Te Ariā a Irving Fisher mō te Tono Moni
Ko Irving Fisher tētahi o ngā tohunga ōhanga tino whai mana o tōna wā, inā koa i roto i te kaupapa here moni me te ariā rahinga o te moni. E mōhiotia tonutia ana āna takoha ki te ariā moni i ēnei rā, inā koa nā roto i tana whakawhanake i te whārite o te whakawhiti moni. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā a Irving Fisher mō te tono moni, e ahu mai ana i te tauira rahinga o te moni, me tōna hiranga i roto i te ōhanga o ēnei rā.
Te Papamuri o te Ariā Rahi o te Moni
Ko te ariā rahinga moni he ariā tawhito e hono ana i te nui o te moni e rere ana ki te taumata utu. Ko te tikanga, e kī ana tēnei ariā ka pā tika ngā panonitanga o te tuku moni i roto i te ōhanga ki te taumata utu. Nā Irving Fisher tēnei huarahi i whakawhānui ake mā te whakawhanake i tētahi tauira pāngarau e mōhiotia ana ko te whārite o te whakawhitiwhiti moni.
Whārite Whakawhiti
Nā Fisher i tito te ariā rahinga o te moni mā te whārite e whai ake nei:
\[ MV = PT \]
Anei:
– Ko te moni katoa e rere ana i roto i te ōhanga ko \( M \),
– Ko te tere o te tohanga moni ko te \( V \) , arā, te auau o te whakawhiti moni i roto i tētahi wā,
– Ko te taumata utu toharite te \( P \),
– Ko te \( T \) te rahinga o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga e puta ana i roto i te ōhanga.
Mā tēnei whārite, i kī a Fisher ko te hua o te tuku moni me tōna tere o te tohanga he ōrite ki te hua o te taumata utu me te rahinga o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga. E whakaatu ana tēnei whārite i tētahi taurite e whakaatu ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi moni me ngā taurangi tūturu. I tautohe a Fisher mēnā ka piki ake te nui o te moni \( M \), kāti ki te mea he pumau a \( V \) me \( T \), me piki te utu \( P \), he tohu tēnei mō te pikinga utu.
Te Tono mō te Moni i roto i te Ariā a Fisher
Ki tā Fisher titiro, he hononga tata te hiahia mō te moni ki tana mahi hei huarahi whakawhitiwhiti moni. I kite a Fisher kei te pupuri moni ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā umanga hei whakahaere i ngā tauwhitinga o ia rā. Nō reira, ko te hiahia mō te moni e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o ngā tauwhitinga (T) me te tere o te rere o te moni (V). Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te hiahia mō te moni penei:
\[ M_d = \frac{PT}{V} \]
I konei, ko te tono mō te moni te \( M_d \). I kī a Fisher i roto i tētahi ōhanga pumau, whai hua hoki, ka kiia te tere o te moni \( V \) he pumau, he matapaetia hoki. Nō reira, ko ngā huringa o te tono mō te moni ka whakatauhia tuatahitia e ngā huringa o te uara o ngā whakawhitiwhitinga \( T \).
Te Arotake me ngā Whakaaro Taketake
Ahakoa te āhua māmā me te arorau o tēnei tauira, he maha ngā whakahē mō ngā whakaaro taketake o te ariā a Fisher. Ko tētahi o ngā whakahē matua ko te whakaaro he pumau te tere o te moni \( V \). Ko te mea pono, ka taea e \( V \) te huri me ngā whanaketanga hangarau, ngā kaupapa here moni, me ngā huringa o ngā hiahia o te tangata ki te whakamahi moni me te nama.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kāore tēnei ariā e aro ki te tūranga o te moni hei putunga uara, hei ine hoki i te taonga. I roto i ngā ōhanga o ēnei rā, ka pupuri hoki te tangata i te moni hei momo haumi, hei inihua rānei mō te koretake o te ōhanga. Nō reira, ko te tono mō te moni ehara i te mea e pā ana ki tana mahi tauwhitinga anake engari ki ana mahi whakaaroaro me te ārai.
Te Hiranga ki te Horopaki Ōhanga o ēnei Rā
Ahakoa ngā whakahē mō te māmā o ōna whakaaro, kei te whai tikanga tonu te ariā a Irving Fisher mō te tono moni i roto i te horopaki ōhanga o ēnei rā, inā koa hei tīmatanga mō te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te moni me ngā utu. He maha ngā ariā moni o ēnei rā, tae atu ki te ariā Keynesian me te monetarism, kua whakawhanake i ngā ariā i ahu mai i te tauira taketake a Fisher.
I roto i tētahi ao e hono haere ana te ao whānui, me tētahi pūnaha pūtea e tino uaua haere ana, ka taea te awe i te tere o te moni (V) e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā auahatanga hangarau i roto i ngā pūnaha utu matihiko, ngā kaupapa here tāke, me ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū me te pāpori. Heoi anō, he mea āwhina tonu ngā kaupapa o ngā whakaaro a Fisher i roto i te tātari i te tuku me te tono mō te moni me te kaupapa here moni.
Whakamutunga
Ko te ariā a Irving Fisher mō te tono moni, i whakawhanakehia mā te whārite o te whakawhitiwhiti moni, e whakarato ana i te pūtake mō ngā ariā ōhanga moni maha. Mā te mārama ki te taunekeneke a ngā taurangi pēnei i te tuku moni, ngā utu, te rahinga tauwhitinga, me te tere o te moni ka whakaratohia he māramatanga nui ki ngā ōhanga whānui me ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga.
Ahakoa he māmā noa iho tēnei ariā, ā, me whakarerekē nui kia urutau ai ki ngā uauatanga o te ōhanga hou, he taputapu tātari whai hua ngā mātāpono taketake a Fisher. Mā te mārama ki ēnei kaupapa matua, ka taea e ngā kaipūtea me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here te whakatere pai ake i ngā wero ōhanga me te whakatakoto kaupapa here hei āwhina i te whakahaere i te tuku moni me te pupuri i te pumau ōhanga.
Nā ngā akoranga i akohia mai i te ariā a Fisher, kua pai ake ngā taputapu a ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ki te mārama ki te pānga o ā rātou mahi ki te pikinga utu, te tipu ōhanga, me te pumau pūtea. Nā tēnei ka noho tonu te taonga tuku iho a Fisher hei mea nui, hei mea nui hoki i roto i ngā kōrero hou mō te ariā o te tuku me te tono moni.
