Amandla okulondoloza kanye namandla angewona awokulondoloza
1. Amandla Okulondoloza
1.1 Isisindo (w)
Bheka into ehamba iqonde phezulu ize ifinyelele ukuphakama okuphezulu ngaphambi kokwehla iye phansi ibheke endaweni yayo yokuqala. Uma ihamba iqonde phezulu ngo-h, isisindo siphambene nokushintshashintsha. Ngakho-ke, isisindo senza umsebenzi ongemuhle entweni.
W = wh (cos 180 o ) = – wh = – mgh
Ngemva kokufinyelela ukuphakama okuphezulu, into iqhubekela phansi ibheke endaweni yayo yokuqala ngo-h. Uma iqhubekela phansi, isisindo siseceleni elifanayo nelokufuduka. Ngenxa yokuthi siseceleni elifanayo nelokufuduka, isisindo senza umsebenzi omuhle.
W = wh (cos 0 o ) = wh = mgh
Ubunzima bento (m), ukusheshisa amandla adonsela phansi (g), kanye nokuphakama (h) kuyafana, ngakho umsebenzi wenziwa ngesisindo njengoba into iqala ukuhamba iqonde phezulu ize ibuyele endaweni yayo yokuqala ingu-zero.
W = mgh – mgh = 0
1.2 Amandla Entwasahlobo
Qaphela isiphethu esibekwe endaweni evundlile. Uma ingxenye yesokudla yesiphethu icindezelwa noma icindezelwe ngakwesobunxele, isiphethu sinamandla okusunduza ngakwesokudla. Ungakufakazela lokhu ngokucindezela isiphethu. Isibonelo, beka into engxenyeni yesokudla, bese ucindezela into ngakwesobunxele. Ngemva kokuba isiphethu siphambuke ngo-Δx, susa isandla sakho entweni nasesiphethulweni. Uma isandla singasathintani nesiphethu, isiphethu sizosunduza into emuva ngakwesokudla.
Uma into ihambela kwesobunxele, indlela yokunyakaza kwayo kanye nokunyakaza kwayo kuphambene nendlela yamandla esiphethu. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkomba ziphambene, amandla esiphethu enza umsebenzi ongemuhle.
W = – ½ k (Δx) 2
Uma into ihambela ngakwesokudla, indlela yokunyakaza kwayo kanye nokunyakaza kwayo kufana namandla esiphethu. Ngenxa yokuthi izinkomba ziyafana, amandla esiphethu enza umsebenzi omuhle.
W = ½ k (Δx) 2
Intwasahlobo esetshenzisiwe iyafana, ngakho-ke i-constant yentwasahlobo (k) iyafana. Ukuphambuka kwentwasahlobo (Δx) nakho kuyafana.
Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wenziwa ngesisindo lapho into iqala ukuhamba iye kwesobunxele ngo-Δx bese ibuyela kwesokudla ngo-Δx ingu-zero.
W = ½ k (Δx) 2 – ½ k (Δx) 2 = 0
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngesisindo kanye namandla entwasahlobo njengoba into iqala ukuhamba isuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ize ibuye lapho ilingana no-zero. Uma umsebenzi wenziwe ngamandla njengoba isuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ize ibuye lapho ilingana no-zero, amandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla okugcina. Ngakho-ke, amandla entwasahlobo kanye nesisindo kuyizibonelo zamandla okugcina.
2. Amandla Angewona Awokugcina Imvelo
Bheka into ecindezelwa ngakwesokudla bese icindezelwa emuva kwesobunxele. Uma into ihamba noma isuswa iye kwesokudla, indlela yokusuka kwento iyafana nendlela yamandla okusunduza (F) futhi iphambene nendlela yamandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic (f k ). Njengoba isendaweni efanayo nendlela yokusunduza, amandla okusunduza enza umsebenzi omuhle entweni.
W = F s
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic enza umsebenzi ongemuhle entweni.
W = – f k s
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngamandla okusunduza kanye namandla okungqubuzana entweni lapho into iqala ukuhamba isuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ize ibuye lapho kukhona:
W = 2 F s
W = -2 f ks
Umsebenzi wenziwa ngamandla okusunduza kanye namandla okushukuza kwe-kinetic njengoba into iqala ukuhamba isuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ize ibuye, akulingana no-zero. Uma umsebenzi wenziwa ngamandla kusukela into iqala ukuhamba isuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ize ibuye, akulingana no-zero, amandla abizwa ngokuthi amandla angewona awokugcina. Ngakho-ke, amandla okusunduza kanye namandla okushukuza kwe-kinetic kuyizibonelo zamandla angewona awokugcina.
1. Iyini amandla okulondoloza? Amandla okulondoloza yilawo umsebenzi owenziwa ekuhambiseni into phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili oncike endleleni ethathwe kuwo. Amandla adonsela phansi kanye namandla kagesi ayizibonelo zamandla okulondoloza.
2. Umsebenzi owenziwa amandla alondolozayo uhlobene kanjani namandla angase abe khona? Umsebenzi owenziwa amandla alondolozayo entweni ehamba ukusuka endaweni A kuya endaweni B ulingana noshintsho olubi emandleni angase abe khona (∆U) phakathi kwalawo maphuzu amabili: Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma into ithola amandla angase abe khona, umsebenzi owenziwe amandla alondolozayo uba mubi, futhi okuphambene nalokho.
3. Iyini amandla angewona awokugcina izinto? Amandla angewona awokugcina izinto yilawo umsebenzi owenziwa ekuhambiseni into phakathi kwamaphuzu amabili uncike endleleni ethathiwe. Ukungqubuzana kanye nokumelana nomoya kuyizibonelo ezivamile zamandla angewona awokugcina izinto.
4. Amandla angewona awokugcina izinto athinta kanjani amandla omshini wesistimu? Amandla angewona awokugcina izinto angashintsha amandla aphelele omshini (isamba samandla e-kinetic kanye namandla angase abe khona) wesistimu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzi owenziwa amandla angewona awokugcina izinto awugcinwa njengamandla angase abe khona kodwa uvame ukuguqulwa ube ezinye izinhlobo zamandla, njengokushisa.
5. Umuntu anganquma kanjani ukuthi amandla ayalondoloza noma awalondolozi esebenzisa indlela evaliwe? Kumandla alondolozayo, umsebenzi wenetha owenziwa entweni ngemva kokuba ihambe ngendlela ephelele evaliwe uyi-zero. Uma umsebenzi wenetha owenziwe phezu kwe-loop evaliwe ungeyona i-zero, amandla awalondolozi.
6. Iyiphi indima edlalwa ukugoba kwensimu yamandla ekunqumeni ukuthi amandla ayalondoloza yini? Uma ukugoba kwensimu yamandla ku-zero yonke indawo esikhaleni, amandla ayalondoloza. Uma ukugoba kungeyona i-zero, khona-ke amandla awalondolozi.
7. Amandla adonsela phansi ahlobene kanjani namandla alondolozayo? Amandla adonsela phansi avela ngenxa yemvelo yokugcina yamandla adonsela phansi. Ukwanda kokuphakama ensimini yamandla adonsela phansi kuholela ekwandeni kwamandla adonsela phansi, kanti umsebenzi owenziwa amandla adonsela phansi awubi, okusho ukwehla kwamandla angabangela lapho into isondela eMhlabeni.
8. Kungani ukungqubuzana kungenawo amandla ahlobene njengamanye amandla okulondoloza? Ukungqubuzana kungamandla angalondolozi; ngakho-ke, umsebenzi owenziwa ukungqubuzana awugcinwa njengamandla angase abe khona. Esikhundleni salokho, uvame ukuguqulwa ube ezinye izinhlobo, njengokushisa, futhi awukwazi ukubuyiselwa ngokuphelele njengamandla omshini.
9. Esimweni lapho into ishelela phansi endizeni ethambekele, amandla okugcina kanye nalawo angagcini adlala indima kanjani? Lapho into ishelela phansi endizeni ethambekele, amandla adonsela phansi, amandla okugcina, asebenza entweni, aguqule amandla ayo angaba khona abe amandla e-kinetic. Uma kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwento nendizeni ethambekele (amandla angagcini), azophikisana nokunyakaza futhi anciphise amandla e-kinetic ento, aguqule amanye awo abe ukushisa.
10. Ingabe amandla aphelele esistimu angalondolozwa noma ngabe amandla angewona awokugcina izinto ayasebenza? Yebo, amandla aphelele esistimu (kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zamandla njengemishini, ukushisa, njll.) ahlala elondolozwa ngokomthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, lapho amandla angewona awokugcina izinto esebenza, amandla okusebenza (isamba samandla e-kinetic kanye namandla angase abe khona) angase angalondolozwa ngoba amanye awo aguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla, njengokushisa noma umsindo.
