Ngā Momo Pakihi Tūmataiti (BUMS)
Ko ngā Hinonga Tūmataiti (BUMS) e pā ana ki ngā kamupene, ki ngā hinonga pakihi rānei e puritia ana e ngā rōpū tūmataiti, ehara i te kāwanatanga. He wāhi nui tā ēnei momo pakihi i roto i te ōhanga o te whenua, e whai wāhi tika ana ki te hua ā-rohe whānui (GDP), e waihanga ana i ngā mahi, e akiaki ana i te auahatanga me te whai huatanga puta noa i ngā rāngai ahumahi.
He mahi nui tā ngā umanga tūmataiti (SOE) ki te whakapiki i te whakataetae mākete mā te whakauru i ngā hangarau me ngā ratonga hou. He ngāwari rātou, he tere te urutau ki ngā huringa mākete, ā, he maha ngā wā ka akiaki i te tipu ōhanga mā te haumi me te whanaketanga ahumahi.
He maha ngā momo BUMS e kitea ana i roto i ngā rāngai rerekē. Anei tētahi whakamārama taipitopito mō ngā momo BUMS e mōhiotia whānuitia ana:
1. Kamupene Herenga Iti (PT)
Ko te Kamupene Herenga Iti (PT) he hinonga pakihi e wehea ana te whakapaipai ki ngā hea, ā, ko te nama o ngā kaipupuri hea e herea ana ki te maha o ngā hea kei a rātou. Ka taea e te PT te noho hei PT Kati, kāore ōna hea e hokohokohia ana i te marea i runga i te mākete hea, hei PT Tuwhera rānei, ka taea te hokohoko i ōna hea i runga i te mākete hea.
Ko ngā painga o tētahi PT ko te ngāwari o te kohi moni mā te hoko hea, te iti o te mōrearea o te ngaronga moni, me te āheinga ki te whakawhānui hei kamupene tūmatanui. Heoi, he uaua ake te whakahaere i tētahi PT, ā, me tutuki i ngā ture maha.
2. Pūmau (Fa)
Ko te hononga pakihi he hinonga pakihi i whakatūria e te tokorua, neke atu rānei, me ā rātou kawenga mahi tahi, me ētahi kawenga maha. Ko te tikanga tēnei ko ngā kaiwhakaū te kawenga katoa mō ā rātou rawa me ā rātou nama katoa e puta mai ana i ngā mahi pakihi.
Ko te painga o te hononga mahi tahi ko te ngāwari o te whakatū me te whakahaere ki te whakaritea ki tētahi kamupene herenga iti (PT). Heoi, he nui ake ngā mōrearea whaiaro nā te mea ka pā te nama kamupene ki ngā taonga whaiaro o ngā rangatira.
3. Te Hononga Pakihi Iti (CV)
Ko te Hononga Pakihi Iti, ko te Commanditaire Vennootschap (CV) rānei, he momo mahi tahi pakihi i waenganui i ngā rōpū e rua: he hoa mahi e whakahaere ana i te kamupene, ā, ko ia te tino kawenga, me te hoa mahi kore e whakarato ana i te pūtea engari kāore e uru ki te whakahaere, ā, ko tana kawenga he iti noa iho i te pūtea i kohaina.
He pai te CV mō ngā pakihi iti ki te rahi waenga, ko ngā painga matua ko te ngāwari o te whakatū me te ngāwari ki te whakahaere i te pakihi. Ko tētahi ngoikoretanga o te CV ko te nui o te mōrearea e pā ana ki te hoa mahi nā te mea ko ia te kawenga katoa mō ngā herenga a te kamupene.
4. Te Mahi Tahi
He momo hinonga tūmatanui te mahi tahi (BUMS) e puritia ana, e whakahaerehia ana hoki e tētahi rōpū tāngata hei painga mō te katoa. Ko te mātāpono o te mahi tahi ko te mahi nā ōna mema, nā te mea, mā rātou, me te whāinga kia whakapai ake i tō rātou oranga.
Ko ngā painga o ngā mahi tahi ko te iti o ngā utu whakahaere me te tohatoha i ngā hua ki ngā mema, ehara i te mea i te taha pūtea anake engari i roto i ētahi atu momo pēnei i ngā whakahekenga utu. Ko ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā mahi tahi ko te kore o te pūtea hei whakawhānui me ngā wero maha o te whakahaere ngaio.
5. Pakihi Hokohoko (UD)
Ko te pakihi hokohoko (UD) he momo pakihi e whakahaerehia ana e te tangata takitahi. Kāore he hinonga ture motuhake o te UD, nō reira ko ngā rawa me ngā nama katoa te kawenga o te rangatira pakihi anake.
Ko te painga matua o te UD ko te tere o te whakatau kaupapa here rautaki me ngā whakataunga, me te kore e hiahiatia he whakaaetanga mai i ētahi atu rōpū, nā te mea kei te rangatira pakihi te mana whakahaere katoa. Heoi, ko ngā mōrearea pakihi katoa, tae atu ki ngā mate, he kawenga nā te rangatira.
6. Te Hononga Mahi Tahi
Ko te mahi tahi he momo mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kamupene rerekē, ā-rohe, ā-ao hoki, hei whakatutuki i ngā painga tahi me te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o te mākete. Ko ngā kamupene e whai wāhi ana ka tautoko i te tohungatanga, i te pūmanawa mākete rānei o tētahi ki tētahi.
Ko ngā painga o tētahi mahi tahi ko te tūponotanga tiritahi, te tohungatanga tiritahi, me ngā rauemi. Heoi, ko te wero o tēnei tauira ko te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā rōpū he rerekē ngā ahurea, ngā iwi rānei o te kamupene.
7. Te raihana
Ko te raihana he tauira pakihi e tukuna ana e te rangatira pakihi (kaituku raihana) te mana ki tētahi atu rōpū (kaituku raihana) ki te whakahaere i tētahi pakihi me te waitohu me te pūnaha ōrite ki te kaituku raihana.
Ko te painga o te whakawhiwhinga raihana ko te tautoko katoa a te kaituku raihana ki te whakangungu, te hokohoko, me te hoko. Ka whakaitihia ngā mōrearea pakihi nā te tauira pakihi kua whakamātauhia. Heoi, me whai ngā kaipupuri raihana i ngā kaupapa here a te kaituku raihana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā utu tīmatanga i te tīmatanga o tētahi pakihi mai i te tīmatanga.
8. Te Whakaoho
He momo pakihi hou te pakihi hou (BUMS) e whakahaerehia ana me te tauira pakihi auaha, e ahu mai ana i te hangarau mōhiohio . Ko te arotahi matua o te pakihi hou ko te tipu tere me te tauine.
Ko te painga o ngā pakihi hou ko tā rātou tauira pakihi ngāwari, e āhei ai te tere o te whakauru i ngā hangarau hou . Heoi, nā te āhua o te whakahaere kāore i te pumau, he nui te tūponotanga o ngā pakihi hou ki te hinga.
Te Tūranga o ngā BUMS i roto i te Ōhanga
Ko ngā umanga tūmataiti (BUMS) he kaiārahi mō te tipu ōhanga nā te mea he ngāwari ki te whakahaere me te kaha ki te urutau ki ngā huringa o te mākete. Ko ngā auahatanga e whakatinanahia ana e ngā BUMS te nuinga o te wā ka akiaki i ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te whai huatanga, ka taea te tārua e ētahi atu rāngai.
He maha ngā wā ka whakaratohia e ngā kāwanatanga o ngā whenua ngā kaupapa whakatenatena mō te whanaketanga o ngā BUMS, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā taake, i te whakangāwari rānei i ngā ture, hei akiaki i te haumitanga me te waihanga i ētahi atu mahi.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mahi nui anō tā ngā BUMS ki te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga me ngā rauemi tangata mā roto i ngā kaupapa whakangungu me te whakawhanake kaimahi.
Ahakoa te hiranga o ēnei, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā BUMS pērā i te whakataetae kaha, ngā huringa ture , me ngā piki me ngā heke o te mākete o te ao. Kia ora ai, kia tupu ai hoki, me arotahi ngā BUMS ki te auahatanga, te hokohoko, me te whakanui ake i ngā hua , ngā ratonga rānei e tukuna ana e rātou.
Ko te angitu o tētahi BUMS e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te whakahaere me ngā rautaki pakihi kua whakatinanahia, mai i te pūtea me ngā mahi ki te whakahaere mōrearea. Ko te mahi tahi i waenga i te rautaki pakihi tika me te whakatinanatanga whai hua te mea nui kia angitu ai ngā BUMS i waenga i te whakataetae o te ao.
Ahakoa ngā wero maha e pā ana ki a rātou, he wāhanga nui tonu ngā BUMS o te ōhanga o te ao. Nā te kaha ki te urutau me te auaha , he tūranga nui tā rātou ki te whakatairanga i te tipu ōhanga me te whanaketanga hapori.
