Wakamboona kenduru here? Ndinovimba uchaishandisa. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chatinogona kuona kana kenduru iri kupfuta. Pasi petambo yekenduru iri kupfuta kazhinji panogara pakanyorova newakisi yakanyunguduka (patambo). Kuvapo kwewakisi yakanyunguduka patambo kunoreva kuti kenduru inogona kupfuta kwenguva yakareba. Chii chinoita kuti wakisi yakanyunguduka ifambe ichikwira ichienda kutambo yekenduru iri kupfuta? Tinogona kuona chiitiko chimwe chete mumatochi.
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza muhupenyu hwedu zvakafanana nezviitiko zvinoitika mumakenduru nemwenje yemafuta. Zvinoita sekunge mvura ine makumbo, zvichiita kuti ifambe ichikwira kumusoro. Unogona kutsanangura izvi nesainzi here? Imwe pfungwa yefizikisi inogona kutsanangura zviitiko zvinoitika mumakenduru, marambi emafuta, nezvimwe zviitiko zvakawanda zvine chekuita nazvo ndeye capillarity.
Masimba Ekubatana uye Akabatana
Kubatana isimba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru echinhu chimwe chete, nepo simba rinokwezva pakati pemamorekuru ezvinhu zvakasiyana richinzi kunamatira. Semuenzaniso, kana tikadurura mvura mugirazi, kubatana kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura achikwezvana, nepo kunamatira kunoitika kana mamorekuru emvura nemamorekuru egirazi achikwezvana.
Angle yekubata
Tisati tanyatsoongorora pfungwa ye capillarity, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti simba rinonamira uye rinobatana rinokanganisa sei capillarity. Semuenzaniso, funga nezvemvura iri mugirazi. Kana simba rinobatana remamorekuru emvura rakasimba kupfuura simba rinonamira (masimba anokwezva ari pakati pemamorekuru emvura nemamorekuru egirazi), pamusoro pemvura pachakombama kumusoro. Muenzaniso weizvi ndewekuti mvura iri mugirazi. Zvinonzi mvura inonyorovesa pamusoro pegirazi. Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rinonamira rakasimba, pamusoro pemvura pachakombama pasi. Semuenzaniso, kana mercury iri mugirazi.
Kona inoumbwa nekoridho inonzi kona yekubatana. Kana simba rekubatana remvura rakakura kupfuura simba rekubatanidza, kona yekubatana inoumbwa inowanzova pasi pe90°.o (mufananidzo a). Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rekunamatira rakakura kupfuura simba rekusangana kwemvura, ipapo kona yekubatana yakagadzirwa inopfuura 90o (mufananidzo b). Kubatana uye simba rekubatana zvakaoma kuverenga, asi kona yekubatana inogona kuyerwa. Chii chinonzi hukama ne capillarity?
Pfungwa yeCapillarity
Kana simba rekubatana kwemvura rakakura kupfuura simba rekubatanidza, pamusoro pemvura pachakombama kumusoro. Patinoisa chubhu yakatetepa kana pombi (pombi ine dhayamita diki pane mudziyo), chikamu chepamusoro chemvura chichaumbwa. Nemamwe mashoko, mvura iri mumudziyo inokwira nepakati pepombi. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simba rese rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro pamadziro echubhu rinoshanda kumusoro. Kureba kwakanyanya kunogona kusvika mvura kana simba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro rakaenzana kana kuti rakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri mupombi. Nokudaro, mvura inogona kungokwira kusvika pakukwirira uko simba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro rinoenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri mupombi.
Kusiyana neizvi, kana simba rinonamira rakakura kupfuura simba rinobatanidza remvura, pamusoro pemvura yacho pachakombama pasi. Patinoisa chubhu kana pombi yakatetepa (pombi ine dhayamita diki pane mudziyo), chikamu chezasi chemvura chichaumbwa (ona mufananidzo uri pazasi).
Izvi zvinozivikanwa sekufamba kwe capillary, kana kuti capillarity, uye machubhu aya matete anonzi ma capillary tubes. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mitsipa midiki yeropa yedu inogonawo kunzi ma capillary tubes, sezvo kutenderera kweropa mumitsipa midiki iyi kunokonzerwawo ne capillary effect. Saizvozvowo, chiitiko chekunyungudutsa wax kana parafini chinokwira nepachikweshero chinoonekwawo. Uyezve, capillarity inofungidzirwa kuti ine basa rakakosha mukufamba kwemvura nezvinovaka muviri kubva pamidzi kuenda kumashizha kuburikidza nemidziyo midiki ye xylem. Pasina capillarity, pamusoro pevhu paizooma pakarepo mushure mekunaya kwemvura kana kudiridza. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha che capillarity kuchengetedza mvura munzvimbo dziri pakati pezvikamu zvevhu.
Equation yeCapillarity
Tingaziva sei kukwirira kwemvura inokwira kuburikidza nechubhu ye capillary? Mvura yacho inoita seinokwira muchubhu. 
chubhu ye capillary ine radius r kusvika pakukwirira h. Simba rinobata basa rekubata mvura pakukwirira h ndicho chikamu chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro munzira yakatwasuka: F cos theta.
Pamusoro pechubhu ye capillary pakavhurika, saka kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kunoshandiswa pamusoro pemvura. Kureba kwenzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemvura nechubhu i2 phi r (denderedzwa redenderedzwa). Saka, hukuru hwechikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro chinoshanda pamwe chete nepamusoro pekubatana ndeichi:
Kana kutenderera kwepamusoro pemvura kukasatariswa, huwandu hwemvura iri mupombi ndehwekuti:
Huwandu hwemvura = Nzvimbo yepamusoro yepombi x Kureba kwemvura
V = A h
V = (π r 2 ) h
Kana chikamu chakamira cheSurface Tension Force chakaenzana nehuremu hwekoramu yemvura iri muchubhu ye capillary, mvura yacho haigone kukwira zvakanyanya. Nemamwe mashoko, mvura yacho ichasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro, kana chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro chakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri pakukwirira h. Chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro ndeichi:
F = γ 2 π r cos θ
Panguva iyi, huremu hwemvura iri muchubhu ye capillary ndeinotevera:
w = mg
w = ρ V g
w = ρ (π r 2 h ) g
Kana mvura yasvika pakukwirira kwayo kwepamusoro (h), chikamu chakamira chesimba rekumanikidzwa kwepamusoro chinofanira kuenzana nehuremu hwemvura iri muchubhu ye capillary. Pamasvomhu, zvakanyorwa kuti:
Uyu ndiwo muyero watiri kutsvaga. Kana uchida kuona kukwirira kwekoramu yemvura, ndapota shandisa muyero uyu.
