Haumea me Makemake i roto i te Ahurangi
I waenganui i te whānuitanga o te Pūnaha Rā, kei reira ngā ao iti e kopikopiko ana i tua atu i te porowhita o Neptune. Kāore ēnei ao i te tino mōhiotia pērā i ngā aorangi nunui pērā i a Hūpiter, i a Hātana rānei, engari kei a rātou ngā tohu nui mō te hītori tōmua o te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā. E rua o ēnei ko Haumea me Makemake, e kiia ana he aorangi iti. Ahakoa te iti o te rahi, kua noho rāua hei kaupapa ako i roto i te ao whetū o ēnei rā nā ō rāua āhuatanga ā-tinana ahurei, ō rāua porowhita tino tawhiti, me tō rāua tūranga ki te mārama ki te taupori o ngā mea rangi i te rohe o te Kuiper Belt.
Ngā aorangi iti me te horopaki o te Kuiper Belt
I rongonui te kupu aorangi iti i muri i te whakataunga a te International Astronomical Union (IAU) i te tau 2006, i whakarerekē ai hoki i te tūnga o Pluto. He māmā noa iho, ko te aorangi iti he tinana tiretiera e porowhita ana i te Rā, he nui te rahi kia tata porowhita (i roto i te taurite hydrostatic), engari kāore e "whakakore" i ētahi atu mea i tōna rohe porowhita. Kei roto a Haumea me Makemake i te Kuiper Belt, he rohe kei roto ngā mano tini o ngā mea hukapapa me ngā mea toka i mahue mai i te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā i te 4,6 piriona tau ki muri.
He rite te mahi a te Whitiki Kuiper ki tētahi "pūranga ao." Nā te mea he tawhiti rawa atu i te Rā, kāore i rerekē ngā mea o reira ki ngā mea e tata atu ana ki te Rā. Ko te mārama ki a Haumea me Makemake ko te whai i te hītori o te hanganga o te aorangi, ngā hekenga porowhita o ngā aorangi nunui, me ngā āhuatanga tukinga i hanga i te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā o waho.
Haumea: he aorangi iti āhua ahurei
Ko Haumea tētahi o ngā aorangi iti tino rerekē e mōhiotia ana. I kitea i te tīmatanga o te tau 2000 (nā te panuitanga o te kitenga i puta ai he tautohetohe i roto i te hapori arorangi), ā, nō muri mai ka tapaina ko Haumea, i muri i te atua wahine o Hawai'i mō te momonatanga me te whānautanga. I whiriwhiria tēnei ingoa nā te āhua hua o Haumea—e mōhiotia ana he amiorangi kei roto, me tētahi whānau o ngā kongakonga e whakaarohia ana i ahu mai i ngā pānga.
Ko te mea tino whakamiharo mō Haumea ko tōna āhua. Kāore i rite ki te nuinga o ngā aorangi iti, he porowhita te āhua, he rite te āhua o Haumea ki te pōro whutupōro, ki te porowhita roa rānei. Ko te take matua o tēnei āhua tino nui ko tōna hurihanga tino tere. He tere ake te hurihanga o Haumea i ētahi atu aorangi iti, ka puta te kaha o te porotītaha hei "pupū" i ētahi wāhanga, hei roa hoki i ētahi atu. I roto i te ao whetū, he tauira tēnei āhuatanga mō te pānga o te hurihanga ki te taurite o te āhua o te tinana rangi.
Haunga tōna āhua, e mōhiotia ana hoki a Haumea he mowhiti tōna—he āhuatanga e pā ana ki ngā aorangi nunui pērā i a Hātū. He mea miharo te kitenga o ngā mowhiti i Haumea nā te mea e kī ana ehara ngā pūnaha mowhiti i te mea motuhake ki ngā aorangi nunui. Ko ēnei mowhiti pea i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi i panaia e ngā tukinga, e ngā mahi hihiri rānei i te taha o Haumea, ahakoa kāore anō kia whakatauhia te tikanga tuturu.
Ngā amiorangi me te “whānau Haumea”
E rua pea ngā marama e mōhiotia ana i Haumea, ko Hiʻiaka rāua ko Namaka. Mā te noho mai o ēnei marama ka taea e ngā tohunga whetū te tatau i te papatipu o Haumea me te whakatau tata i tōna hanganga. I runga i ngā inenga papatipu me te rahi, e whakaarohia ana he nui te nui o ngā toka o Haumea ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu mea o te Kuiper Belt, engari ko tōna mata o waho te āhua nei he hukapapa wai te nuinga.
Ko tētahi atu kitenga tino whakamere ko te noho o tētahi rōpū mea i roto i te Whitiki Kuiper, ā, he rite tonu ō rātou porowhita me ō rātou āhuatanga hihi ki ō Haumea. E kiia ana tēnei rōpū ko te "whānau Haumea," he rite ki te ariā o ngā whānau asteroid i roto i te Whitiki Asteroid. Ko te whakapae matua ko tēnei whānau i puta mai i tētahi pānga nui i ngā wā o mua, i pakaru ai tētahi wāhanga o ngā paparanga o waho o Haumea, ā, i tukuna ngā kongakonga ki ngā porowhita ōrite. Mēnā he pono, ka whakaratohia he taunakitanga he nui anō te mahi a ngā pānga nui i roto i te Pūnaha Rā o waho, ehara i te mea ko te whitiki asteroid e tata ana ki a Mars me Jupiter anake.
Makemake: he ao makariri me te tuakiri motuhake
I kitea a Makemake i te tau 2005, ā, i tapaina ki te ingoa o te atua kaihanga i roto i te tikanga o Rapa Nui (Te Moutere o te Īta). He rongonui ia mō te mea ko tētahi o ngā taonga nui rawa atu i kitea i roto i te Kuiper Belt, i muri i a Pluto rāua ko Eris. Ahakoa e mōhiotia ana a Haumea mō tōna āhua me tōna hurihuri, e tū motuhake ana a Makemake mō tōna kanapa me tōna hanganga mata whakamere.
E whakaatu ana te mata o Makemake i ngā tohu o te methane tio me ētahi atu hukapapa. Mā tēnei methane mata ka tino whakaata a Makemake, ka āhua kanapa ake i ētahi atu mea rite. Ki ngā kaitātari whetū, he mea nui tēnei hanganga nā te mea e tohu ana i ngā tukanga matū e puta ana i ngā pāmahana tino iti. Ko te taunekeneke o te hihi o te rā (ahakoa he ngoikore i ngā tawhiti o te Kuiper Belt) me ngā matūriki kaha-nui mai i te wāhi i waenga i ngā whetu ka taea te huri i ngā hukapapa hei rauemi rauropi matatini, ka hanga he paparanga pouri e kiia ana he tholins i runga i ngā mata o ngā mea hukapapa.
He mea ngaro anō hoki a Makemake nā te mea kua roa te wā kāore i te mōhiotia he amiorangi kei reira. Heoi anō, i kitea he amiorangi iti (e kiia ana ko MK2 i ngā tuhinga o mua). Nā te aroaro o te amiorangi i āwhina ki te whakatikatika i ngā whakatau tata mō te papatipu me te mātotoru o Makemake, ā, nā tēnā i whakamārama te āhua o tōna hanganga o roto: he ranunga hukapapa me te toka i roto i ngā ōwehenga motuhake.
Āhuarangi: he aha i rerekē ai?
Ko tētahi o ngā pātai whakamere mō ngā aorangi iti i roto i te Kuiper Belt ko te āhua o ō rātou āhuarangi. He angiangi engari he motuhake te āhuarangi hauota o Pluto, engari ko Makemake te āhua nei kāore he āhuarangi matotoru o te ao, kāore i rite ki a Pluto. Ko tētahi take ko te rerekētanga o te papatipu, te pāmahana o te mata, me te kaha o te kaha ā-papa ki te pupuri i ngā hau. Hei tāpiri, he maha ngā wā ka rerekē ngā āhuarangi o ngā ao tawhiti: i te whakatata atu o tētahi mea ki te Rā i runga i tōna porowhita porowhita, ka taea e te hukapapa te huri hei hau, ka hanga he āhuarangi rangitahi; i a ia e neke atu ana, ka hoki te hau ki te mata.
Kāore hoki a Haumea i te mōhiotia he āhuarangi nui tōna, me tōna mata wai-hukapapa me ōna āhuatanga motuhake. E whakaatu ana tēnei kāore ngā "whānau" o ngā aorangi iti i te ōrite tonu; he rerekē te hītori wera, te pānga, me te whanaketanga o te mata o ia aorangi.
Te tūranga o Haumea rāua ko Makemake i roto i te pūtaiao aorangi o ēnei rā
Mā te ako i a Haumea me Makemake ka āwhina i ngā kaimātai whetū ki te whakautu i ētahi pātai matua:
1. Me pēhea te hanganga o ngā aorangi?
He toenga o ngā rauemi i hanga ai ngā aorangi ngā mea o te Whitiki Kuiper. Mā ēnei mea ka āwhina i te hanga anō i ngā āhuatanga o te Pūnaha Rā o mua.
2. Kia pēhea te auau o ngā tukinga nui i te taha waho o te Pūnaha Rā?
Ko te whānau whetū o Haumea e tohu ana i tētahi pānga nui ka taea te whakapēke, te hurihuri, me te whakaputa maramara.
3. Me pēhea te whanaketanga o te mata o tētahi mea hukapapa?
Ko te methane me ngā matū matatini i Makemake, me te hukapapa wai matua i Haumea, e whakarato ana i ngā tohu mō te tukatuka irahiko me ngā huringa matū mō te wā roa.
4. He aha te pānga o te hekenga o tētahi aorangi nunui ki ngā nekehanga porowhita?
Ko ngā porowhita o ngā mea o te Whitiki Kuiper e whakaata ana i te hītori o te hekenga o Neptune me ngā taunekeneke ā-papa mō te wā roa.
Ngā wero o te mātakitaki me te heke mai o te rangahau
Nā te tawhiti rawa atu, he uaua ki te ako taipitopito i a Haumea rāua ko Makemake. Ko te nuinga o ngā raraunga e ahu mai ana i ngā karu tiro nui o te Ao, i ngā tirohanga whero-whero, me ngā tikanga pēnei i te huna o ngā whetu—ina haere tetahi mea i mua i te whetu, ā, ka ārai i tōna māramatanga mō tētahi wā poto. Kua āwhina ngā tikanga huna i te ine i te rahi, te āhua o Haumea, tae atu ki te kite i ngā mowhiti.
Ki te titiro whakamua, ka taea e ngā whakatupuranga hou o ngā karu tiro me ngā misioni ātea pea ki te Kuiper Belt te whakawhānui ake i tō tātou māramatanga. Mēnā ka toro atu tētahi waka rererangi pērā i a New Horizons ki tētahi mea he rite te rahi ki a Makemake, ki a Haumea rānei, tera pea ka mārama ake ngā taipitopito o tōna mata, te whenua, me te hanganga o roto.
Te Katinga
He tauira kaha a Haumea rāua ko Makemake mō te nui ake o te Pūnaha Rā i ngā aorangi matua e waru anake. I ngā taha pōuri, makariri, ka whakaatu puku ēnei aorangi iti i ngā wāhanga tōmua o te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā. He mea whakamīharo a Haumea me tōna āhua rerekē, te tere o te hurihanga, ngā mowhiti, me te whānau o ngā kongakonga. He mea whakamīharo a Makemake mō tōna kanapa me tōna hanganga huka methane ahurei. E whakarei ake ana ēnei i te māramatanga o te tātai arorangi mō ngā āhuatanga, te matū, me te hītori whanaketanga o ngā tinana iti i roto i te Pūnaha Rā o waho—he rohe kei reira ngā whakautu maha mō ngā takenga mai o tō tātou ao.
