He Aorangi Papatahi a Ceres
Ko Ceres tētahi o ngā mea tino whakamīharo o te Pūnaha Rā, nā tōna tūnga ahurei me te roa o te hītori o te kitenga. Kei waenganui i ngā porowhita o Mars me Jupiter a Ceres e noho ana i tētahi rohe e mōhiotia ana ko te Whitiki Asteroid. Ahakoa kei roto i te whitiki asteroid, ehara a Ceres i te toka ātea noa iho: koia te aorangi iti tuatahi i kitea, ā, ko ia anake i roto i te Pūnaha Rā o roto. Mā tōna noho ka āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te mārama ki te hanganga o ngā aorangi, me pēhea te oranga o te wai i te ātea, me pēhea hoki te puta o ngā tukanga whenua i runga i ngā tinana iti o te rangi.
Hītori o te Kitenga o Ceres
I kitea a Ceres i te 1 o Hānuere, 1801, e te tohunga whetū Itari a Giuseppe Piazzi. I puta tēnei kitenga i te wā i whakapae ai ngā tohunga whetū he "aorangi ngaro" i waenganui i a Māte me Hūpiter. I te kitenga o Piazzi i tētahi wāhi nekeneke i te rangi kāore i rite ki ngā whetū pumau, ka mōhio ia he mea hou. Nō muri mai ka tapaina te mea ko "Ceres" i muri i te atua wahine ahuwhenua o Rōma, ā, i honoa ki te moutere o Sicily, te wāhi i mahi ai a Piazzi.
He mea whakamīharo, kua rerekē te tūnga o Ceres. I te tīmatanga o te rautau 19, i kiia a Ceres he aorangi nā te mea he nui ake i ētahi atu asteroids i mōhiotia i taua wā. Heoi, i te kitenga o ngā mea maha atu i te rohe kotahi, ka tīmata ngā tohunga whetū ki te whakarōpū i a ia hei asteroid nui rawa atu. Tae noa ki te tau 2006, i te wā i whakaurua ai e te International Astronomical Union (IAU) tētahi whakamāramatanga hou mō tētahi aorangi, ka whiwhi a Ceres i te tūnga mana hei "aorangi iti."
He aha i kiia ai a Ceres he aorangi iti?
E ai ki te whakamāramatanga a te IAU, ka kiia he aorangi te tinana rangi mēnā e tutuki ana i a ia ētahi whakaritenga e toru: e porowhita ana i te Rā, he nui te taumaha hei pupuri i te āhua porowhita (taurite wai), ā, kua whakakorea e ia ētahi atu mea i tōna rohe porowhita. E tutuki ana i a Ceres ngā whakaritenga tuatahi e rua: e porowhita ana i te Rā, ā, he porowhita. Heoi, kāore a Ceres e tutuki i te whakaritenga tuatoru nā te mea kei roto tōna porowhita i te Whitiki Asteroid, he rohe kī tonu i ngā mea ririki. Nō reira, ka whakarōpūtia a Ceres hei aorangi iti.
Mā tēnei tūnga ka whakanoho a Ceres i a Pluto, i a Eris, i a Haumea, me Makemake ki te rōpū kotahi, ahakoa he rerekē a Ceres nā te mea kei te tata atu ia ki te Rā i ērā atu aorangi iti, ko te nuinga kei roto i te Kuiper Belt, kei tawhiti atu rānei.
Rahi, Papatipu, me ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana
Ko te whānui o Ceres he tata ki te 940 kiromita, koia te mea nui rawa atu i roto i te whitiki asteroid. Heoi, ki te whakaritea ki ngā aorangi nui, he iti tonu—tae atu ki te Marama o Papatūānuku he tata ki te 3.474 kiromita te whānui, neke atu i te toru ngā wā te rahi atu i a Ceres.
Ko te papatipu o Ceres he tata ki te hautoru o te papatipu katoa o te Whitiki Asteroid, e tohu ana i tōna mana i te rohe. Ko tōna āhua porowhita tata nei e tohu ana he kaha tōna kaha ā-roto ki te "tō" i ngā rauemi ki roto i te āhua porowhita, he rerekē ki te nuinga o ngā asteroid, he āhua koretake.
He pōuri te āhua o te mata o Ceres ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu mea. E whakaarohia ana nā te hanganga o tōna mata, he ranunga o ngā kohuke, ngā tote, me ngā rauemi whai waro te take. He tino iti te pāmahana o Ceres, ā, nā te tawhiti rawa atu i te Rā, he ngoikore ake te hihi o te rā i reira i tō Papatūānuku.
Hanganga ā-roto me te Ihirangi Wai Pea
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamīharo o Ceres ko te tohu kaha kei roto he wai. E ai ki ngā rangahau he paparanga hukapapa kei raro i te mata o Ceres, ā, tera pea he tote kei roto, kei roto tonu rānei. E tautokona ana tēnei whakapae e ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana i te aroaro o ngā kohuke i hangaia i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakarerekētanga wai, pērā i ētahi kohuke uku.
Mena he nui te wai kei roto i a Ceres—ahakoa he hukapapa, he wai tote rānei—ka waiho hei kaupapa nui mō te mārama ki te tohatoha o te wai i roto i te Pūnaha Rā. Ka ara ake anō hoki tētahi pātai nui ake: i whai taiao a Ceres i tautoko i ngā tukanga matū uaua, i ngā āhuatanga rānei i taea ai te tautoko i te oranga moroiti i mua? Ahakoa kāore anō kia kitea he taunakitanga mō te ora, ko te noho noa o te wai ka waiho a Ceres hei whāinga matua mō te rangahau.
Te Mihana o te Ata: Te Wetewete i ngā Mea Ngaro a Ceres
He nui ake tō mātou māramatanga ki a Ceres nā te misioni Dawn a NASA. I whakarewaina te waka mokowhiti Dawn i te tau 2007, ā, koia te misioni tuatahi i huri haere i ngā tinana rangi e rua: te asteroid Vesta me te aorangi iti Ceres. I tīmata a Dawn ki te huri haere i a Ceres i te tau 2015, ā, kua whakahokia mai e ia ngā raraunga taipitopito mō tōna mata, tōna kaha ā-papa, me tōna hanganga.
Ko tētahi o ngā kitenga rongonui a Dawn ko te kitea o ngā "ira kanapa" i roto i te rua o Occator. I puta mai ēnei ira he rite ki ngā ira mā i runga i te mata o Ceres, ā, i puta ai he whakapae nui i te tīmatanga. Whai muri i te tātaritanga, i mārama ko ngā ira kanapa he putunga tote, ko te nuinga ko te konutai waro, i ahu mai pea i tētahi wai tote i piki ake ki te mata, kātahi ka mimiti, ka waiho te tote hei toenga. E kī ana tēnei kitenga he nui ake pea ngā mahi whenua o Ceres i tērā i whakaarohia mō tētahi tinana iti pēnei.
Haunga a Occator, i kitea anō e Dawn tētahi puia ahurei ko Ahuna Mons te ingoa, he pūkohu nui e whakaarohia ana he cryovolcano—he hukapapa i hangaia ehara i te rangitoto wera engari mai i ngā rauemi matao pēnei i te wai tote, te hukapapa, me te paru tio. Ko te noho mai o tētahi hanganga pēnei e whakakaha ana i te whakaaro kei te puta tonu ngā tukanga matawhenua o roto o Ceres, kua puta rānei i ngā wā tata nei o te ao whetū.
Te Mata, ngā Ana, me ngā Tohu o ngā Mahi Ā-Ao
Pērā i te maha o ngā mea o te Pūnaha Rā, he maha ngā kōhao o te mata o Ceres i puta mai i ngā pānga o ngā meteoroid i roto i ngā piriona tau. Heoi, he rerekē ētahi o ngā asteroids noa o Ceres: ko ētahi kōhao he āhua "ngawari", he iti ake rānei te koi, i ērā kei runga i ngā tinana toka, ā, ka taea te whakamārama i tēnei mā te noho mai o te hukapapa, o ngā rauemi rānei ka taea te rere mārire, ka whakapōturi i te mata i roto i te wā.
Ka taea e ngā mahi ā-roto pērā i te cryovoluncancy te āwhina i te "whakahou" i te mata me te huna i ngā tohu o ngā pānga tawhito. Nā tēnei ka waiho a Ceres hei taiwhanga taiao mō te ako i te noho kaha tonu o ngā tinana iti o te rangi i roto i te ao tūroa, ahakoa te korenga o te wera ā-roto o ngā aorangi nunui, toka.
Ngā Ceres me tōna Tūranga i roto i te Hītori o te Pūnaha Rā
E whakaarohia ana ko Ceres he toenga o ngā poraka hanga aorangi. I te tīmatanga o te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā, i honoa ngā rauemi e karapoti ana i te Rā hei hanga aorangi. Heoi, i te rohe i waenganui i a Māte me Hūpiter, he kaha rawa te kaha o te kaha ā-papa o Hūpiter, ā, kāore i taea e ngā rauemi te hono hei aorangi kotahi, nui. Nā tēnei i hua ake ai te hanganga o te Whitiki Asteroid, ā, ko Ceres te mea nui rawa atu kua "tipu" angitu ki reira.
Ko te mārama ki a Ceres ko te mārama he aha i kore ai e tino tū hei aorangi. Hei tāpiri, mēnā he nui te hukapapa o Ceres, e tautoko ana i te ariā e rongoa ana te wai i roto i te Pūnaha Rā i roto i ngā āhua me ngā wāhi rerekē, ehara i te mea i runga i ngā aorangi, i ngā kōmete rānei anake, engari i runga anō hoki i ngā tinana whakawhiti pērā i ngā aorangi iti.
Te Anamata o te Rangahau me te Hiahia Pūtaiao
He maha tonu ngā mea ngaro kei roto i a Ceres. Ko ngā pātai mō te nui o te wai kei roto, mēnā i mua he moana kei raro i te mata, me te āhua o te hanganga o ngā tote me ngā kohuke, kei te noho tonu hei kaupapa rangahau. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, ka taea e ngā misioni whai muri, ngā taunga karetao rānei te whakarato i ngā raraunga taipitopito ake, hei tauira, mā te tātari mata tika, mā te keri pāpaku rānei hei whakatau i te hanganga o te paparanga hukapapa.
E pā ana hoki te hiahia ki a Ceres ki te tūhuratanga tangata mō te wā roa. Mena kei a Ceres ngā rahui wai ka taea te tango, tera pea he rauemi nui mō ngā misioni ā-wāhi a muri ake nei, nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi i te wai hei inu, hei whakaputa hāora, hei wehewehe rānei hei hauwai me te hāora hei wahie rōkete.
Whakamutunga
He tauira tino pai a Ceres mō te kaha o tētahi aorangi iti ki te whakaputa i ngā māramatanga nui. Hei aorangi iti kei roto i te Whitiki Asteroid, he hononga nui i waenga i ngā ao asteroid me ngā ao aorangi. Nā te hītori nui o ngā kitenga, te tūnga whakarōpūtanga whakamere, me ngā taunakitanga kaha mō te wai me te mahi whenua, ehara a Ceres i te "asteroid nui" anake engari he ao iti matatini. Mā te ako i a Ceres ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā takenga mai o te Pūnaha Rā, te whanaketanga whenua o ngā tinana rangi iti, me te tohatoha pea o te wai puta noa i ngā taiao ao. I roto i ngā huarahi maha, he whakamahara a Ceres kāore e hiahiatia kia rite te rahi o ngā mea whakamiharo i te wāhi ki te rahi o ngā aorangi kia nui ai te hiranga o te pūtaiao.
