Te Taunekeneke o Papatūānuku me te Marama i te Tai
Ko ngā tai tetahi o ngā āhuatanga taiao e kitea ngāwari ana i ngā takutai moana: ka piki ake ngā taumata o te moana mō ētahi haora, kātahi ka heke mārire, ā, ka hoki anō te huringa i ia rā, i ia rā. Kei muri i tēnei manawataki ngāwari te āhua nei kei reira te taunekeneke uaua o te kaha ā-papa i waenganui i a Papatūānuku me te Marama (me te takoha a te Rā) e hanga ana i ngā nekehanga o te moana, e awe ana i ngā pūnaha rauropi takutai moana, ngā mahi kaipuke, tae noa ki te hoahoa hanganga takutai moana. Ko te mārama ki te taunekeneke tai i waenganui i a Papatūānuku me te Marama ehara i te mea he mea pūtaiao anake engari he mea haumaru, he mea ōhanga, he mea taiao hoki.
Te kaha ā-papa me te pūtake o ngā tai
Ko te mauri o ngā tai ko te kaha o te kaha ā-papa. He iti ake te taumaha o te Marama i a Papatūānuku, engari nā tōna tata tata ka nui te awe o tōna kaha ā-papa ki a Papatūānuku. Ka kukume te kaha ā-papa o te Marama i a Papatūānuku, me te nui o te wai o ngā moana. Heoi, ehara i te mea ko ngā tai te "toia noa o te wai moana ki te Marama." Ko te mea nui ko te rerekētanga o te kukume ā-papa o te Marama i ngā wāhi rerekē o Papatūānuku.
Ko te taha o te Ao e anga atu ana ki te Marama ka pāngia e te kaha o te kukume ā-papa i te taha kē. Ka kiia tēnei rerekētanga ko te kaha tai. Nō reira, ka puta he pupuhi tai e rua: ko tētahi kei te taha e anga atu ana ki te Marama, nā te kaha o te kukume ā-papa, ko tētahi kei te taha kē, nā te ngoikore o te kukume ā-papa. I roto i te anga o te pūnaha Ao-Marama, ko te noho mai o te pupuhi taha tawhiti ka whakamāramahia e te huinga o ngā pānga rerekē o te kaha tai me te nekehanga ā-porowhita o te pokapū papatipu (pokapū-pari) o te pūnaha Ao-Marama.
I te hurihanga o te Ao i ēnei pupuhi e rua, ka "whiti" te takutai moana i ngā pupuhi e rua i te hurihanga kotahi, nō reira he maha ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e ngā tai teitei e rua me ngā tai iti e rua i roto i te rā kotahi. Heoi, nā te mea e huri ana te Marama i te Ao, kāore te huringa tai e 24 hāora tonu; i te toharite, e whai ana i te "rā marama" e 24 hāora me te 50 meneti. Koia te take e neke ai te wā o te tai teitei i muri i te 50 meneti i ia rā.
Te tūranga o te Rā: te marama katoa me te marama hauwhā
Ahakoa ko te Marama te pūtake matua o ngā tai, he mahi anō tā te Rā. He nui ake te kaha o te taumaha o te Rā, engari he tawhiti rawa atu, ā, he iti iho tōna kaha tai i tō te Marama (tata ki te haurua o te kaha). Ina tū te Papatūānuku, te Marama, me te Rā—i te Marama hou (hononga) i te Marama katoa rānei (whakahē)—ka mahi ngā kaha tai o te Marama me te Rā i te ahunga kotahi. Ko te hua o tēnei ko ngā tai puna (kāore e pā ki te puna, engari he "puku"), he awhe tai nui atu i te toharite (te rerekētanga o te taumata wai i waenga i te tai timu me te tai iti).
I tētahi atu taha, ina tae te Marama ki tōna hauwhā tuatahi, tuatoru rānei, ka hanga tōna tūranga i tētahi koki tata ki te 90-tohu ki te rārangi o Papatūānuku-Rā. I tēnei wā, ka "whakakore" ngā kaha tai o te Marama me te Rā tetahi ki tetahi, ka whakawhāiti i te awhe tai. He tai hou tēnei. Mō ngā kaihao ika, ngā kaiwhakahaere tauranga, me ngā kaiwhakamahere mahi takutai, he mea nui tēnei tauira tai hou nā te mea ka whakatau i te wā e kaha ake ai ngā ia tai, ā, he nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā taumata wai tino kino.
He aha i rerekē ai te teitei o te tai i ia wāhi, i ia wāhi?
Me i whakawhirinaki noa ngā tai ki te kaha ā-papa o te Marama, ka rite tonu ngā āhua o ngā takutai moana katoa o te Ao. Inaa, he rerekē te teitei o ngā tai: ko ētahi wāhi he tekau henimita noa iho ngā tai, ko ētahi ka eke ki ngā tekau mita, pērā i te Whanga o Fundy (Kānata). Nā ētahi āhuatanga matua tēnei rerekētanga:
1. Te āhua o te takotoranga moana me te takutai moana
Ka taea e te āhua whaiti o te kokoru te "arotahi" i te papatipu wai, ka whakapiki ake i te tai. Ka pā anō hoki te āhua o te papa moana ki te horapa me te whakaata o ngā ngaru tai.
2. Te Whakaoho
He wā ā-tūturu tō ia puna wai mō te wiri. Mēnā ka tata te wā tai ki te wā ā-tūturu o te puna, ka piki ake te kaha o te tai, pērā i te wiri e pēhia ana i te wā tika.
3. Te pānga o Coriolis me ngā āhuatanga tai
He ngaru roa ngā tai moana, he rite ki te ngaru e pāngia ana e te hurihanga o Papatūānuku. Ka puta he pūnaha ia hurihuri (amphidromic) i ētahi wāhi, ā, kāore rawa he tai i ētahi wāhi (he tata ki te kore te kaha), engari i ētahi atu wāhi he tino nui.
4. Te waku me te hohonutanga o te wai
Ka whakanuia e ngā wai pāpaku te waku o raro, ka huri i te āhua, ka whakaiti, ka whakanuia rānei te kaha o te onepū mā roto i ngā taunekeneke matatini ki te āhua o te takutai.
Nā ēnei āhuatanga, ka pāngia ētahi wāhi e ngā tai takirua ia rā (semidiurnal), ko ētahi he tai kotahi ia rā (diurnal), ā, he maha he tai whakauru. Hei tauira, he maha ngā momo tai o Initonīhia e pāngia ana e te huihuinga o ngā moana, ngā kokoru, me te āhua whenua o ngā moutere.
Ngā taunekeneke mō te wā roa: te puhoi o te hurihanga o te Ao me te hoki whakamuri o te porowhita o te Marama
Ehara i te mea ko ngā taunekeneke tai anake te mea e neke ake ana te wai moana i ia rā; engari ka whakawhitihia hoki te kaha me te nekehanga koki i waenga i a Papatūānuku me te Marama. Kāore te pupuhi tai e tino rite tonu ki te whakaritenga o Papatūānuku-Marama nā te mea he tere ake te hurihuri o Papatūānuku i ngā porowhita o te Marama. Nā te waku i roto i te moana me ngā taunekeneke ki te papa moana ka whakaroa, ka ārahi rānei te pupuhi tai i runga i ngā nekehanga ā-rohe, engari i te ao whānui, he paku mua te pupuhi i te whakaritenga o te Marama. Nō reira, ka puta he taipana nā te kaha ā-papa i waenga i te Marama me te pupuhi tai.
E rua ngā hua nui o tēnei taipana:
1. Kei te puhoi haere te hurihanga o te Ao
Kei te heke haere te kaha hurihuri o te Ao nā te marara o te kaha tai (ko te nuinga he wera nā te waku). Nā reira, ka paku piki ake te roa o te rā i roto i te wā i runga i te tauine whenua.
2. Kei te neke atu te marama i a Papatūānuku
Ko te nekehanga koki i ngaro mai i te hurihanga o te Ao ka whakawhitia ki te porowhita o te Marama, ka whakanui ake i te radius porowhita o te Marama. Ko ngā inenga hou e whakamahi ana i ngā whakaata laser i mahue iho i ngā misioni Apollo e whakaatu ana kei te neke atu te Marama i te Ao mā te torutoru henimita ia tau. I roto i te wā roa, ko te tikanga o tēnei i roto i ngā rā tawhiti rawa atu, ka rerekē ngā tere tai, ā, ka piki haere tonu te roa o te rā o te Ao.
Mā tēnei tukanga anō hoki e whakaatu ngā tohu mō te hītori o Papatūānuku. Mai i ngā tuhinga whenua me ētahi kōiwi tawhito e tuhi ana i ngā auau o ia rā, o ia marama rānei (pēnei i te tipu o te whakapūmau), ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te whakatau tata he poto ake ngā rā o Papatūānuku i ngā rau miriona tau ki muri, ā, he tata ake te Marama, ā, ka kaha ake ngā tauira tai i ētahi rohe.
Te pānga o ngā tai ki te oranga me ngā mahi a te tangata
He maha ngā āhuatanga o te oranga o te takutai moana e pāngia ana e ngā tai. I roto i ngā pūnaha rauropi, ko te rohe i waenga i ngā tai—he wāhi e rumakina ana, e kitea ana hoki e te hau—e whakarato ana i tētahi nohoanga ahurei mō ngā rauropi me tu atu ki ngā huringa o te pāmahana, te tote, me te tauraki. Ka āwhina hoki ngā ia tai ki te kawe i ngā matūkai, te tohatoha i ngā torongū, me te whakaoho i ngā wai, ā, ka pāngia te hua o ngā mahi hī ika.
I te taha tangata, ko ngā tai te mea e whakatau ana i ngā wātaka o ngā kaipuke e tomo ana ki ngā tauranga papaku, e pā ana ki te haumaru o ngā whitinga, ā, e whakamōhio ana hoki i te whakamahere i ngā pareparenga, ngā tauranga, me ngā pūnaha rerenga wai i ngā tāone takutai moana. I roto i te horopaki o te huringa āhuarangi me te pikinga o te taumata o te moana, he mea nui ake te mārama ki ngā tai nā te mea he maha ngā wā ka puta te waipuke tai ina tūtaki ngā tai nui me ngā awha, ngā ngaru, me ngā taumata o te moana e piki haere ana.
Hei tāpiritanga, he pūtake pūngao hou te pūngao tai. Ka whakamahia e ngā tipu hiko tai ngā rerekētanga o ngā taumata wai, o ngā ia tai rānei. Heoi, me ako hōhonu te whakamahinga kia kore ai e kino ngā pūnaha rauropi, ngā ara hekenga o ngā rauropi, ngā āhuatanga paru rānei.
Te Katinga
Ko te taunekeneke tai i waenganui i a Papatūānuku me te Marama he tauira oraora o te pānga o ngā kaha o te ao ki te oranga o ia rā. Ko te kukume ā-papa o te Marama—me te āwhina a te Rā—ka hanga i ngā ngaru tai e rere ana puta noa i te moana, e whakairo ana i te āhua o ngā takutai moana me ngā papa moana, ā, ka puta he tauira motuhake i ngā rohe rerekē. I roto i ngā tauine roa, ka mahi ngā tai hei tikanga mō te whakawhiti pūngao, e whakaroa haere ana i te hurihanga o Papatūānuku me te pana atu i te Marama. Ka hono tēnei āhuatanga i te rangi me te moana, e whakaatu ana ehara a Papatūānuku i te pūnaha motuhake engari he wāhanga o te kanikani ā-papa kua roa e haere tonu ana.
