Te Rerekētanga o te Karu Whānui a James Webb i te Hubble
Ko te Karu Whānui a James Webb (JWST) me te Karu Whānui a Hubble (HST) ētahi o ngā taputapu wāhi nui rawa atu kua hangaia e te tangata i roto i te hītori o te arorangi. He mea hanga ēnei hei āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao kia mārama ake ki te ao whānui, engari he rerekē rawa ngā huarahi e mahi ai rāua. Kia tirohia te rerekētanga o ēnei karu whānui e rua i a rāua anō i runga i te hoahoa, te hangarau, ngā whāinga pūtaiao, me ngā whakatutukitanga.
1. Hoahoa me te Rahi
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te JWST me te HST ko tō rāua hoahoa me te rahi. E 13,3 mita te roa o te Hubble, ā, ko te whānui o te whakaata tuatahi he 2,4 mita. Nō reira, he iti ake te Karu Whānui o Hubble, i whakarewaina i te tau 1990, i te Karu Whānui o James Webb, he 6,5 mita te whānui o te whakaata tuatahi. Nā te rahi o te whakaata nui o te JWST ka taea e te karu whānui te kohikohi i te māramatanga nui ake, ka taea ai e ia te kite i ngā mea ngoikore me ngā mea tawhiti.
Hei tāpiritanga, kua hangaia a JWST me tētahi whakaata matua e titoa ana i ngā wāhanga hexagonal takai e 18, e āhei ai te whakarewa i te karu tiro i roto i tētahi āhua kiato ake, kātahi ka tāuta ki te wāhi. I taua wā, he hoahoa noa ake a Hubble, he whakaata kotahi, pumau.
2. Whānuitanga Tirotiro
He karu tiro maha-āputa a Hubble e taea ai te tiro i roto i te āputa e kitea ana, te āputa ultraviolet, me te wāhanga iti o te āputa infrared. Mā tēnei ka taea e Hubble te tirotiro i ngā whetū, ngā tupuni, me ngā nebulae me ngā taipitopito whakamiharo i roto i ēnei roangaru.
I tētahi atu taha, he mea hanga motuhake a James Webb hei tirotiro i te ao whānui i roto i te whānuitanga o te hihi whero. He rerekētanga nui tēnei e āhei ai a JWST ki te tiro mā roto i te puehu o te ao whānui e ārai ana i te tirohanga i roto i te whānuitanga o te mārama e kitea ana. Nā te mea he roa ake ngā roangaru hihi whero i te mārama e kitea ana, ka taea e JWST te tirotiro i ngā mea tino tawhiti me ngā mea tino tawhito kua totorohia te mārama e te whānui o te ao whānui (whero).
3. Tūnga me te Āmiomio
Ka porowhita a Hubble i te Ao i te teitei o te 547 kiromita, ka oti i a ia te porowhita kotahi i ia 97 meneti. Mā tēnei wāhi ka taea e ngā kairangi te mahi i ngā misioni tiaki i runga i ngā waka rererangi a NASA. Tae noa ki tēnei wā, e rima ngā misioni tiaki kua oti i a Hubble, ko te whakamutunga i te tau 2009.
He rerekē, ka mahi a JWST i te pūwāhi L2, kei te 1,5 miriona kiromita te tawhiti atu i te Ao, i te taha ke atu i te Rā. Ko tēnei wāhi tētahi o ngā pūwāhi Lagrange, kei reira ngā kaha ā-papa o te Ao me te Rā me te kaha ā-pokapū mai i te karu tiro e taurite ana, e āhei ai a JWST ki te pupuri i tētahi tūranga pumau me te kore e nui te wahie e whakamahia ana. Nā tēnei ka kore e taea ngā misioni tiaki, nō reira me hoahoa a JWST kia roa te manawanui.
4. Ngā Whāinga Pūtaiao
He rerekē ngā whāinga pūtaiao o ngā karu tiro e rua. Ahakoa he maha ngā kitenga nui a Hubble mai i tōna whakarewatanga, pērā i te whakatau tata i te pakeke o te ao whānui me te kitenga kei te tere haere te horapa o te ao whānui, i hangaia a JWST me tētahi arotahi motuhake ake.
E tūmanakohia ana ka whakautua e JWST ngā pātai matua mō te takenga mai me te whanaketanga o ngā tupua whetu, ngā whetū, me ngā pūnaha aorangi. Kua hangaia te karu tiro hei tirotiro i ētahi o ngā whetū me ngā tupua whetu tuatahi i hangaia i muri i te Pāpātanga Nui, hei ako i ngā tukanga o te hanganga o ngā whetū me ngā aorangi, me te tirotiro i ngā āhuarangi o ngā aorangi o waho mō ngā tohu o te ora.
Ko tētahi atu whāinga nui ko te ako i ngā pū pango nunui rawa atu kei waenganui o ngā tupua whetu maha, mā tēnei huarahi ka taea e JWST te āwhina i te mārama ki te tūranga o ngā pū pango i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā tupua whetu.
5. Hangarau me te Auahatanga
Kī tonu a James Webb i ngā hangarau auaha kāore i kitea i runga i a Hubble. Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino whakamiharo ko tōna pare rā nui e rima ngā paparanga, i hangaia hei tiaki i ngā taputapu mai i te wera me te mārama o te Rā, kia noho tonu ai te pāmahana ki raro rawa mō ngā tirohanga infrared tino pai. Mā tēnei paparanga ka taea e te karu tiro James Webb te noho ki te pāmahana tata ki te -233 nekehanga Celsius.
Ko ētahi atu hangarau ko ngā whakaata koura whakaata-tino me ngā taputapu whatu matatau kua hangaia hei mahi i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā roangaru whero-whero. Ko te ariā o te whakarewatanga me te huihuinga aunoa i te wāhi he wero hangarau nui me te whakatutukitanga.
6. Pānga ki te Hapori me te Mahi Tahi o te Ao
He hua o ngā mahi tahi ā-ao a Hubble me JWST i uru atu ai ngā whenua maha, ngā whakahaere, me ngā tāngata takitahi. He kaupapa NASA a Hubble me ngā takoha mai i te Tari Wāhi Ātea o Ūropi (ESA) me te Tari Wāhi Ātea ā-Motu o Kanata (CSA).
I tēnei wā, he kaupapa mahi tahi a JWST i waenganui i a NASA, ESA, me CSA. Heoi, he nui ake te mahi tahi a te ao i roto i te JWST e pā ana ki te whanaketanga hangarau me ngā taputapu pūtaiao. Ko te whai wāhi whānui o JWST ki te ao whānui e tohu ana i te hiranga nui o te mahi tahi a te ao i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau.
7. Ngā Whakatutukitanga me te Pānga
Mai i tōna whakarewatanga, neke atu i te kotahi miriona ngā kitenga whetū kua tukuna e Hubble. Ko ngā whakaahua rongonui pērā i te "Pou o te Waihanga" i roto i te Eagle Nebula, i ngā tirohanga hohonu rānei o te Andromeda Galaxy, kua whakarerekē i te huarahi e titiro ai tātou ki te ao whānui. Kua ora tonu ngā kitenga a Hubble i roto i te neke atu i te 15.000 ngā tuhinga pūtaiao kua whakaputaina, ā, koia tētahi o ngā taputapu pūtaiao tino whai hua i roto i te hītori.
E matapaetia ana ka tutuki i a JWST ngā whakatutukitanga ōrite, ki te kore e nui ake, i runga i tana hangarau hou. Ahakoa tōna whakarewatanga tata nei, he nui te tumanako mō ngā kitenga pūtaiao pea a JWST. Ko te tumanako a ngā kaipūtaiao ka whakaratohia e JWST he māramatanga hou ki te hanganga o ngā tupuni tōmua, te whanaketanga o ngā aorangi o waho, me ngā taipitopito mō ngā tukanga uaua o te hanganga o ngā whetu.
Whakamutunga
Ahakoa i hangaia a Hubble rāua ko James Webb mō ngā kaupapa rerekē, he maha ngā huarahi e tautoko ana i a rāua anō. He maha ngā mea ngaro o te ao kua hurahia e Hubble, ā, kua whakaratohia he turanga pakari mō ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei ka whakahaerehia e JWST. Me ngā āheinga matatau ake, motuhake ake hoki, e tūmanakohia ana ka hurahia e JWST ētahi atu mea ngaro o te ao kāore anō kia whakautua.
Nā te mahi tahi o te ao whānui me te whakaurunga o ngā hangarau hou, ko JWST tētahi o ngā kaupapa pūtaiao tino nui, tino wero hoki kua oti te whakahaere. He tohu nui tēnei i roto i te haerenga a te tangata ki te mārama ki tō tātou tūranga i te ao whānui.
