Momo Hinonga Kāwanatanga: Pou o te Ōhanga ā-Motu
Ko ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga (SOE) he hinonga pakihi nō te kāwanatanga te mana katoa, te nuinga rānei o te whakapaipai. I Indonesia, he mahi nui tā ngā SOE ki te whanaketanga ōhanga me te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te hapori. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e mātou ngā momo SOE, ō rātou tūranga, me te āhua o tā rātou whai wāhi ki te ōhanga o Indonesia.
1. Te Whakamārama me te Whakamārama o te BUMN
Ko ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga (SOE) he kamupene i whakatūria e te kāwanatanga hei whakahaere i roto i ngā rāngai nui. Ko te kaupapa matua o ngā SOE he whakahaere i ngā rauemi nui, he whakarato ratonga kāore e taea te tuku katoa ki te rāngai tūmataiti, me te whakarite i te ōritetanga me te oranga o te marea. I Initonīhia, ko ngā SOE kei raro i te Ture Nama 19 o te tau 2003 e pā ana ki ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga.
He mahi rautaki tā ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE) ki te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga mā te whakarato i ngā hanganga, te pūngao, ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te kawe waka, me ētahi atu ratonga tūmatanui. Hei tāpiri, he puna moni whiwhi anō hoki ngā SOE mā te kāwanatanga mā roto i ngā takoha taake me ngā wehewehenga.
2. Te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Hinonga Kāwanatanga
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā hinonga kāwanatanga i runga i tō rātou āhua me te momo mahi. I te nuinga o te wā, ka wehea ngā hinonga kāwanatanga ki ngā momo e rua:
a. Kamupene Herenga Iti (Persero)
Ko te Persero (Kamupene Herenga Iti) he hinonga kāwanatanga (BUMN) kei raro i te mana o te kāwanatanga ētahi, o te katoa rānei o ana hea. Ko te whāinga matua o te Persero he rapu hua. Ko te tikanga, ka whakahaerehia ngā Persero i roto i ngā rāngai whakataetae, ā, he rite te hanganga whakahaere ki ērā o ngā kamupene tūmataiti. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā Persero i Initonīhia ko PT Pertamina, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Telkom), me PT Bank Mandiri.
b. Kamupene Tūmatanui (Perum)
Ko te kamupene tūmatanui (Perum) he hinonga kāwanatanga (BUMN) e whai ana ki te whakarato ratonga ki te marea, engari kaua e aro ki te moni whiwhi. Ko ngā hua mai i te kamupene tūmatanui (Perum) ka tohaina hei whakapai ake i ngā ratonga tūmatanui. He maha ngā wā ka whakahaerehia e ngā Perum ngā rāngai e whakatairangahia ana te ratonga tūmatanui i te hua. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā Perum ko te Kamupene Wai Tūmatanui Rohe (PDAM) me te Tari Whakahaere Rautaki ā-Motu (Bulog).
3. Ngā Momo Hinonga Kāwanatanga i runga i te Rāngai
Ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā umanga kāwanatanga i runga i tā rātou rāngai ahumahi. Ko ētahi o ngā rāngai matua e whakahaerehia ana e ngā umanga kāwanatanga i Initonīhia ko:
a. Pūngao me te Keri
He rāngai nui te rāngai pūngao me te keri maina, ā, e whakahaerehia ana e ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE) e whakahaere ana i ngā rauemi taiao whai rawa o Initonīhia. Ko PT Pertamina tētahi o ngā SOE nui rawa atu i tēnei rāngai, e kawenga ana mō te whakaputa hinu me te hau. Ko PT Aneka Tambang (ANTAM) me PT Bukit Asam ētahi atu tauira o ngā kamupene e mahi ana i roto i te rāngai keri kohuke me te waro.
b. Waea Whakawhitiwhiti
I roto i te rāngai whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he mahi nui tā PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Telkom) ki te whakarato ratonga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero puta noa i Indonesia. Ehara i te mea ko ngā ratonga waea me te ipurangi anake tā Telkom e whakarato ana, engari kei te whai wāhi atu hoki ia ki te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga matihiko o te motu.
c. Pūtea
Ko ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE) i roto i te rāngai pūtea ko te peeke, te inihua, me ētahi atu ratonga pūtea. Ko PT Bank Mandiri, PT Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI), me PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI) ētahi tauira o ngā peeke kāwanatanga rongonui i roto i te umanga peeke. Hei tāpiri, ko PT Asuransi Jiwasraya me PT Asabri ētahi SOE e rua e mahi ana i roto i te rāngai inihua.
d. Te Hanganga me te Hanganga
Ko te rāngai hanga me te hanganga he kaupapa matua anō hoki mā ngā umanga kāwanatanga. Ko PT Wijaya Karya (WIKA), PT Pembangunan Perumahan (PP), me PT Adhi Karya kei roto i ngā umanga kāwanatanga e whai wāhi ana ki ngā kaupapa hanganga pēnei i ngā rori utu, ngā piriti, me ngā whare nunui e tautoko ana i ngā hiahia whanaketanga ā-motu.
e. Te kawe waka
Ko te rāngai kawe waka e kapi ana i te rererangi, te rerewē, me ngā ratonga tauranga. He mahi nui tā PT Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) ki te whakarato ratonga kawe waka whenua. I taua wā, ko PT Garuda Indonesia te kamupene rererangi ā-motu, e mahi ana i ngā rerenga ā-rohe me ā-ao.
4. Te Tūranga me ngā Wero o ngā Pakihi ā-Kāwanatanga
Ko ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE) te pou whakakaha mō te whanaketanga ōhanga, hei kaiwhakahaere mō te whanaketanga, hei whakataurite i te mana ōhanga i waenga i te rāngai tūmatanui me te rāngai tūmataiti. He mahi nui anō tā rātou ki te whakarato mahi me te akiaki i te auahatanga ahumahi i roto i te motu.
Heoi anō, kāore e kore he wero mō te noho o ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE). Ko ngā take whakahaere, te pūnaha tari pakari, me te auahatanga iti e kiia ana he arai me wikitoria. Me mahi pai ngā SOE kia taea ai te whakataetae ki te rāngai tūmataiti, i roto i ngā mākete ā-rohe me te ao.
5. Te Hurihanga o ngā Pakihi Kāwanatanga i te Wā Hou
I te aroaro o te whakataetae o te ao me ngā whanaketanga ōhanga e huri haere tonu ana, kua tīmata ngā umanga kāwanatanga o Initonīhia ki te whai i ngā momo panonitanga. Kei roto i ēnei panonitanga ko te whakahou i te hangarau, te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā rauemi tangata, me te hanga anō i ngā whakahaere hei whakarei ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere.
Ko ngā kaupapa pēnei i te whakamāoritanga ratonga matihiko, ngā hononga rautaki me ngā kamupene o te ao, me te kanorau pakihi kei runga i ngā hinengaro o ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE). Kei te akiaki tonu te kāwanatanga i ngā SOE ki te whai wāhi ki ngā kaupapa matomato hei tautoko i te whanaketanga pumau.
Whakamutunga
He pou nui whakaharahara ngā umanga kāwanatanga (SOE) mō te ōhanga ā-motu. Ehara i te mea he pou noa iho rātou mō te tipu ōhanga engari he tūranga nui anō hoki tā rātou ki te tohatoha tika i te whai rawa me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mō te hapori. Hei aro atu ki ngā wero o te heke mai, me haere tonu ngā SOE ki te auaha me te mahi tahi me ngā rōpū rerekē kia noho whai mana, kia whakataetae hoki i roto i te ōhanga o te ao e uaua haere ana.
Mā te tautoko o ngā ture e tika ana me te whakahaere ngaio, ka noho tonu ngā hinonga kāwanatanga hei rawa nui mō te iwi Initonīhia, e whakarato ana i ngā painga ehara i te mea mō te taha ōhanga engari mō te taha pāpori me te taha taiao hoki.
