Chimiro cheBone: Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro Emuviri Wemunhu
Mapfupa chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwemapfupa emunhu, achipa rutsigiro rwechimiro, achidzivirira nhengo dzinokosha, achigonesa kufamba, uye achitamba basa mukugadzirwa kwemasero eropa uye kuchengetwa kwemaminerari. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora maumbirwo akasiyana emapfupa mumuviri wemunhu, kuti maumbirwo aya anobatsira sei pakushanda kwemuviri wese, uye kuti sei musiyano wega wega uchikosha pahutano nekushanda zvakanaka.
1. Nhanganyaya kuMapfupa
Kutanga, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti pfupa inhengo mhenyu, inoshanduka-shanduka. Kunyangwe zvingaita sekuti zvakaoma uye hazvichinji, pfupa rinogara richigadziriswa, uko mapfupa ekare anotsiviwa nenhengo itsva. Mapfupa anoumbwa nemasero, collagen fibers, uye mineral base, kunyanya calcium phosphate, iyo inopa simba uye kuomarara.
2. Kurongwa kweMapfupa Zvichienderana neChimiro
Kune mapoka makuru mashanu emapfupa akapatsanurwa zvichienderana nechimiro: mapfupa marefu, mapfupa mapfupi, mapfupa akati sandara, mapfupa asina kurongeka, uye mapfupa esesamoid. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine hunhu hwakasiyana hunoenderana nebasa racho mumuviri.
a. Mapfupa Marefu
Mienzaniso yakajeka yemapfupa marefu ndeyemapfupa eruoko nemakumbo, akadai sefemur (pfupa rechidya), tibia (pfupa remuchiuno), uye humerus (pfupa reruoko rwepamusoro). Mapfupa aya marefu anoshanda senzira dzakakosha dzekufamba. Akarebeswa nemativi maviri akakura (epiphyses) uye chikamu chepakati chakareba (diaphysis). Mhara iri mukati memapfupa marefu (medullary cavity) ine yellow bone marrow, inochengetedza mafuta, uye muvana, red bone marrow, uko kunoitika kugadzirwa kwemasero eropa.
b. Mapfupa Mapfupi
Mapfupa mapfupi akaita secube uye anowanikwa muruoko (carpals) nepatsoka (tarsals). Basa guru remapfupa mapfupi nderekupa kugadzikana uye kutsigira kufamba kwakatsetseka, senge muruoko, izvo zvinoita kuti kufamba kwakasiyana-siyana kuve kwakadzikama.
c. Mapfupa Akati sandara
Mapfupa akati sandara, akadai sedehenya, sternum (pfupa repachipfuva), uye scapula (mashizha emafudzi), ane zvidimbu zviviri zvemapfupa akamanikana akasungirirwa pakati pawo nechikamu chakaita sechiponji. Basa guru remapfupa aya nderekudzivirira nhengo dzemukati uye kupa nzvimbo yakakura yekubatanidza tsandanyama. Semuenzaniso, dehenya rinodzivirira uropi, nepo sternum nembabvu zvichidzivirira mwoyo nemapapu.
d. Mapfupa Asina Kurongeka
Mapfupa aya haakwane zvakanaka muzvikamu zvekare nekuda kwemaumbirwo awo akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, musana (vertebrae) nepfupa reshaya (manible). Maumbirwo akaomarara emafupa asina kurongeka anoabvumira kuita mabasa akasiyana, akadai sekutsigira maumbirwo akaomarara emuviri kana kudzivirira sisitimu yetsinga yepakati kana paine vertebrae.
e. Mapfupa eSesamoid
Mapfupa eSesamoid mapfupa madiki akabatanidzwa mumatendon, muenzaniso unozivikanwa zvikuru uri patella (kneecap). Mapfupa aya anodzivirira tendon kubva mukushushikana uye kupera uye anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwemhasuru nekuchinja kona yenzira yetendon, izvo zvinowedzera simba remhasuru.
3. Mashandiro Emapfupa Akavakirwa Pachimiro
Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwepfupa rune basa rarwo, zvichienderana nechimiro charo chakasiyana:
– Kutsigira uye Kudzivirira Kuputsika: Mapfupa marefu ari mumakumbo anobatsira kutsigira huremu hwemuviri uye kudzivirira chimiro chemuviri kuti chisaputsika kana wakamira.
– Kufamba uye Kuchinjika: Chimiro chema cuboid chemapfupa mapfupi chinobvumira kuchinjika kwakanyanya mumapfundo, zvichibvumira mafambiro madiki asi akakosha anodiwa mumabasa akadai sekunyora kana kubata.
– Dziviriro: Mapfupa akati sandara uye asina kurongeka anodzivirira nhengo dzinokosha nechimiro chadzo chakati sandara uye chakaoma kunzwisisa.
– Kushanda zvakanaka kwetsandanyama: Mapfupa eSesamoid anowedzera kushanda zvakanaka kwetsandanyama uye anodzivirira marunda kubva mukushushikana mushure mekuita mabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri.
4. Kukura Kwemapfupa Nekukura Kwawo
Kukura kwemapfupa kunotanga mwana asati aberekwa uye kunoenderera mberi kusvika ava nemakore angangoita makumi maviri nemashanu. Maitiro aya anotanga nekatsi, iyo inozobva yaita ossification, uko calcium nezvimwe zvicherwa zvinoiswa panzvimbo pekatsi nemapfupa akaoma. Maplate epiphyseal ari kumagumo emapfupa marefu ndiwo nzvimbo huru dzekukura, dzinoita kuti mapfupa arebe nekufamba kwenguva.
5. Zvirwere Nezvirwere Zvine Chekuita Nemapfupa
Kukanganisika kwechimiro chemapfupa uye mashandiro awo kunogona kukanganisa hutano zvakanyanya. Mamwe matambudziko anosanganisira osteoporosis, uko mapfupa anova asina kusimba uye anogona kutyoka, kana kuti scoliosis, kuremara kwemusana.
Ruzivo rwakakwana rwemaumbirwo emapfupa uye mashandiro emuviri rwakakosha pakuongorora nekurapa chirwere ichi. Kupindira mune zvekurapa, zvakaita sekurapa muviri, zvekudya zvinovaka muviri, kana kuvhiyiwa, zvinowanzodiwa kuti chirwere ichi chigadziriswe.
6. Mhedziso
Kunzwisisa maumbirwo akasiyana emapfupa uye mabasa awo ega ega kunoratidza kukosha kwehutano hwemapfupa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mune mamwe mamiriro ehutano. Nekupa rutsigiro, dziviriro, uye kufamba, mapfupa, mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, chinhu chakasimba uye chakakosha chemuviri wemunhu. Saka, kuchengetedza hutano hwemapfupa kuburikidza nekudya kwakakodzera, kurovedza muviri, uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kwechiremba kwakakosha kuti mapfupa edu agone kutitsigira muhupenyu hwedu hwese.
