubva pasi inogongana neyakafanana nayo iri pamusoro, sezvinoita mvura inoyerera kubva papombi ine chikamu chikuru chemuchinjikwa kuenda kupombi ine chikamu chakamanikana chemuchinjikwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kumhanya kwemhepo pamusoro pebapiro kunowedzera. Nekuti kumhanya kwemhepo kunowedzera, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kumhanya kwemhepo pasi pebapiro kwakaderera nekuti mhepo haina vanhu vakawanda (kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakakura). Musiyano uyu wekumanikidzwa kunoita kuti mapapiro endege asundirwe kumusoro.
Pfungwa yaBernoulli inongova chinhu chimwe chete chinoita kuti ndege isimuke. Chimwe chinhu isimba. Kazhinji, mapapiro endege anotsveyamiswa zvishoma mudenga. Mhepo inorova pasi pebapiro inotsveyamiswa pasi. Nekuti ndege dzine mapapiro maviri, rimwe kuruboshwe nerimwe kurudyi, mweya unotsveyamiswa unogovana. Kuchinja kwesimba remhepo inorovana kunoita kuti pave nekusimudzwa kwakawedzerwa.
Nekuti bapiro rinokombama richidzika kusvika kumuswe, mhepo inomanikidzwa nebapiro kuti ienderere pasi. Sekureva kweMutemo wechitatu waNewton, simba rega rega rekuita rine simba rekuita. Nekuti bapiro rinomanikidza mhepo kuti iburuke, mweya unofanirwa kumanikidza bapiro kuti rikwire kumusoro. Muchiitiko ichi, mweya unoshandisa simba rekusimudzira bapiro. Saka, musimboti waBernoulli hausi iwo wega chinhu chinoita kuti ndege ikwire.
Vabati vehove vanozivawo musimboti waBernoulli
Wakambofamba nechikepe here? Vabati vehove vanozivawo mashandiro anoita pfungwa yaBernoulli 😉
