He whakamārama mō te tupuni Andromeda
Ko te tupuni Andromeda, e mōhiotia ana ko M31, te tupuni porowhita nui rawa atu i roto i tō tātou tupuni ā-rohe, ā, ko te tupuni nui tata rawa atu ki te Milky Way. Kei te tata ki te 2,537 miriona tau-mārama mai i te Ao, ka tukuna e Andromeda he tirohanga whakamiharo ki te ao tūroa, e hoatu ana ki ngā kaimātai whetū he nui ngā tirohanga ki te ao whānui.
Te Takenga Mai o te Ingoa
I ahu mai te ingoa "Andromeda" i ngā kōrero tuku iho Kariki, e pā ana ki te tamāhine a Cassiopeia rāua ko Cepheus. I whiriwhiria tēnei ingoa nā te mea kei roto te tupuni i tētahi rohe o te rangi e kiia nei ko te whetū Andromeda. I ngā wā onamata, i te wā e whakahuatia ana a Andromeda e te tangata, e pā ana rātou ki tētahi rangatira pūrākau. Heoi, i te whanaketanga o te arorangi, kua mōhiotia whānuitia a Andromeda hei tupuni nui, nui hoki i waho o te Milky Way.
Hanganga me ngā Āhuatanga
He tupuni porowhita nui te Ara o Andromeda, he rite ki te Ara o te Miraka, engari he nui ake. Ko tōna whānui he tata ki te 220,000 tau-mārama, ki te whakaritea ki te whānui o te Ara o te Miraka, he tata ki te 100,000 tau-mārama. E kiia ana kei roto i te Tupuni Andromeda he kotahi tiriona whetū, he rua te maha o ngā whetū o te Ara o te Miraka, e kiia ana he tata ki te 200 piriona ki te 400 piriona.
Ko te hanganga o tēnei tupuni he uho matotoru, he ringa porotaka, he āwhiowhio o ngā whetū, me te mea pōuri. Kei roto i te uho o te tupuni Andromeda he nui ngā whetū tawhito, ā, kei waenganui ko tētahi pōka pango nui rawa atu e rite ana ki te mea kei waenganui o te Ara Mākūkū. Kei roto i ngā ringa porotaka o Andromeda he maha ngā whetū taitamariki me ngā rohe hanga whetū.
Ko te tupuni Andromeda, me tō tātou ake tupuni, he wāhanga o te Kāhui Tupuni ā-Rohe, e 54 pea ngā tupuni tae atu ki ētahi atu tupuni iti ake e karapoti ana i a Andromeda me te Ara Milky.
Te Nekehanga me te Taunekeneke ki te Ara o te Miraka
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamīharo o te tupuni Andromeda ko tōna nekehanga e pā ana ki te Ara Maikoriko. Kei te whakatata atu a Andromeda ki tō tātou tupuni i te tere o te 110 kiromita ia hekona (km/s). Ko te tikanga tēnei, i roto i te 4,5 piriona tau, ka tukinga a Andromeda me te Ara Maikoriko ka hanumi hei tupuni kotahi, nui.
E whakaatu ana ngā whakatauira rorohiko kāore tēnei tukinga e whakangaro tonu i ngā whetū, engari ka huri i te āhua o ngā hanganga o ngā tupuni e rua me ō rātou kapua hau me te puehu, ka puta he pahūtanga o te hanganga whetū hou. Ina hanumi ngā tupuni e rua, e matapaetia ana ka hangaia he tupuni porowhita nui e tapaina ana e ētahi kaipūtaiao ko "Milkomeda" ko "Milkdromeda" rānei.
Hītori o te Mātakitaki
Kua mōhiotia te tupuni Andromeda mai anō i ngā wā onamata, ā, i whakaahuahia tuatahitia e te tohunga whetū Pāhia, a Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi, i te rautau 10 i roto i tana pukapuka "Kitab al-Kawākib al-Thābitah" (Pukapuka o ngā Whetu Pūmau). I kīia e Al-Sufi te tupuni he "kapua iti".
Ahakoa i mōhiotia mō te wā roa, i te rautau 20 anake i mōhiotia ai tēnei tupuni hei kohinga whetū takitahi. I mua, i whakaarohia a Andromeda he nebula i roto i tō tātou tupuni. Nā Edwin Hubble, he tohunga whetū o Amerika, i whakatau ko Andromeda he tupuni whakamiharo i ngā tau 1920. Mā te whakamahi i te karu tiro Hooker 100-inihi i te Whare Tirotiro o Mount Wilson, i kitea e Hubble he maha ngā taurangi Cepheid i roto i te tupuni Andromeda. Mā te tatau i ngā tawhiti ki ēnei taurangi Cepheid, i whakaatu a Hubble kei tua atu a Andromeda i te Milky Way, ā, nā reira i whakaatu ko Andromeda he tupuni anō tōna.
Te Hiranga o te Rangahau mō Andromeda
Mā te ako i a Andromeda ka taea e ngā kaitātari whetū te whai tauira mō te mārama ki ētahi atu tupua whetu porowhita. Mā te ako i ngā nekehanga o ngā whetū me te tohatoha o ngā mea i roto i a Andromeda ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga o ngā tupua whetu porowhita whānui.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, mā te mārama ki te taunekeneke a Andromeda me te Milky Way ā muri ake nei ka mārama ake ai ki te heke mai pea o ngā tupua whetu porowhita pēnei i a tātou. Nā ngā mātakitakitanga ultraviolet me te infrared o Andromeda kua whakarei ake i tō tātou māramatanga ki te hanganga whetū me te whanaketanga whetū i roto i ngā tupua whetu porowhita.
Mā ngā tirohanga taipitopito atu o te tupuni Andromeda ka whakaratohia he tohu anō mō te mea pōuri. Ka taea te whakarite i te tohatoha o te mea pōuri i Andromeda ki tērā o te Milky Way hei hanga tauira tika ake mō te taunekeneke a te mea pōuri i runga i te tauine tupuni.
Andromeda i roto i ngā Rangahau o Nāianei
I ēnei rā, kei te noho tonu a Andromeda hei wāhi tirotiro nui mā te whakamahi i ngā momo hangarau matatau, tae atu ki ngā karu tiro ātea pērā i te Hubble Space Telescope me ngā karu tiro whenua. Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau hōhonu kia pai ake ai te mārama ki te hanganga, te nekehanga, me te whanaketanga o tēnei tupuni.
Ko tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o te rangahau a Andromeda ko te mahere i te āwhiowhio o te tupuni me te mārama ki ngā huihuinga kai tangata o mua, i reira e whakaarohia ana kua kainga e ngā tupuni nunui pērā i a Andromeda ngā mea iti ake. Mā tēnei ka mārama ki ngā tikanga tipu o ngā tupuni porowhita nunui pērā i a Andromeda me te Milky Way.
Whakamutunga
Ko te tupuni Andromeda te tupuni porowhita nui rawa atu, me te mea tata rawa atu ki te Ara Maikoriko, e tuku ana i ngā akoranga nui ki ngā kaimātai whetū mō te hanganga, te whanaketanga, me te heke mai o ngā tupuni. He nui ake te whānui me te rua o te maha o ngā whetū i tō te Ara Maikoriko, e whakarato ana a Andromeda i ngā māramatanga nui mō te mahi me te whanaketanga o ngā tupuni nunui.
Mā te rangahau hōhonu o Andromeda ka huaki tonu ngā tatau ki te māramatanga whānui mō te ao tūroa, mai i te nekehanga o ngā whetū ki ngā taunekeneke o te mea pōuri. Kei te whakatata a Andromeda me te Milky Way tetahi ki tetahi, ehara i te mea ko te tawhiti ā-tinana anake, engari ko te māramatanga hoki ki te ao whānui. Nā tēnei ka waiho a Andromeda hei tetahi o ngā mea tino whakamīharo me te mea nui i roto i te ao whetū.
