Mienzaniso yeMibvunzo Inotsanangura Mapfupa Anoumba Mapfupa
Pakudzidza nezvemaumbirwo evanhu, chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha mapfupa anoumba mapfupa. Mapfupa evanhu anoumbwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emapfupa, rimwe nerimwe riine basa rayo, chimiro, uye nzvimbo yaro. Kudzidza nezvemapfupa aya kunowanzo kurukurwa mubvunzo dzebhayoloji. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura mibvunzo yemuenzaniso netsananguro dzayo kuti tibatsire vaverengi kunzwisisa zviri nani chinyorwa ichi.
Nhanganyaya kuMapfupa neMafupa
Mapfupa emunhu ane mapfupa emusana nemapfupa emusana. Mapfupa emusana anosanganisira dehenya, musana, mbabvu, nesternum. Mapfupa emusana anosanganisira mapfupa emaoko, makumbo, chiuno, nemapfudzi. Mapfupa aya anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana akakosha, anosanganisira kupa chimiro, kuchengetedza nhengo dzinokosha, kufambisa kufamba, kugadzira masero eropa, uye kuchengetedza zvicherwa.
Kuti unzwisise zvakawanda nezvemapfupa anoumba mapfupa, zvakakosha kunzwisisa zvinhu zvekutanga zvekupatsanura mapfupa, zvinoti mapfupa marefu, mapfupa mapfupi, mapfupa akati sandara, uye mapfupa asina kurongeka.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muhurukuro inotevera, tichakurukura mubvunzo wemuenzaniso pamwe chete netsananguro yemhinduro.
Mubvunzo 1: Tsanangura musiyano uripo pakati pemapfupa marefu nemapfupa mapfupi, wopa mienzaniso yeimwe neimwe.
Kukurukurirana:
Mapfupa marefu imhando yemapfupa akareba kupfuura akafara uye anowanzova nechimiro chetubhu. Basa rawo guru nderekutsigira huremu hwemuviri uye kubvumira kufamba. Mapfupa marefu anowanzo kuwanikwa muzvikamu zvemuviri zvinoda simba nekufamba, zvakaita semaoko (humerus neradius) nemakumbo (femur, tibia, uye fibula).
Semuenzaniso, pfupa remufemur muenzaniso mukuru wepfupa refu. Iri muhudyu, femur ndiyo pfupa refu uye rakasimba mumuviri, rinoshanda kutsigira huremu hwemuviri uye kubatsira mukufamba.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mapfupa mapfupi akaenzana pakureba nehupamhi, uye akaita secube. Basa rawo guru nderekupa kugadzikana uye kufamba kushoma. Mapfupa mapfupi anowanzo kuwanikwa muzvanza nemakumbo.
Semuenzaniso, mapfupa ecarpal ari muruoko nemapfupa etarsal ari mugumbo mienzaniso yemapfupa mapfupi. Anobvumira kufamba kwakaoma uye kuchinjika muruoko negumbo.
Mubvunzo 2: Mapfupa mangani ari mumapfupa emunhu, uye zvikamu zvawo ndezvipi?
Kukurukurirana:
Huwandu hwemapfupa ari mumapfupa emunhu e axial skeleton i80. Mafupa e axial skeleton ane zvikamu zvinotevera:
1. Dehenya: Rine mapfupa makumi maviri nemaviri, kusanganisira mapfupa eganda nemapfupa echiso. Mapfupa eganda anodzivirira uropi, nepo mapfupa echiso achiumba chimiro chechiso.
2. Mapfupa Enzeve Dzepakati (Ossicles): Ane mapfupa madiki matanhatu ari munzeve yepakati. Mafupa aya ndiwo malleus, incus, uye stapes, uye anowanikwa munzeve dzerudyi nedzeruboshwe zvakateerana.
3. Hyoid Bone: Pfupa rehyoid ndiro chete pfupa risingawirirane zvakananga nerimwe pfupa. Rinoshanda sechitsigiro chetsandanyama dzerurimi nemutsipa.
4. Sternum (Sternum): Pfupa rakati sandara riri pakati pechipfuva uye rinoshanda kudzivirira mwoyo nemapapu.
5. Mbabvu: Kune mbabvu gumi nembiri dzinodzivirira nhengo dziri muchipfuva, dzakadai semapapu nemoyo.
6. Musana (Vertebral Column): Une mapfupa emusana makumi matatu nematatu akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5, yakasanganiswa mu sacrum), uye coccyx (ine mapfupa emusana mana, akasanganiswa).
Mubvunzo 3: Basa guru rehurongwa hwemapfupa nderipi, uye ndeapi matatu marwere kana matambudziko emapfupa anowanzoonekwa?
Kukurukurirana:
Mabasa makuru ehurongwa hwemapfupa ndeaya:
1. Kutsigira Chimiro: Kunopa chimiro chemuviri, nokudaro kuchipa chimiro chemuviri nerutsigiro.
2. Dziviriro: Inodzivirira nhengo dzinokosha dzakadai seuropi, moyo, nemapapu.
3. Kufamba: Pamwe chete netsandanyama, zvinobvumira kufamba kwemuviri kuburikidza nemajoini.
4. Kugadzirwa kweMasero Eropa: Mamwe mapfupa ane munyu wemapfupa inova nzvimbo inogadzirwa masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet.
5. Kuchengetera Zvicherwa: Mapfupa inzvimbo yekuchengetera zvicherwa zvakaita secalcium nephosphate.
Zvirwere zvitatu zvakajairika kana kuti matambudziko emapfupa zvinosanganisira:
– Osteoporosis: Chirwere chinoita kuti mapfupa anyanye kupwanyika uye aputsike nyore nyore. Izvi zvinowanzoitika nekuda kwekudzikira kwehuwandu hwemapfupa hunokonzerwa nekukwegura.
– Arthritis: Kuzvimba kwemajoini kunokonzera kurwadziwa nekuomarara. Mhando dzakajairika iosteoarthritis nerheumatoid arthritis.
– Kutyoka: Kutyoka kwepfupa kunowanzoitika nekuda kwekukuvara kwemuviri, uko kunogona kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekutyoka kwakavharwa, kwakavhurika, kana kuti kwakachekwa.
Penutup
Kunzwisisa mapfupa anoumba mapfupa hakukoshi chete pazvidzidzo, asiwo pahutano hwedu nekugara zvakanaka. Kuziva mhando dzemapfupa, mashandiro awo, uye nyaya dzehutano dzakabatana kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pekuti tingachengetedza sei mapfupa ane hutano. Nekunzwisisa mibvunzo iyi yemuenzaniso nehurukuro, zvinotarisirwa kuti vaverengi vachagadzirira zviri nani kutarisana nemibvunzo yakafanana mumakwikwi edzidzo uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
