Van der Waals izita renyanzvi yefizikisi yekuDutch, J.D. van der Waals (1837–1923). Equation yemamiriro ekunze yevan der Waals iequation yemamiriro ekunze yegasi, yakafanana neequation yemamiriro ekunze yegasi . Musiyano ndewekuti equation yemagetsi ekunze haigone kupa mhinduro dzakarurama kana kumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegasi rechokwadi hwakakura zvakakwana. Equation yemamiriro ekunze yevan der Waals inogona kupa mhinduro dzakarurama.
Equation iyi yakatanga naVan der Waals, uyo akaona miganhu ye equation yegesi yakanaka yemamiriro ezvinhu. Waals akachinja equation yegesi yakanaka yemamiriro ezvinhu nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinopesvedzera mamiriro egesi chaiyo kana kumanikidzwa uye density yegesi chaiyo yakakwira zvakakwana.
Sezvo kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuchiwedzera, tembiricha nehuwandu hwegasi hunokwirawo, ukuwo huwandu hwegasi huchidererawo.
Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunoenderana nehukuru. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, vhoriyamu inoderera. Kusiyana neizvi, kana vhoriyamu yegasi ikaderera, kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunowedzera. Kana vhoriyamu yegasi ikaderera, huwandu hwegasi hunowedzera (density = density = mass / volume). Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kumanikidzwa kunoenderana zvakananga nehukuru. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuri pamusoro, saka huwandu hwegasi hwakakwirawo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuri pasi, saka huwandu hwegasi hwakadererawo. Kumanikidzwa kwegasi kunoenderana zvakananga nekupisa. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, tembiricha yegasi inowedzerawo. Tinogona kugumisa kuti kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kukawedzera, tembiricha yegasi uye huwandu hwegasi hunowedzera, nepo vhoriyamu yegasi ichiderera.
Kana huwandu hwegasi hwaderera, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinova pedyo. Sezvo daro riri pakati pemamorekuru richiva pedyo, mamorekuru anokweverana. Zvakafanana nepaya chidimbu chesimbi chinouya pedyo nemagnet. Kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi rakakwana, magineti haakwanise kukwevera iron. Asi kana daro riri pakati pemagnet nesimbi riri pedyo, iron inokweverana pakarepo. Kana mamorekuru ava kuda kuroverana, maerekitironi ari kunze kwemamorekuru anodzingana (electrical repulsion). Nekuda kweizvozvo, mamorekuru haagone kubatana. Kubva pakutsanangura uku kupfupi, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti simba rinokwezva riri pakati pemamorekuru rinokanganisawo mamiriro egasi.
Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kwakakwira zvakakwana uye huwandu hwegasi huri hudiki, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinova pedyo. Panyaya iyi, mamorekuru anozadza huwandu hwegasi rose. Nekuti mamorekuru ane saiziwo (diameter yeatomu = 10-10 m ), tinofanirawo kufunga nezvehuwandu hwemamorekuru aya.
Equation yemamiriro ekunze
Van der Waals vakawana equation yemamiriro ezvinhu, vachifunga nezvehuwandu hwemamorekuru uye kudyidzana kunoitika pakati pemamorekuru. Equation yakawanikwa naVan der Waals ishanduko ye equation yegesi yakakodzera yemamiriro ezvinhu PV = nRT.
Information :
P = Kumanikidzwa kwegasi (N/m2 = Pa)
V = Huwandu hwegasi ( m3 )
R = Gasi risingaperi (R = 8,315 J/mol.K = 8315 kJ/kmol.K)
T = Tembiricha (K)
a = Empirical constant (kukosha kwayo kunoenderana nesimba rinokwezva riri pakati pemamorekuru egasi)
b = empirical constant (inomiririra huwandu hwe mole imwe yemamorekuru egasi)
n = Nhamba yemamota (mol)
bn = Huwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi
Makonstanti a na b anowanikwa nekuyedza. Kukosha kwemakonstanti a na b kunoenderana nerudzi rwegasi.
n 2 / V 2 = chiyero chechikwere chenhamba yemamoles (n) kune chikwere chevhoriyamu yegesi (V). Kukosha kwe n 2 / V 2 kunoenderana nekumanikidzwa uye huwandu hwegesi. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegesi (P) kuri kukuru, saka vhoriyamu yegesi (V) idiki. V diki, n 2 / V 2 yakakura . Kana vhoriyamu yegesi iri diki (n 2 / V 2 yakakura) daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rinova pedyo. Daro riri pakati pemamorekuru riri pedyo, mukana wekudyidzana pakati pemamorekuru (kuroverana, kukwezvana). Naizvozvo n 2 / V 2 inoenderana zvakananga nea constant a (enzanisa ne van der Waals equation, kuruboshwe). Kukosha kwe n 2 / V 2 kuri kukuru , simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru (a) rakakura. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegesi (P) kuri kudiki, saka vhoriyamu yegesi (V) inova yakakura. V yakakura, n 2 / V 2 diki . Kana n 2 / V 2 diki , simba rinokwezva riri pakati pemamorekuru dikiwo.
(V – bn) = Musiyano uripo pakati pehuwandu hwegasi nehuwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi. B inongogara iripo inoratidza huwandu hwemole imwe chete yemamorekuru egasi. n = huwandu hwemamorekuru. Chibereko cheb na n (bn) = huwandu hwese hwemamorekuru egasi. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi (P) kuri kukuru, huwandu hwegasi (V) hudiki.
Kana V iri diki, ndiyo diki (V - bn). Izvi zvinoreva kuti daro riri pakati pemamorekuru riri pedyo uye zvechokwadi simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru rakakura. Kusiyana neizvi, kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kuri kwakaderera, vhoriyamu yegasi yakakura. Kana vhoriyamu yegasi yakakura, ndiyo yakakura (V - bn). Kana (V - bn) yakakura, simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru egasi diki.
Tinogona kutaura kuti van der Waals equation of state inotsanangura mamiriro egasi chairo nemazvo kupfuura ideal gas equation. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi uye density zvakakura zvakakwana, van der Waals equation inopa mhedzisiro yakarurama. Kana kumanikidzwa kwegasi kusina kukura zvakanyanya, saka (2 / V 2 ) uye (V-bn) zvinogona kuregeredzwa, zvekuti van der Waals equation of state inoshanduka kuita ideal gas equation of state.
