I-physics

9 Izikali zokushisa eziguqulayo (isikali se-Celsius isikali se-Fahrenheit isikali se-Kelvin)

1. 50 ^oC = ….. ^oF ?

Isixazululo

Esimweni esijwayelekile somoya ingcindezi, iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-0 ^oC ku- Isikali se-Celsius futhi 32 ^oF esikalini se-Fahrenheit. Uma ucindezela umoya ojwayelekile, izinga lokubila kwamanzi lingu-100 ^oU-C esikalini se-Celsius kanye no-212 ^oF esikalini se-Fahrenheit.

0 ^oC=32 ^oF kanye no-100 ^oC=212 ^oF. Ushintsho lwe-5 C^o = ushintsho lwe-9 F^o.

Ngesilinganiso se-Celsius, ibanga eliphakathi 0 ^oC no-100 ^oI-C ihlukaniswe ngezikhawu eziyi-100 ezilinganayo. Ngesilinganiso se-Fahrenheit, ibanga eliphakathi kuka-0 ^oC no-100 ^oI-C ihlukaniswe ngezikhawu ezilinganayo eziyi-180.

T^oF = (180/100) T^oC + 32

T^oF = (9/5) T^oC + 32

T^oF = (9/5) 50 + 32

T^oF = (9) 10 32 +

T^oF=90 32 +

T^oF=122

50 ^oC=122 ^oF

2. 86 ^oF = ….. ^oC ?

Isixazululo

T^oC = (100/180)(T^oF – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(T^oF – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(86 – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(54)

T^oC = (5)(6)

T^oC=30

86 ^oF=30 ^oC

3. 50^oC = ….. K ?

Isixazululo

T = T ^oC + 273

T = 50 + 273

T = 323

50 ^oC= I-323 K

4. 212^oF = ….. K ?

Isixazululo

T^oC = (100/180)(T^oF – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(T^oF – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(212 – 32)

T^oC = (5/9)(180)

T^oC = (5)(20)

T^oC=100

212 ^oF=100 ^oC + 273

212 ^oF=373 K

 

5.x ^oC = x ^oF

x = ….. ?

Isixazululo

1: Ukuguqula isikali se-Celsius sibe isikali se-Fahrenheit

2: Ukuguqula isikali se-Fahrenheit sibe isikali se-Celsius

6. 122°F = ….. Celsius

Isixazululo

Ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezikali ezimbili zokushisa kungabhalwa kanje:

T_C = 5/9 (T_F - 32)

T_C = Temperature ngo-Celsius, T_F = izinga lokushisa ku-Fahrenheit

Izinga lokushisa ngama-Celsius:

T_C = 5/9 (122 – 32) = T_C = 5/9 (90) = 5 (10)

T_C = 50 ^oC

7. Isithombe esingezansi sibonisa ukulinganisa izinga lokushisa kwe a uketshezi olusebenzisa i-thermometer yesikali se-Fahrenheit! Uma izinga lokushisa loketshezi lilinganiswa kusetshenziswa i-thermometer yesikali se-Celsius, khona-ke kuyini izinga lokushisa loketshezie.

Kwaziwa:

Fahrenheit isikali (T_F= = 95^oF

Kufunwa: Isikali se-Celsius

Isixazululo:

Uma ucindezelekile nge-atm eyi-1, iphuzu lokuqandisa kwamanzi is 0 °C kuyilapho isikali se-Fahrenheit singama-32 ^oF. Ngokuphambene nalokho, tiphuzu lokubila kwamanzi ye-CU-Elsius isikali siyi-100 ^oC ngenkathi isikali se-Fahrenheit is 212 ^oF.

Esikalini se-Celsius, phakathi kuka-0 °C no-100 °C kukhona i-100 ° kanti esikalini se-Fahrenheit esiphakathi kuka-32 °F no-212 °F kukhona i-180 °.

T_C = 100/180 (T_F - 32)

T_C = 5/9 (T_F - 32)

T_C = 5/9 (95 - 32)

T_C = 5/9 (63)

T_C = 315 / 9

T_C = 35^oC

8. Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingezansi, nquma u-tizinga lokushisa P ku-thermometer ye-Celsius.

Isixazululo

T_C = 100/180 (T_F - 32)

T_C = 5/9 (T_F - 32)

T_C = 5/9 (104 – 32)

T_C = 5/9 (72)

T_C = 360 / 9

T_C = 40 ^oC

9. Uma izinga lokushisa lesilinganiso se-Celsius njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi, thola izinga lokushisa lesilinganiso se-Fahrenheit njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Isixazululo:

T^oF = (180/100) T^oC + 32

T^oF = (9/5) T^oC + 32

T^oF = (9/5) 60 + 32

T^oF = (9) 12 32 +

T^oF=108 32 +

T^oF=140

1. Ukuguqula izikali zokushisa
2. Ukunwetshwa komugqa
3. Ukwandiswa kwendawo
4. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu
5. Heat
6. Okulingana nokushisa okwenziwe ngomshini
7. Ukushisa okukhethekile kanye nomthamo wokushisa
8. Ukushisa okucashile, ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa, ukushisa kokushisa komhwamuko
9. Ukonga amandla okudlulisa ukushisa

Funda kabanzi

1. Igrafu yamandla (F) uma kuqhathaniswa nobude (x)) kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Thola i-spring constant!

Isixazululo

Umthetho kaHooke ifomula:

k = F/x

F= qinisa (Newton)

k = i-spring constant (i-Newton/imitha)

x = ushintsho lobude (amamitha)

I-constant yasentwasahlobo:

k = 10 / 0.02 = 20 / 0.04

k = 500 N/m

2. Thola ukuthi Entwasahlobo njalo.

Isixazululo

I-constant yasentwasahlobo:

k = F/x

k = 5 / 0.01 = 10 / 0.02 = 15 / 0.03 = 20 / 0.04

k = 500 N/m

3. Intwasahlobo A inobude bokuqala obungu-60 cm kanti intwasahlobo B inobude bokuqala obungu-90 cm. Intwasahlobo A inobude obungu-100 N/m, intwasahlobo B inobude obungu-200 N/m. Isilinganiso sokushintsha kobude bentwasahlobo A nokushintsha kobude bentwasahlobo B…

Kwaziwa:

I-Constant yentwasahlobo A (k)_A) = 100 N/m

I-Constant yentwasahlobo B (k)_B) = 200 N/m

Amandla entwasahlobo A (F)_A) = F

Amandla entwasahlobo B (F)_B) = F

Okufunayo: Δl_A : Δl_B

Isixazululo:

Ifomula yomthetho kaHooke:

Δl = F / k

Δl = ushintsho lobude, F = amandla, k = okungaguquki

Ushintsho lobude bentwasahlobo A:

Δl_A =F_A /k_A = F / 100

Ushintsho lobude bentwasahlobo B:

Δl_B =F_B /k_B = F / 200

Isilinganiso sokushintsha kobude bentwasahlobo A nokushintsha kobude bentwasahlobo B:

Δl_A : Δl_B

F/100 : F/200

1/100: 1/200

1/1: 1/2

2: 1

4. Intambo ye-nylon enobude bokuqala obungu-20 cm, idonswa ngamandla angu-10 N. Ushintsho lobude bentambo luyi-2 cm. Thola ubukhulu bamandla uma ushintsho lobude luyi-6 cm.

Kwaziwa:

Amandla (F) = 10 N

Ushintsho lobude (Δl) = 2 cm = 0.02 m

Kufunwa: ubukhulu bamandla (F) uma Δl = 0.06 m.

Isixazululo:

Okuhlala njalo:

k = F / Δl

k = 10 / 0.02 = 500 N/m

Ubukhulu bamandla (F) uma Δl = 0.06 m :

F = kx

F = (500)(0.06)

F = 30N

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1. Umthetho kaHooke
2. Ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, i-modulus kaYoung

Funda kabanzi

Ukucindezeleka I-modulus kaYoung – Izinkinga Nezixazululo

1. Intambo ye-nylon inobubanzi obungu-2 mm, idonswa ngamandla angu-100 N. Thola ukucindezeleka!

Kwaziwa:

Force (F) = 100 N

Ububanzi (d) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Irediyasi (r) = 1 mm = 0.001 m

Kufunwa: Ukucindezeleka

Isixazululo:

Indawo:

A = π r²

A = (3.14)(0.001 m)² = 0.00000314m²

A = 3.14x10^-6 m²

Ukucindezeleka:

2. Intambo enobude bokuqala obuyi-100 cm idonswa ngamandla. Ushintsho lobude bentambo luyi-2 mm. Thola ukuthi ingcindezi ingakanani!

Kwaziwa:

Ubude bokuqala (l)₀) = 100 cm = 1 m

Ushintsho lobude (Δl) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Kufunwa: Ubunzima

Isixazululo:

I-sisitimela:

3. Intambo engu-4 mm ububanzi inobude bokuqala obuyi-2 m. Intambo idonswa ngamandla angu-200 N. Uma ubude bokugcina bentwasahlobo buyi-2.02 m, thola: (a) ukucindezeleka (b) ukucindezeleka (c) i-modulus kaYoung

Kwaziwa:

Ububanzi (d) = 4 mm = 0.004 m

Irediyasi (r) = 2 mm = 0.002 m

Indawo (A) = π r² = (3.14)(0.002 m)²

Indawo (A) = 0.00001256 m² = 12.56 x10^-6 m²

Amandla (F) = 200 N

Ubude bokuqala bentwasahlobo (l)₀= 2m

Ushintsho lobude (Δl) = 2.02 – 2 = 0.02 m

Kufunwa: (a) Ukucindezeleka (b) Ukucindezeleka c) I-modulus kaYoung

Isixazululo:

(a) I-stress

(b) Ubunzima

(C) Modulus kaYoung

4. Intambo inobubanzi obungu-1 cm kanye nobude bokuqala obungu-2 m. Intambo idonswa ngamandla angu-200 N. Thola ushintsho kubude bentambo! I-modulus kaYoung yentambo = 5 x 10⁹ N / m²

Kwaziwa:

Imodulus kaYoung (E) = 5 x 10⁹ N / m²

Ubude bokuqala (l)₀= 2m

Amandla (F) = 200 N

Ububanzi (d) = 1 cm = 0.01 m

Irediyasi (r) = 0.5 cm = 0.005 m = 5 x 10^-3 m

Indawo (A) = π r² = (3.14)(5 x 10^-3 m)² = (3.14)(25 x 10^-6 m²)

Indawo (A) = 78.5 x 10^-6 m² = 7.85 x10^-5 m²

wayefuna : Ushintsho lobude (Δl)

Isixazululo:

Ifomula ye-modulus kaYoung:

Ushintsho lobude :

5. Ukhonkolo unokuphakama kwamamitha ama-5 futhi unendawo yeyunithi engamamitha ama-3³ isekela a Mass ka-30,000 kg. Thola (a) Ukucindezeleka (b) Ukucindezeleka (c) Ushintsho ekuphakameni! Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s²Imodulus kaYoung yekhonkrithi = 20 x 10⁹ N / m²

Kwaziwa:

Imodulus kaYoung yekhonkrithi = 20 x 10⁹ N / m²

Ukuphakama kokuqala (l)₀) = amamitha angu-5

Indawo yeyunithi (A) = 3 m²

Isisindo (w) = mg = (30,000)(10) = 300,000 N

Kufunwa: (a) Ukucindezeleka (b) Ukucindezeleka (c) Ushintsho ekuphakameni!

Isixazululo:

(a) Ukucindezeleka

(b) Ubunzima

(c) Ushintsho ekuphakameni

1. Umthetho kaHooke
2. Ukucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, i-modulus kaYoung

Funda kabanzi

1. Ibhola, elinamathiselwe ekugcineni kwentambo evundlile, lizungezwe yindilinga engama-radius angama-20 cm. Ibhola lizungeze ama-360^o umzuzwana ngamunye. Thola ubukhulu be- ukusheshisa okuphakathi!

Kwaziwa:

Isivinini se-angular (ω= = 360^o/isekhondi = 1 revolution/isekhondi = 6.28 radians/isekhondi

Irediyasi (r) = 20 cm = 0.2 m

Kufunwa: Ukusheshisa kwe-Centripetal (a_r)

Isixazululo:

a_r =v² /r —> v = r ω

a_r = (r ω)² / r = r² ω² /r

a_r =r ω²

a_s = ukusheshisa okuphakathi nendawo, v = ijubane eliqondile, r = irediyasi, ω = velocity angular

Ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-centripetal :

a_r =r ω² a_r = (0,2 m)(6.28 rad/s)

a_r = 1.256m/s²

2. Isondo elingamasentimitha angu-30 lijikeleza ngesivinini esingu-180 rpm. Thola ukusheshisa okuphakathi kwephuzu eliseceleni kwesondo!

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 30 cm = 0.3 m

Isivinini se-angular (ω) = imijikelezo engu-180 / imizuzwana engu-60 = imijikelezo emi-3 / isekhondi = (3)(ama-radian angu-6.28) / isekhondi = ama-radian angu-18.84/isekhondi

Kufunwa: ukusheshisa kwe-centripetal (a_r) ka-r = 0.3 m

Isixazululo:

Ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-centripetal:

a_r =r ω²

a_r = (0.3 m)(18.84 ama-rad / s)

a_r = 5.65m/s²

3. Imoto yomjaho ihamba endleleni eyindilinga engamamitha angama-50. Uma ijubane lemoto lingamakhilomitha angama-72 ngehora, nquma ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-centripetal!

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = amamitha angu-50

Isivinini (v) = 72 km/h = (72)(amamitha ayi-1000) / imizuzwana engu-3600 = amamitha angu-20/sekondi

wayefuna : ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-centripetal (a_r)

Isixazululo:

a_r =v² / r = 20² / 50 = 400 / 50 = 8 m/s²

4. Imoto inokusheshisa okuphezulu kwe-centripetal okungu-10 m/s², ukuze imoto ikwazi ukujika ngaphandle kokushelela endleleni egobile. Uma imoto ihamba ngesivinini esingaguquki esingu-108 km/h, iyini irediyasi yejika elingenabhange?

Kwaziwa:

Ukusheshisa kwe-Centripetal (a_r) = 10 m/s²

Isivinini semoto (v) = 108 km/h = (108)(1000) / 3600 = amamitha angu-30s/second

Kufunwa: irediyo (r)

Isixazululo:

r =v² /a_r

r = 30² / 10 = 900 / 10 = 90 amamithas

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1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. Imoto enamasondo amathathuI-radius engu-0 cm ijikeleza ngokungaguquki 5 rad/s². Ubukhulu balobu bukhulu buni? ukusheshisa okuqondile iphuzu elitholakala ku-(a) 10 cm ukusuka enkabeni (b) 20 cm ukusuka enkabeni (c) onqenqemeni lwesondo?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 30 cm = 0.3 m

Ukusheshisa kwe-angular (α) = 5 rad/s²

Kufunwa: ukusheshisa okuqondile (a) r = 0.1 m (b) r = 0.2 m (c) r = 0.3 m

Isixazululo:

Ubudlelwano phakathi kokusheshisa okuqondile (a) kanye nokusheshisa kwe-angular:

a = r α

(A) ukusheshisa okuqondile, r = 0.1 m

a = (0.1 m)(5 rad/s²) = 0.5 m/s²

(B) ukusheshisa okuqondile, r = 0.2 m

a = (0.2 m)(5 rad/s²) = 1 m/s²

(C) ukusheshisa okuqondile, r = 0.3 m

a = (0.3 m)(5 rad/s²) = 1.5 m/s²

2. I-pulley engu-50 cm ku-radius. Uma ukusheshisa okuqondile kwephuzu eliseceleni kwe-pulley kungu-2 m/s², nquma ukusheshisa kwe-angular kwe-pulley!

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 50 cm = 0,5 m

ukusheshisa okuqondile (a) = 2 m/s²

Kufunwa: ukusheshisa kwe-angular

Isixazululo:

α = a / r = 2 / 0.5 = 4 rad/s²

3. Ama-blade ku-blender angama-20 cm erediyasi, ekuqaleni ephumulile. Ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2, ama-blade ajikeleza ama-rad ayi-10/s. Thola ubukhulu bokusheshisa okuqondile (a) iphuzu elitholakala ku-10 cm ukusuka enkabeni (b) iphuzu elitholakala emaphethelweni ama-blade.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 20 cm = 0.2 m

Ijubane lokuqala le-angular (ω_o) = 0

Ijubane lokugcina le-angular (ω_t) = ama-radian ayi-10/isekhondi

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-2

Kufunwa: i-accelerator eqondileiphuzu elitholakala ku-(a) r = 0.1 m (b) r = 0.2 m

Isixazululo:

ω_t = ω_o + α t

10 = 0 + α (2)

10 = 2 α

α = 10/2

 α = 5 rad/s

(A) ukusheshisa okuqondile kwe-r = 0.1 m

a = r α = (0.1 m)(5 rad/s²) = 0.5 m/s²

(B) ukusheshisa okuqondile kwe-r = 0.2 m

a =r α = (0.2 m)(5 rad/s²) = 1 m/s²

4. Isondo elingamasentimitha angu-20 ku-radius lisheshiswa imizuzwana emi-2 kusukela kuma-rad angu-20/s ukuze liphumule. Nquma ubukhulu bokusheshiswa okuqondile (a) iphuzu elitholakala ku-10 cm ukusuka enkabeni (b) iphuzu elitholakala ku-10 cm ukusuka enkabeni.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 20 cm = 0.2 m

Isivinini sokuqala se-angular (ω_o) = 20 rad/s

Isivinini sokugcina se-angular (ω_t= = 0

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-2

Kufunwa: Ukusheshisa okuqondile (a) r = 0.1 m (b) r = 0.2 m

Isixazululo:

ω_t = ω_o + α t

0 = 20 + α (2)

-20 = 2 α

α = -20 / 2

 α = -10 rad/s

Uphawu olunegethivu lusho ukuthi isivinini se-angular kuyehla.

(A) ukusheshisa okuqondile kwe-r = 0.1 m

 a =r α = (0.1 m)(-10 rad/s²) = -1 m/s²

(B) ukusheshisa okuqondile kwe-r = 0.2 m

a = r α = (0.2 m)(-10 rad/s²) = -2 m/s²

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1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. Ibhola ekugcineni kwentambo lijikeleza ngokulinganayo embuthanweni ovundlile werediyasi engamamitha ama-2 ngesivinini esingaguquki se-angular esingu-10 rad/s. Thola ubukhulu bejubane eliqondile lephuzu elitholakala:

(a) amamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka enkabeni

(b) Imitha eli-1 ukusuka enkabeni

(c) amamitha ama-2 ukusuka enkabeni

Kwaziwa:

Ububanzi (r) = 0.5 imithas, imitha eli-1, amamitha ama-3

Ijubane le-angular = i-radian eyi-10s/seisimo

Kufunwa: The ijubane eliqondile

Isixazululo:

v = r ω

v= ijubane eliqondile,r = irediyo, ω = ijubane le-angular

(A) Ijubane eliqondile (v) lephuzu elitholakala ku-r = amamitha angu-0.5

v = r ω = (Amamitha angu-0.5s)(10 rad/s) = amamitha angu-5s/seisimo

(B) Ijubane eliqondile (V) yephuzu elitholakala ku- r = 1 imitha

v = r ω = (Imitha eli-1)(10 rad/s) = amamitha ayi-10s/seisimo

(C) Ijubane eliqondile (V) yephuzu elitholakala ku- r = 2 imithas

v = r ω = (Amamitha angu-2s)(10 rad/s) = amamitha angu-20s/seisimo

2. Ama-blade ku-blender ajikeleza ngesivinini esingu-5000 rpm. Thola ubukhulu bejubane eliqondile:

(A) iphuzu elitholakala ngamasentimitha angu-5 ukusuka enkabeni

(B) iphuzu elitholakala ngamasentimitha angu-10 ukusuka enkabeni

Kwaziwa:

Ububanzi (r) = 5 cm kanye 10 cm

Ijubane le-angular (ω) = 5000 izinguquko / 60 imizuzwanaamasekhondi = 83.3 izinguquko / seisimo = (83.3)(6.28 ama-radian) / seisimo = i-radian eyi-523.3s / seisimo

Kufunwa: Ubukhulu bejubane eliqondile

Isixazululo:

(A) Ubukhulu bejubane eliqondile lephuzu elitholakala ku-0.05 m ukusuka enkabeni

v = r ω = (0.05 m)(523.3 rad/s) = 26 m/s

(B) Ubukhulu bejubane eliqondile lephuzu elitholakala ku-0,1 m ukusuka enkabeni

v = r ω = (0.1 m)(523.3 rad/s) = 52 m/s

3. Iphuzu emaphethelweni esondo 30 cm erediyasi, uzungeze indilinga ngesivinini esingaguquki Amamitha ayi-10 ngomzuzwana.

Ubukhulu bejubane le-angular buyini?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 30 cm = 0.3 amamithas

Ijubane eliqondile (v) = amamitha ayi-10s/seisimo

Kufunwa: ijubane le-angular

Isixazululo:

ω = v / r = 10 / 0.3 = ama-radian angu-33s/seisimo

4. Imoto enamathayi angu-50 cm ububanzi ukuhambalamamitha ayi-10 ngaphakathi 1 okwesibili. Iyini ijubane le-angular?

Kwaziwa:

Ububanzi (r) = amamitha angu-0.25

Isivinini esiqondile se- iphuzu emaphethelweni ethayi (v) = amamitha ayi-10s/seisimo

Okufunayo: Ijubane le-angular

Isixazululo:

ω = v / r = 10 / 0.25 = ama-radian angu-40s/seisimo

5. Ijubane eliyindilinga lesondo elingu-20 cm kuma-radians lingu-120 rpm. Kuyini ibanga uma imoto ihamba ngemizuzwana eyi-10.

Kwaziwa:

Ububanzi (r) = 20 cm = 0.2 amamithas

Ijubane le-angular = 120 ukuvuselela / 60 seizimo = 2 ukuvuselela / seisimo = (2)(6.28) i-radians / seisimo = i-radian eyi-12.56s / seisimo

Kufunwa: ibanga

Isixazululo:

Velocity konqenqema lwesondo:

v = r ω = (amamitha angu-0.2s)(12.56 radians/seisimo) = 2.5 amamithas/seisimo

Imitha ye-2.5s / sei-cond isho iphuzu eliseceleni kokuhamba ngesondo Imitha ye-2.5s njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa. Ngemva 10izimo, iphuzu liyahamba Imitha ye-25s.

Ngakho ibanga linjalo Imitha ye-25s.

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1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

Ukuguqula amayunithi e-engeli (izinga, i-radian, i-revolution)

1. ¼ ukuvuselela = ….. ^o (degree)?

Isixazululo

1 ukuvuselela = 360^o

½ ukuvuselela = 180^o

¼ ukuvuselela = 90^o

2. ½ ukuvuselela = …….. rad ?

Isixazululo

1 ukuvuselela = 2π i-rad = 2(3.14) i-rad = 6.28 i-rad

½ ukuvuselela = i-pi rad = 3.14 rad

3. 180^o = ….. ukubuyekezwa?

Isixazululo

360^o = 1 ukuvuselela

180^o = ½ ukuvuselela

4. 90^o = ….. rad ?

Isixazululo

360^o = 2π i-rad = 2(3.14) i-rad = 6.28 i-rad

180^o = π i-rad = 3.14 i-rad

90^o = ½ π i-rad = ½ (3.14) = 1.57

5. 60 rad = ….. ukuvuselela ?

Isixazululo

6.28 i-rad = 1 ukuvuselela

Ama-rad angu-60/6.28 = 9.55 ukuvuselela

6. 40 rad= ….. ^o ?

Isixazululo

6.28 i-rad = 360^o

40 rad/6.28 = (6.37)(360^o= = 2292.99^o

Ukufuduka kwe-Angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile

1. Isondo lebhayisikili elingu-60 cm ububanzi lijikeleza ama-radian ayi-10. Kuyini ukufuduka okuqondile iphuzu eliseceleni kwesondo?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 30 cm = 0.3 m

I-engela (θ)) = ama-radian ayi-10

Kufunwa: ukufuduka okuqondile (l)

Isixazululo:

l = r θ

l = (0.3 m)(10 rad)

l = amamitha angu-3

2. Isondo elingamasentimitha angu-50 ku-radius lijikeleza amasentimitha angu-360^oKuyini ukufuduka okuqondile kwephuzu eliseceleni kwesondo?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 50 cm = 0.5 amamitha

I-engela (θ= = 360^o = ama-radian angu-6.28

Kufunwa: ukufuduka okuqondile (l)

Isixazululo:

l = r θ

l = (0.5 m)(6.28 rad)

l = amamitha angu-3.14

3. Isondo elingamasentimitha angu-50 ku-radius lijikeleza izikhathi ezimbili. Kuyini ukufuduka okuqondile kwephuzu eliseceleni kwesondo?

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 50 cm = 0,5 m

I-engela (θ) = 2 imijikelezo = (2)(6.28 ama-radians) = 12.56 ama-radians

Kufunwa: ukufuduka okuqondile (l) ?

Isixazululo:

l = r θ

l = (0.5 m)(12.56 rad)

l = 6.28 m

4. Iphuzu eliseceleni kwesondo elingamamitha ama-2 ku-radius, lihamba amamitha ayi-100. Thola ukufuduka kwe-angular.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = ½ (ububanzi) = ½ (amamitha ama-2) = imitha eli-1

ukuhamba okuqondile (l) = amamitha ayi-100

Isixazululo:

(a) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular (kuma-radians)

θ = s / r = 100 / 1 = ama-radian ayi-100

(b) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular (ngamadigri)

I-radian eyi-1 = 360^o

Ama-radian ayi-100 = 100(360)^o) = ama-radian ayi-36,000

(c) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular (ekuguqukeni)

Ama-radian angu-6.28 = umjikelezo ongu-1

36,000 / 6.28 = 5732,484 revolutions

5. Inhlayiya izungeza indilinga ngamamitha ayi-10 bese izungeza ngamamitha ayi-180^oIyini irediyasi?

Kwaziwa:

Ukuhamba ngomugqa (l) = amamitha ayi-10

I-engela (θ= = 180^o = ama-radian angu-3.14

Kufunwa: irediyasi (r)

Isixazululo:

r = l / θ = 10 / 3.14 = 3.18 amamitha

1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. Isondo elingamamitha angu-1 ku-radius lishesha ngokulinganayo kuma-rad angu-2/s². Nquma ukusheshisa kwe-angular futhi isivinini se-angular kwesondo, ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi (r) = 1 imitha

Ukusheshisa kwe-Angular (α)) = 2 rad/s²

Okufunayo: ukusheshisa kwe-angular kanye nesivinini se-angular ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2.

Isixazululo:

(A) Ukusheshisa kwe-Angular ngemizuzwana emi-2

Ukusheshisa kwe-angular kuhlala njalo, ngakho-ke ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2, ukusheshisa kwe-angular kwesondo kungama-rad angu-2/s².

(B) Isivinini se-angular ngemizuzwana emi-2

Ukusheshisa kwe-Angular 2 rad/s² kusho ukuthi ijubane le-angular landisa ama-radian angu-2/umzuzwana njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa. Ngemva komzuzwana owodwa, ijubane le-angular = ama-radian angu-2/umzuzwana. Ngemva kwemizuzwana emibili, ijubane le-angular = ama-radian angu-4/umzuzwana.

2. Inhlayiya isheshisa ngokulinganayo kusukela ekuphumuleni kuya ku-60 rpm ngemizuzwana eyi-10. Thola ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular!

Kwaziwa:

Ijubane lokuqala le-angular (ω_o= = 0

Ijubane lokugcina le-angular (ω_t) = 60 rpm = imijikelezo engu-60 / imizuzwana engu-60 = umjikelezo ongu-1 / isekhondi = ama-radian angu-6,28/isekhondi

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-10

Kufunwa: Ukusheshisa kwe-angular (α)

Isixazululo:

ω_o = ijubane lokuqala le-angular, ω_t = ijubane lokugcina le-angular, α = ukusheshisa kwe-angular, t = isikhawu sesikhathi, θ = i-engeli.

ω_t = ω_o + α t

6.28 = 0 + α (10)

= 6.28 10 α

α = 6.28/10

α = 0.628 rad/s²

Ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular = 0.628 rad/s²

3. Into yehlisa ijubane kusuka kuma-rad angu-20/s kuya kuma-rad angu-10/s ngemizuzwana emi-4. Thola ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular!

Kwaziwa:

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-4

Ijubane lokuqala le-angular (ω_o ) = 20 rad/s

Ijubane lokugcina le-angular (ω_t) = 10 rad/s

wayefuna : ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular (α)

Isixazululo:

ω_t = ω_o + α t

10 = 20 + α (4)

10 - 20 = 4 α

-10 = 4 α

α = -10 / 4

α = – 2.5 rad/s²

Ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular buyi--2.5 rad/s²Uphawu olunegethivu lusho ukuthi into iyehla. Ukusheshisa = isivinini se-angular siyanda, ukusheshisa = isivinini se-angular siyancipha.

4. Into isheshiswa imizuzwana emi-2 kusukela ku-10 rad/s kuya ku-2 rad/s²Thola i-engeli ezungezwe yinto!

Kwaziwa:

ijubane lokuqala le-angular (ω_o ) = 10 rad/s

ukusheshisa kwe-angular (α) = 2 rad/s²

isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana emi-2

Kufunwa: i-engeli (θ)

Isixazululo:

θ = ω_o + ½ α t²

θ = (10)(2) + ½ (2)(2²)

θ = 20 + (1)(4) = 20 + 4

θ = ama-radian angu-24

5. Isondo lemoto lehla kusuka kuma-rad angu-20/s ukuze liphumule ngemva kwama-radian angu-20. Thola ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwesondo okune-angle!

Kwaziwa:

isivinini sokuqala se-angular (ω_o) = 20 rad/s

isivinini sokugcina se-angular (ω_t= = 0

I-engela (θ) = ama-radian ayi-20

Kufunwa: ubukhulu bokusheshisa kwe-angular (α)

Isixazululo:

ω_t² = ω_o² + 2 α θ

= 0 20² + 2 α (20)

0 = 400 + 40 α

400 = – 40 α

α = – 400 / 40

α = – 10 rad/s²

6. I-PQ yenduku enobude obungu-60 cm ijikeleza cishe iphuzu Q njenge-axis yokujikeleza kanye ne-PQ njenge-radius yendilinga. I-PQ yenduku isheshiswe ukusuka ekuphumuleni kuya ku-0.3 rad/s². Iyini ijubane eliqondile lephuzu P ku-t = imizuzwana eyi-10, uma isikhundla sokuqala se-angular singu-0.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude benduku ye-PQ = irediyasi yendilinga (r) = 60 cm = 60/100 m = 0.60 m

Isivinini sokuqala se-angular (ω_o) = 0 rad/s

Ukusheshisa kwe-angular (α) = 0.3 rad s^-2

Indawo yokuqala ye-angular (θ_o= = 0

Kufunwa: Isivinini esiqondile (v) sephuzu P ku-t = imizuzwana eyi-10

Isixazululo:

Isivinini sokugcina se-angular ngemuva kwemizuzwana eyi-10:

ω_t = ω_o + α t = 0 rad/s + (0.3 rad s^-2)(10 s) = 3 rad/s

Isivinini sokugcina esiqondile ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10:

v = r ω = (0.6 m)(3 rad/s) = 1.8 m/s

7. Into ijikeleza ngesivinini sokuqala esingu-4 rad/s kanti ukusheshisa kwe-angular kungu-0.5 rad/s². Liyini ijubane lento ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-4.

Kwaziwa:

Isivinini sokuqala se-angular (ω_o) = 4 rad/s

Ukusheshisa kwe-angular (α) = 0.5 rad/s²

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-4

Kufunwa: Isivinini sento ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-4 (ω_t)

Isixazululo:

ω_t = ω_o + α t

ω_t = 4 + (0.5)(4)

ω_t = 4 + 2

ω_t = 6 rad/s

8. A Iwashi lodonga elinobubanzi obuyi-10 cm linezinaliti ezintathu, ngayinye ukukhombisa amahora, imizuzu namasekhondi. Ukuqhathanisa inani lezindilinga zenaliti yehora: inaliti yemizuzu: inaliti yesibili.

A. 1: 3: 180

B. 1 : 12 : 720

C. 4 : 12 : 180

D. 4 : 12 : 720

Kwaziwa:

Ihora eli-1 = imizuzu engama-60

Amahora ayi-12 = (12)(imizuzu engama-60) = imizuzu engama-720

Ijubane le-angular lenaliti yehora = ukujikeleza oku-1 / amahora ayi-12 = ukujikeleza oku-1 / imizuzu engama-720

Ijubane le-angular lenaliti yemizuzu = ukujikeleza oku-1 / ihora eli-1 = ukujikeleza oku-1 / imizuzu engama-60

Isivinini se-angular senalithi yesibili = ukujikeleza okungu-1 / umzuzu ongu-1

Okufunayo: Ukuqhathanisa inani lemijikelezo yenaliti yehora: inaliti yemizuzu: inaliti yesibili

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sokunyakaza okujikelezayo:

Isivinini se-angular = inani lokujikeleza / isikhawu sesikhathi

Inani lokujikeleza = isivinini se-angular x isikhawu sesikhathi

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibonelo, umzuzu owodwa, ukuthi zingaki izinguquko zenaliti yehora, inaliti yemizuzu, kanye nenaliti yesibili.

Inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yehora = isivinini se-angular x isikhawu sesikhathi = (ukujikeleza okungu-1 / imizuzu engu-720) (umzuzu ongu-1) = ukuzungeza okungu-1/720

Inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yemizuzu = isivinini se-angular x isikhawu sesikhathi = (ukujikeleza okungu-1 / imizuzu engama-60) (umzuzu ongu-1) = ukuzungeza okungu-1/60

Inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yesibili = isivinini se-angular x isikhawu sesikhathi = (ukujikeleza okungu-1 / umzuzu ongu-1) (umzuzu ongu-1) = ukujikeleza okungu-1/1

Ukuqhathanisa inani lezinguquko:

Inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yehora: inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yemizuzu: inani lokuzungeza kwenaliti yesibili.

1/720 : 1/60 : 1/1

1/720 : 12/720 : 720/720

1:12:720

Impendulo efanele ngu-B.

9. Ibhola eliboshwe ngentambo. Ibhola liyajikeleziswa ukuze lihambe ngendlela eyindilinga ehambisana nobuso bomhlaba. Kulokhu kunyakaza, ibhola liyashesha ngoba…..

A. Ukugcwala komoya

B. Isisindo ibhola

C. Amandla okucindezela

D. Amandla adonsela phansi

Isixazululo:

Umthetho wesibili wokunyakaza kukaNewton ithi into iyasheshiswa uma kukhona amandla avelayo. Ibhola lixhunywe entanjeni futhi uma intambo ijikeleza, nebhola liyajikeleza. Uma ibhola lijikeleza (ibhola lihamba ngesiyingi), ibhola lidlula ekusheshisweni kwe-centripetal. Zonke izinto ezihambayo ziyi-circular centripetal acceleration. Ukusheshisa kwe-Centripetal kubangelwa amandla centripetalAmandla aphakathi kwalesi simo amandla okucindezela.

Impendulo efanele ithi C.

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1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. Into ihamba ngendilinga ngesivinini esingaguquki se-angle esingu-10 rad/s. Thola (a) Isivinini se-angular ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10 (b) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-10.

Kwaziwa:

Isivinini se-angular (ω) =10 rad/s

Kufunwa:

(a) Isivinini se-angular (ω) ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10.

(b) I-engela (θ) ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10

Isixazululo:

(A) Isivinini se-angular (ω) ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10

Into engaphakathi ukunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ukuze ijubane le-angular lihlale linjalo, ama-rad angu-10/s.

(b) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular (θ)

Ijubane eliqondile le-angular elingu-10 radians/second lisho into ezungeze ama-radians ayi-10 ngomzuzwana. Ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-10, into ezungeze ama-radians ayi-10 x 10 = ama-radians ayi-100.

2. Inhlayiya ihamba ngendilinga enejubane elingaguquki elingu-10 m/s. Irediyasi yendilinga = imitha eli-1. Thola (a) Ijubane lenhlayiya ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5 (b) Inhlayiya Ukuhambisa ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5 (c) Ukusheshisa kwe-Centripetal.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi yesiyingi (r) = 1 imitha

Isivinini sezinhlayiya (v) = 10 m/s

Isixazululo:

(A) Isivinini sezinhlayiya ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5

Ukunyakaza kwento kusekuhambeni okujikelezayo okufanayo ukuze ijubane lihlale linjalo, 10 m/s.

(B) Ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5

Amamitha ayi-10 ngomzuzwana kusho njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa, ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya = amamitha ayi-10. Ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5, ukufuduka kwezinhlayiya = amamitha ayi-5 x 10 = amamitha angama-50.

(C) Ukusheshisa kwe-Centripetal (a_r)

a_r =v² / r = 10² / 1 = 100 / 1 = 100 m/s²

3. Ibhola elinamathiselwe kolunye uhlangothi lwentambo, lizungezwe ngendilinga enobubanzi obungamamitha ama-2 ngesivinini esingaguquki esingu-60 rpm. Nquma (a) ubukhulu bejubane le-angular ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2 (b) ukufuduka kwe-angular ngemva komzuzu o-1.

Kwaziwa:

Irediyasi yesiyingi (r) = amamitha ama-2

Isivinini se-angular (ω) = 60 rpm = 60 revolutions / 1 minute

= imijikelezo engama-60 / imizuzwana engama-60 = umjikelezo o-1 / isekhondi = 2π ama-radian / isekhondi

= 2(3.14) ama-radians / isekhondi = 6.28 ama-radians / isekhondi

Isixazululo:

(A) Isivinini se-angular (ω) ngemva kwemizuzwana eyi-2

Ijubane le-angular aliguquki ngakho-ke ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-2, ijubane le-angular (ω) = 6.28 radians / second

(B) Ukufuduka kwe-Angular (θ)

Ijubane eliyindilinga = ukujikeleza oku-1/umzuzwana kusho ukuthi njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa, ibhola lithola ukujikeleza oku-1. Ngemva kwemizuzwana engama-60, ibhola lihamba ukujikeleza okungu-60.

Ijubane le-angular = 6.28 radians/second kusho ukuthi njalo ngomzuzwana owodwa, ibhola lihamba nge-engeli yama-radians angu-6.28. Ngemva kwemizuzwana engu-60, ibhola lihamba ngama-radians angu-376.8.

4. Isondo lebhayisikili lijikeleza ama-revolution angu-120 ngemizuzwana engu-60. Liyini ijubane le-angular?

Isixazululo:

(a) ukuphenduka ngomzuzu (rpm)

Ukuvukela okungu-120 / imizuzwana engu-60 = ukuvukela okungu-120 / umzuzu ongu-1 = ukuvukela okungu-120 / umzuzu = i-120 rpm

(B) amadigri ngomzuzwana (^o/ s)

Uguquko olu-1 = 360^o, ama-revolution angu-120 = 43200^o

Ukujikeleza okungu-120 / imizuzwana engu-60 = (120)(360^o) / imizuzwana engama-60 = 43200^o / imizuzwana engama-60 = 720^o/kwesibili

(C) ama-radian ngomzuzwana (i-rad/s)

Uguquko olu-1 = ama-radian angu-6.28

Ukujikeleza okungu-120 / imizuzwana engu-60 = (120)(6.28) ama-radian / imizuzwana engu-60 = ama-radian angu-753.6 / imizuzwana engu-60 = ama-radian angu-12.56/isekhondi.

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1. Ukuguqula izinkinga zesampula zamayunithi e-engeli ngezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zesampula zokufuduka kwe-angular kanye nokufuduka okuqondile kanye nezixazululo
3. Izinkinga zesampula yejubane eliyindilinga kanye nesivinini esiqondile ngezixazululo
4. Izinkinga zesampula zokusheshisa eziqondile kanye nokusheshisa okuqondile ngezixazululo
5. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula yokunyakaza okujikelezayo okufanayo ngezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zesampula yokusheshisa ye-Centripetal ngezixazululo
7. Isampula yezinkinga zesampula zokunyakaza okujikelezayo okungalingani ngezixazululo

Funda kabanzi

1. A 0.1Ibhola le-kg, elinamathiselwe ekugcineni kwentambo evundlile, lizungezwe yindilinga yerediyasi 50 cm kanye nebhola isivinini se-angular is Ama-rad angu-4^-1. Ubukhulu be-centripetal buyini amandla?

Kwaziwa:

Imisa (m) = amagremu ayi-100 = 100/1000 kg = 1/10 kg = 0.1 kg

Isivinini se-angular (ω) = ama-radian angu-4/sisimo

Irediyasi (r) = 50 cm = 50/100 m = 0.5 m

Kufunwa: Amandla ase-Centripetal

Isixazululo:

Amandla ase-Centripetal amandla aphelele akhiqiza ukusheshisa okuphakathi :

∑F = ma_r

∑F = mv²/r = m ω² r

∑F= amandla aphelele = amandla aphakathi, m = Mass, v = ijubane, ω = isivinini se-angular, r = irediyo

∑F = m ω² r = (0.1)(4)² (0.5) = (0.1)(16)(0,5) = 0.8 AmaNewton

2. Ibhola lijikeleza ngokulinganayo esindilinga esivundlile. Uma ijubane lishintsha libe yinani eliphindwe kane kunenani lokuqala, lingakanani ubukhulu bamandla aphakathi nendawo…..

Kwaziwa:

Imisa = m

Speed =v

Isivinini sokuqala = v_o

Irediyasi (r) =r

Okufunayo: Ubukhulu bamandla aphakathi nendawo

Isixazululo:

3. Ijika eligobile lerediyasi R lenzelwe ukuthi imoto ihambe ngesivinini esingama-ms ayi-12^-1 ingaxoxisana ngokuphepha ngesikhathi sokujika. I-coefficient ye ukungqubuzana okungaguquki phakathi kwemoto nomgwaqo = 0.4. Iyini i-radius R. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 ms^-2.

Kwaziwa:

Speed (v) = 12 m/s

I-Coefficient yokungqubuzana okungaguquki (μ_s) = 0.4

Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 m/s²

Okufunayo: Irediyasi (R)

Isixazululo:

[wpdm_package id='501′]

1. Isisindo kanye nesisindo
2. amandla ajwayelekile
3. Umthetho wesibili wokunyakaza kukaNewton
4. Amandla okungqubuzana
5. Ukunyakaza endaweni evundlile ngaphandle kwamandla okungqubuzana
6. Ukunyakaza kwemizimba emibili ngokusheshisa okufanayo endaweni evundlile eqinile ngamandla okungqubuzana
7. Ukunyakaza endizeni ethambekele ngaphandle kwamandla okungqubuzana
8. Ukunyakaza endizeni ethambekele emangelengele ngamandla okungqubuzana
9. Ukunyakaza e-lifti
10. Ukunyakaza kwemizimba kuxhunywe ngezintambo nama-pulleys
11. Imizimba emibili enesilinganiso esifanayo sokusheshisa
12. Ukuzungeza ijika eliyisicaba - amandla okunyakaza okujikelezayo
13. Ukuzungeza ijika eligobile - amandla okunyakaza okujikelezayo
14. Ukunyakaza okufanayo kumbuthano ovundlile
15. Amandla aphakathi ahambisanayo ajikelezayo

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