Ko te Marama hei Amiorangi mō te Ao
Ko te Marama anake te amiorangi tūturu o te Ao, ā, ko ia te mea tata rawa atu ki tō tātou aorangi. Ehara i te mea ko tōna aroaro anake te mea e whakapaipai ana i te rangi pō, engari he pānga anō hoki ki ngā āhuatanga taiao maha e whai tikanga ana ki te ora, pērā i ngā tai moana, te pumau o te tuaka hurihuri o te Ao, me te manawataki o te wā i roto i te ahurea tangata. Mai anō i ngā wā onamata, kua noho te Marama hei taonga mātakitaki, hei taonga pūrākau, hei taonga mātauranga hoki. Nā te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao hou, kua noho hoki te Marama hei wāhi mō te tūhuratanga ātea, e whakatuwhera ana i ngā māramatanga hou ki te hītori o te Pūnaha Rā.
Te Mōhio ki te Marama: Ngā Āhuatanga Whānui me ngā Āhuatanga
E porowhita ana te Marama i te Ao i te tawhiti toharite o te 384.400 kiromita. Ki te whakatauritea ki te Ao, he nui te Marama mō tētahi amiorangi, ā, ko tōna whānui he 3.474 kiromita pea—tata ki te hauwhā o te whānui o te Ao. Ko te taumaha o te Marama he tata ki te 1/81 o te taumaha o te Ao, nō reira he iti ake tōna kaha ā-papatipu. Nō reira, ka māmā ake te ahua o taua mea i runga i te mata o te Marama.
He hina te āhua o te mata o te Marama, ā, he maha ngā rua kua tohua ki roto. Kāore i rite ki a Papatūānuku, he matotoru te āhuarangi, ā, he kaha te pirau o te whenua, kāore rawa he āhuarangi o te Marama, nō reira ka roa te mau o ngā tohu o ngā pānga o ngā meteor me ngā huringa o te mata. Haunga ngā rua, kei reira anō ngā "maria," arā, ngā moana o te marama—he mania whānui, pōuriuri ehara i te moana wai, engari he wāhi i kī tonu i te rangitoto papatahi mai i ngā mahi puia tawhito.
Te Pūtake o te Marama: Ngā Ariā mō tōna Hanganga
Ko tētahi o ngā ariā e tino whakaaetia ana mō te hanganga o te Marama ko te whakapae pānga nui. E ai ki tēnei ariā, tata ki te 4,5 piriona tau ki muri, i tukinga tētahi mea rite te rahi ki a Māte (e kiia ana ko Theia) ki te Papatūānuku taitamariki. Nā te tukinga i maka ngā rauemi mai i te koroka o Papatūānuku me te mea pānga ki te porowhita, ā, i reira ka piri haere tahi hei hanga i te Marama.
E tautokona ana tēnei ariā e ētahi taunakitanga, pērā i te ōrite o te hanganga isotopic o ngā toka o te marama ki ngā toka o Papatūānuku. Heoi, kei te rangahau tonu ngā kaipūtaiao i ngā taipitopito o te kaupapa, nā te mea kei te mārama tonu ētahi āhuatanga, pērā i te whānuitanga o te takoha a te kaipatu me te pēhea i konatunatua ai.
Te Nekehanga o te Marama: Te Hurihanga, Te Hurihanga, me te Maukati Tai
E rua ngā nekehanga matua o te Marama: te hurihuri i runga i tōna tuaka (hurihuri) me te huri i te Ao (hurihuri). He mea whakamīharo, he rite tonu te wā hurihuri o te Marama ki tōna hurihanga, tata ki te 27,3 rā. Nō reira, ka anga tonu te Marama ki te taha kotahi ki te Ao. Ka kiia tēnei āhuatanga ko te hurihanga tukutahi, ko te raka tai rānei.
Koia te take e kite noa ai te tangata i runga i te Ao i te "taha tata" o te Marama. I muri i te whanaketanga o te hangarau waka rererangi, ka kitea mārama te "taha tawhiti" o te Marama. Heoi, he maha ngā wā ka hē te mārama ki te kupu "taha pōuri"—inaa, ka whiwhi ngā taha katoa o te Marama i te hihi o te rā, engari kāore tetahi taha e kitea tika mai i te Ao.
Ngā Āhua o te Marama me ō rātou Pānga ki te Ao
Nā ngā panonitanga o te tūranga o te Marama ki a Papatūānuku me te Rā i puta ai ngā āhua o te Marama. Ina kei waenganui i a Papatūānuku me te Rā te Marama, ka kite tātou i a ia hei marama hou, engari ina kei te ritenga atu o te Rā te Marama, ka kite tātou i te marama katoa. I waenganui, kei reira ngā āhua hauwhā me ngā āhua marama-iti.
He mea nui ngā āhua o te Marama ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga tangata. Mai anō i ngā wā onamata, kua whakamahia e te tangata te maramataka o te marama hei whakatau i ngā wā whakato, ngā kawa whakapono, tae atu ki ngā maramataka tuku iho. Tae noa ki ēnei rā, kei te whai whakaaro tonu ētahi pūnaha maramataka ki te huringa o te Marama, inā koa i te whakatau i ētahi hararei nui.
Ngā Tai Moana: Te Pānga o te Āhuatanga o te Marama
Ko tētahi o ngā awe tino kitea o te Marama ki te Ao ko ngā tai o te moana. Ka kukume te kaha ā-papa o te Marama i te wai o te Ao, ka puta he pupuhi i te taha e anga atu ana ki te Marama. I taua wā anō, ka pupuhi hoki te taha kē o te Ao nā te kaha o te pūnaha o te Ao-Marama. Nō reira, he maha ngā takutai moana e pāngia ana e ngā tai nui e rua, e ngā tai iti e rua i te rā.
Haunga te Marama, he pānga anō hoki te Rā ki ngā tai, ahakoa kāore i te tino nui tōna pānga nā te tawhiti. Ina tū te Rā me te Marama (i te wā o ngā marama hou me ngā marama kī), ka teitei ake ngā tai, e kiia nei ko ngā tai puna. Ina hanga he koki matau (hauwhā wāhanga), ka iti iho ngā tai, e kiia nei ko ngā tai hou.
Te Marama me te Pūmautanga o Papatūānuku
He mahi anō tā te Marama ki te pupuri i te pumau o te tuaka hurihuri o te Ao. Ki te kore te Marama, e matapaetia ana ka nui ake ngā huringa nui o te tuaka o te Ao nā te awe o ētahi atu aorangi, inā koa ko Hūpiter. Mā tēnei huringa nui o te honga ka arahi pea ki ngā rerekētanga nui o te āhuarangi, ka uaua pea te tupu o te ora e mōhiotia ana e tātou.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te āta neke te Marama i te Ao mā te torutoru henimita ia tau nā runga i ngā taunekeneke tai. Ka āta whakawhitihia te kaha hurihuri o te Ao ki te porowhita o te Marama, ka āta piki haere hoki te roa o te rā o te Ao i roto i ngā tauine whenua.
Te Mata o te Marama: Ngā Ana, te Regolith, me ngā Tohu o te Hītori
Kua taupokina te mata o te Marama e te paparanga puehu me ngā kongakonga toka e kiia nei ko te regolith. Ka puta te Regolith mai i ngā pānga o ngā meteor i roto i ngā piriona tau. Nā te mea kāore he āhuarangi matotoru, ka taea e ngā meteor iti te tae ki te mata me te pānga. Ko ngā rua nui pērā i a Tycho rāua ko Copernicus he tohu mō te hītori roa o ngā tukinga i waenga i ngā tinana o te rangi.
Kei ngā pou o te Marama, kei reira ngā rua e kore e kitea tika mai i te rā. Ka kiia ēnei wāhi ko ngā "rohe atarangi tonu" ā, e whakaarohia ana kei reira te hukapapa wai. He mea nui te kitenga o tēnei hukapapa wai, nā te mea ka taea e ia te tautoko i ngā mahere tūhuratanga mō te wā roa me te whakamahinga pea o ngā rauemi mō ngā misioni tangata.
Te Tūhuratanga o te Marama: Mai i a Apollo ki te Wā Hou
I eke te tūhuratanga o te marama ki tōna taumata teitei i te wā i tau ai ngā tāngata ki raro i ngā misioni Apollo a NASA i te tau 1969. Nā ngā rangahau o ngā toka i whakahokia mai i homai he kōrero nui mō te pakeke o te Marama, tōna hanganga, me tōna hītori whenua. I muri i te wā Apollo, i haere tonu te tūhuratanga me ngā misioni karetao maha mai i ngā whenua maha.
I tēnei ao hou, kua noho anō te Marama hei wāhi nui mō te rangahau pūtaiao, hei taahiraa tuatahi hoki ki te tūhuratanga o Tāwhirimātea. Ko te kaupapa Artemis a NASA, me ngā misioni mai i Haina, Inia, me ētahi atu whenua, e whakaatu ana i te tipu haere o te hiahia ki te Marama. E kitea ana te Marama hei "taiwhanga taiao" mō te ako i te hītori o te Pūnaha Rā me te whakamātautau i ngā hangarau tūhuratanga ātea.
Te Marama i roto i te Oranga me te Ahurea o te Tangata
Haunga tōna tūranga i roto i te pūtaiao, he tūranga nui tō te Marama i roto i te ahurea. He maha ngā iwi kua hono i te Marama ki ngā tohu o te momonatanga, te wā, tae atu ki ngā kōrero tuku iho. Kua whakaaweawehia hoki e te Marama ngā mahi toi, ngā tuhinga, me ngā waiata. Mai i ngā pūrākau wuruhi ki ngā whakanuinga o te marama katoa, he wāhanga o te whakaaro o te tangata te Marama.
I tētahi atu taha, he awe anō hoki te Marama i te oranga o ēnei rā i roto i ngā huarahi mahi, pērā i te whakatere o mua, ngā maramataka, me ngā rangahau tai mō te hī ika me te kaipuke. Nā te kitea o te Marama e hanga ana hei piriti i waenga i ngā wheako o ia rā me te māramatanga whetū.
Te Katinga
Hei amiorangi o te Ao, ehara te Marama i te whetu noa iho i te rangi pō. He wāhanga nui ia o te pūnaha o te Ao, e whai pānga ana ki ngā moana, te āhuarangi, me te pumau o tō tātou ao. Kei te Marama anō hoki he tuhinga mō te hītori o te Pūnaha Rā e uaua ana ki te kite i runga i te Ao nā te mea kei te huri tonu te mata o te Ao nā ngā mahi whenua me te āhuarangi. Nā te pikinga ake o te tūhuratanga hou, ehara i te mea he tohu ataahua me te mea ngaro te Marama, engari he kī hoki ki te mārama ki te hītori o te Ao me te iriti i ngā āheinga o te heke mai o te tangata i te wāhi ātea.
