Eris i roto i te Pūnaha Rā
Ko Eris tētahi o ngā mea tino whakamīharo o te Pūnaha Rā o ēnei rā, ehara i te mea nā tōna rahi, engari nā tōna tūranga ki te huri i te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga a te tangata i ngā aorangi. Mai i tōna kitenga i te tīmatanga o te rautau 21, kua noho a Eris hei pokapū o te kōrero pūtaiao, ā, i te mutunga ka puta he whakamāramatanga hou mō te aorangi. Ahakoa he tawhiti, he makariri, he ngoikore hoki, he nui ngā kōrero a Eris mō ngā rohe o waho o te Pūnaha Rā me ngā tukanga i hanga ai. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga he aha a Eris, kei hea ia, me pēhea te kitenga, ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, tōna porowhita, me te take he mea nui ia i roto i te hītori o te arorangi.
Te Kitea o Eris me te Tautohe Whakarōpūtanga
I kitea a Eris i te tau 2005 e tētahi rōpū tohunga whetū i arahina e Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo, me David Rabinowitz. I kitea tēnei mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga tirotiro mai i te Whare Tirotiro o Palomar i California. I taua wā, ko te mea, i tapaina i muri mai ko Eris, i puta mai he mea iti, he puhoi te neke i te taha o ngā whetū—he mea noa ki ngā mea tawhiti i te Pūnaha Rā o waho.
Ko te mea i rongonui ai a Eris ko tōna rahi āhua, he rite ki a Pluto, ā, i whakaarohia he nui ake i a ia. I taua wā, i kiia tonu a Pluto ko te iwa o ngā aorangi. Mēnā ka kitea he mea hou he rite te rahi ki a Pluto (he nui ake rānei), ka ara ake he pātai nui: me kiia rānei a Eris he aorangi anō hoki? Mēnā koinā, tera pea ka kitea he maha atu anō o ngā "aorangi hou" i roto i te Kuiper Belt me tua atu. Nā tēnei tautohetohe i akiaki te International Astronomical Union (IAU) i te tau 2006 ki te whakatakoto i tētahi whakamāramatanga pakari ake mō te aorangi.
Nā reira, kāore a Pluto i whakarōpūtia hei aorangi, engari hei "aorangi iti". I whakarōpūtia anō hoki a Eris ki roto i taua wāhanga. Arā, ko Eris tētahi o ngā tino take i whakarerekētia ai te pūnaha whakarōpūtanga o te Pūnaha Rā.
Te Tūnga o Eris: He Ao Tawhiti kei te Pito o te Pūnaha Rā
Kei tawhiti rawa atu a Eris i te Rā, nō te rōpū o ngā mea trans-Neptunian (TNO), arā, ko ngā mea kei tua atu i a Neptune ō rātou porowhita. Ina koa, e hono ana a Eris ki te "kōpae marara," he rohe kei roto ngā mea he porowhita rerekē, he porowhita piko hoki e whakaarohia ana i pāngia e te kaha ā-papa o Neptune i te Pūnaha Rā tōmua.
He rerekē rawa te tawhiti o Eris mai i te Rā nā tōna porowhita porowhita. I tōna pūwāhi tata (perihelion), e 38 ngā waeine whetū (AU) mai i te Rā—e tata ana ki te tawhiti toharite o Pluto. Heoi, i tōna pūwāhi tawhiti rawa (aphelion), ka taea e Eris te tae ki te 97 AU. Hei whakataurite, ko te 1 AU te tawhiti toharite i waenganui i te Ao me te Rā, e 150 miriona kiromita te tawhiti. Ko te tikanga tēnei, i tētahi wā, ka tata ki te 100 ngā wā ka tawhiti atu a Eris i te Rā i a Papatūānuku.
Nā te tawhiti rawa atu, he tino makariri a Eris, ā, he iti noa iho te rā e tae mai ana. Kāore i te miharo me whakamahi karu tiro nui me te tātaritanga tupato hei tirotiro i a ia.
Rahi, Taumaha, me te Hanganga
Ko Eris te aorangi iti nui rawa atu (ko tētahi rānei o ngā aorangi nui rawa atu) mā te taumaha. E 2.300 kiromita te whānui o tōna whānui (he rerekē ngā whakatau tata o ēnei rā i runga i ngā tikanga ine). He tino tata te rahi ki a Pluto, ahakoa e mōhiotia ana he paku nui ake te whānui o Pluto, engari he nui ake te taumaha o Eris i a ia nā tōna kiato teitei ake.
E 27% te nui ake o te papatipu o Eris i tō Pluto. Ko te matotoru o Eris e tohu ana he ranunga toka me te hukapapa pea tōna, me te nui o te toka. He mea whakamere tēnei nā te mea e whakaatu ana i te rerekētanga, te whakawhāititanga rānei, o ngā rauemi i ētahi atu tinana hukapapa iti i roto i te Pūnaha Rā o waho.
He tino whakaata te mata o Eris (he nui te albedo), e tohu ana i te aroaro o tētahi paparanga hukapapa kanapa. E tohu ana ngā tirohanga ā-whānui i te aroaro o te huka methane tio i runga i te mata, he rite ki a Pluto. Heoi, he mārama ake te āhua o Eris i a Pluto, e tohu ana pea kei te kapi ake tōna mata i te hukapapa hou, he rerekē rānei te āhua o te hau.
Te Āmiotanga Motuhake me te Wā Hurihanga Tino Roa
E 557 tau pea te roa o te porowhita a Eris i te Rā. Ko te tikanga, mai i te wā i uru atu ai te tangata ki te Huringa Ahumahi tae noa ki tēnei wā, kāore anō kia oti i a Eris te haurua o tōna porowhita. He whakamahara tēnei ki a tātou te puhoi o ngā mahi a ngā mea o te Pūnaha Rā o waho.
He tino piko hoki te porowhita o Eris (tata ki te 44 nekehanga ki te papa ecliptic). Ko te nuinga o ngā aorangi nui e porowhita ana i roto i ngā papa rite tonu, i te mea i hangaia mai i tētahi kōpae papatahi protoplanetary. Ko te piko nui o Eris e tohu ana i tētahi hītori "kaha" - ko te hua pea o ngā taunekeneke ki a Neptune, ki tētahi atu tinana nui rānei i te Pūnaha Rā o mua. Ko tēnei porowhita rerekē, piko he mea noa mō ngā mea kōpae marara.
Marama o Eris: Dysnomia
Kotahi te amiorangi tūturu e mōhiotia ana kei a Eris, ko Dysnomia te ingoa. I kitea tēnei marama i muri tata mai i a Eris. He mea nui te noho o te amiorangi nā te mea ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te tatau tika ake i te papatipu o Eris mā te tātari i te porowhita o Dysnomia.
Nō ngā kōrero tuku iho Kariki te ingoa Dysnomia, ā, e hono ana ki a Eris, te atua wahine o te ngangau. He tika te āhua o tēnei kōwhiringa i runga i te tūranga o Eris i roto i te tautohe pūtaiao mō te whakamāramatanga o tētahi aorangi. He iti ake a Dysnomia, he ngoikore ake i a Eris, engari he mea nui ki te ako i ngā whanaketanga o te pūnaha Eris.
Te Āhuarangi: Kei reira, Kāore rānei?
Ko tētahi pātai whakamere mō Eris ko te mea he āhuarangi tōna. I runga i a Pluto, ka taea te hanga i tētahi āhuarangi angiangi, he mea hanga ki te hauota ina heke te hauota o te mata me te methane i a ia e whakatata atu ana ki te Rā. Nā te tawhiti me te tino makariri o te porowhita o Eris, he iti noa iho te āhuarangi o Eris, he tio rānei i runga i tōna mata ina tae ki te aphelion.
E kī ana ētahi tauira he angiangi pea te āhuarangi o Eris i tōna wā e tata atu ana ki te Rā, engari he roa rawa te wā, e rau rau tau te roa. Tērā pea ka tino puhoi te huri o ngā āhuatanga o te āhuarangi (mēnā he āhua) i te rerekētanga o te tawhiti mai i te Rā.
He aha te hiranga o Eris?
E toru ngā take matua e hiranga ai a Eris. Tuatahi, ka whānui ake tō tātou māramatanga ki te taupori o ngā mea nunui i roto i te Pūnaha Rā o waho. Ko tōna noho mai e tohu ana ehara a Purūtō i te mea nui anake i tua atu i a Neptun, ā, he kanorau ake te "rārangi" o ngā mema o te Pūnaha Rā i tō te whakaaro o mua.
Tuarua, ko Eris te kaiwhakapūmau i te whakamāramatanga hou o tētahi aorangi. E ai ki te whakamāramatanga a te IAU (2006), me (1) porowhita te aorangi i te Rā, (2) kia nui te rahi kia tata porowhita (wai-pūmau), ā, (3) kua "whakakorehia tōna rohe porowhita" i ētahi atu mea. Ka tutuki i a Eris ngā whakaritenga tuatahi e rua, engari kāore i te tuatoru nā te mea e tohatoha ana i tōna porowhita ki te maha atu o ngā TNO. Nō reira, kua whakarōpūtia a Eris hei aorangi iti, me Pluto, Haumea, me Makemake.
Tuatoru, ka āwhina a Eris i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te whakamātautau i ngā ariā mō te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā. Ko tōna porowhita tino tawhiti, tōna hanganga, me tōna hononga ki te kōpae marara e whakarato ana i ngā tohu nui mō te hekenga o ngā aorangi nunui i ngā rā tōmua. He maha ngā tauira e kī ana i heke a Neptune ki waho, me te ruirui atu, me te whakamarara i ngā mea iti ake ki ngā porowhita rerekē ake—tae atu ki a Eris pea.
Te Anamata o te Rangahau Eris
Tae noa ki tēnei wā, kāore anō a Eris kia torohia e tētahi waka rererangi ātea. Ko ngā kitenga mai i ngā karu tiro, tae atu ki ngā karu tiro ātea me ngā whare tirotiro nui o te Ao, kei te nuinga tonu o ngā kōrero mōna. Heoi, i te whanaketanga o te hangarau, ka taea e Eris te noho hei ūnga mō ngā misioni a meake nei, inā koa he tauira nui o tētahi ao hukapapa tawhiti e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te Pūnaha Rā o mua.
Mā te rangahau anō i a Eris—hei tauira, ngā inenga tika ake o te hanganga o tōna mata, ngā huringa o ngā wā, ngā taipitopito rānei o tōna āhua me te hurihanga—ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki te whanaketanga o ngā mea kei waho o te Pūnaha Rā.
Te Katinga
He aorangi iti tawhiti, makariri, ngaro hoki a Eris, engari he hohonu tōna pānga ki te arorangi o ēnei rā. Mai i tōna kitenga, i puta ai he whakamāramatanga anō mō ngā aorangi, ki ōna āhuatanga porowhita tino nui me te mata kanapa, hukapapa, e tohu ana a Eris kei te mau tonu ngā mea miharo o te Pūnaha Rā. Ehara i te mea ko te ako i a Eris he mea iti noa iho, he mea tawhiti, engari he mārama ki te hītori roa me te uaua o te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā—he kōrero e whanake tonu ana me ngā kitenga hou.
