Ukwanda okuqondile kutholakala ezintweni eziqinile kuphela; ukwandiswa kwevolumu kutholakala kuzo zonke izinto, kokubili okuqinile, okuwuketshezi, kanye negesi. Isibalo sokwanda kwevolumu sifana nesibalo sokwanda okuqondile.
Incazelo: Vo o = Ivolumu yokuqala, V = Ivolumu yokugcina, ΔV = V – Vo o = Ushintsho kuvolumu, To o = Izinga lokushisa lokuqala, T = Izinga lokushisa lokugcina, ΔT = T – To o = Ushintsho kumazinga okushisa, β = i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwevolumu. Amayunithi ka-β = ( Co ) -1
[irp]
I-equation yokwandisa ivolumu engenhla isebenza kuphela uma izinguquko kuvolumu yezinto (zombili eziqinile, eziwuketshezi, kanye negesi) zincane kunomthamo wokuqala wento. Uma ushintsho kuvolumu yento lukhulu kunomthamo wokuqala wento, i-equation yokwandisa ivolumu ayinikezi imiphumela efanele. Ngokuvamile, izinguquko kuvolumu ezitholwa izinto eziqinile azinkulu kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-coefficient yokwandisa ivolumu yoketshezi kanye negesi inkulu. I-coefficient yokwandisa ivolumu yezinto ezisebenzisa igesi nayo kulula ukuyishintsha uma izinga lokushisa lishintsha. Ngakho-ke ifomula engenhla isetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhulisa izinto eziqinile.
[irp]
1. Ku-30 o C ivolumu yesiyingi se-aluminiyamu ingu-30 cm 3. I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile ingu-24 x 10 -6 o C -1 . Uma ivolumu yokugcina ingu-30.5 cm 3 , lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina lesiyingi se-aluminiyamu?
Kwaziwa:
I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile ( α ) = 24 x 10 -6 o C -1
I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwevolumu ( β ) = 3 α = 3 x 24 x 10 -6 o C -1 = 72 x 10 -6 o C -1
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ) = 30 o C
Umthamo wokuqala (V 1 ) = 30 cm 3
Umthamo wokugcina (V 2 ) = 30.5 cm 3
Ushintsho lwevolumu ( Δ V) = 30.5 cm 3 – 30 cm 3 = 0.5 cm 3
Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina ( T2 )
Isixazululo:
Δ V = β (V 1 )( ΔT )
Δ V = β (V 1 )(T 2 – T 1 )
0.5 cm3 = ((72 x 10-6 oC-1)(30 cm3)(T2 - 30oC)
0.5 = (2160 x 10 -6 ) (T 2 – 30 )
0.5 = (2.160 x 10 -3 ) (T 2 – 30 )
0.5 = (2.160 x 10 -3 ) (T 2 – 30 )
0.5 / (2.160 x 10 -3 ) = T 2 – 30
0.23 x 10 3 = T 2 – 30
0.23 x 1000 = T 2 – 30
230 = T 2 – 30
230 + 30 = T 2
I-T 2 = 260 o C
[irp]
2. I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile kwe-metal sphere ingu-9 x 10 -6 o C -1 . Ububanzi bangaphakathi be-metal sphere ku-20 o C bungu-2.2 cm. Uma ububanzi bokugcina bungu-2.8 cm, lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina!
Kwaziwa:
I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile ( α ) = 9 x 10 -6 o C -1
I-coefficient yokwandiswa kwevolumu ( β) = 3 α = 3 x 9 x 10 -6 o C -1 = 27 x 10 -6 o C -1
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ) = 20 o C
Ububanzi bokuqala (D 1 ) = 2.2 cm
Ububanzi bokugcina (D 2 ) = 2.8 cm
Irediyasi yokuqala (r 1 ) = D 1/2 = 2.2 cm 3/2 = 1.1 cm 3
Irediyasi yokugcina (r 2 ) = D 2 / 2 = 2.8 cm 3 / 2 = 1.4 cm 3
Umthamo wokuqala (V 1 ) = 4/3 π r 1 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.1 cm) 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.331 cm 3 ) = 5.57 cm 3
Umqulu wokugcina (V 2 ) = 4/3 π r 2 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.4 cm) 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(2.744 cm 3 ) = 11.48 cm 3
Ushintsho lwevolumu ( Δ V) = 11.48 cm 3 – 5.57 cm 3 = 5.91 cm 3
Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina ( T2 )
Isixazululo:
Δ V = β (V 1 )( ΔT )
5.91 cm3 = ((27 x 10-6 oC-1)(5.57 cm3)(T2 - 20oC)
5.91 = (150.39 x 10 -6 ) (T 2 – 20)
5.91 / 150.39 x 10 -6 = T 2 – 20
0.039 x 10 6 = T 2 – 20
39 x 10 3 = T 2 – 20
39,000 = T 2 – 20
39,000 + 20 = T 2
I-T 2 = 39,020 o C
3. Ukuphakama okungu-2000-cm3 isitsha se-aluminium, kugcwaliswe ngamanzi ku-0oC. Bese kushiswa kufike ku-90oC. Uma i-coefficient yokwandiswa okuqondile kwe-aluminium ingu-24 x 10-6 (oC)-1 futhi i-coefficient yokwandisa ivolumu yamanzi ingu-6.3 x 10-4 (oC)-1, thola umthamo wamanzi achithekile.
Kwaziwa:
Umthamo wokuqala wesitsha se-aluminium namanzi (Vo ) = 2000 cm 3 = 2 x 10 3 cm 3
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lesitsha se-aluminium namanzi (T1 ) = 0 o C
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lesitsha se-aluminium namanzi (T2 ) = 90 o C
I-coefficient yokwandiswa okuqondile kwe-aluminium (α) = 24 x 10 -6 ( o C ) -1
I-coefficient yokwandisa ivolumu ye-aluminium (γ) = 3α = 3 (24 x 10 -6 ( o C ) -1 ) = 72 x 10 -6 o C -1
I-coefficient yokwandisa ivolumu yamanzi (γ) = 6.3 x 10 -4 ( o C ) -1
Okufunwayo: Umthamo wamanzi achithekile
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokwandiswa kwevolumu:
V = Vo o + γ Vo o ΔT
V – Vo o = γ Vo o ΔT
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT
V = ivolumu yokugcina, Vo = ivolumu yokuqala, ΔV = ushintsho kuvolumu, γ = i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwevolumu, ΔT = ushintsho kumazinga okushisa
Bala ushintsho kuvolumu yesitsha se-aluminium:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (72 x 10 -6 )(2 x 10 3 )(90) = 12960 x 10 -3 = 12.960 cm 3
Bala ushintsho kumthamo wamanzi:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (6. 3 x 10 -4 )(2 x 10 3 )(90) = 1134 x 10 -1 = 113.4 cm 3
Ushintsho kumthamo wamanzi lukhulu kunesitsha se-aluminium kangangokuthi amanye amanzi achithekile.
Bala umthamo wamanzi achithekile:
113.4 cm 3 – 12.960 cm 3 = 100.44 cm 3
[wpdm_package id='702′]
- Ukuguqula izikali zokushisa
- Ukunwetshwa komugqa
- Ukwandiswa kwendawo
- Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu
- Heat
- Okulingana nokushisa okwenziwe ngomshini
- Ukushisa okukhethekile kanye nomthamo wokushisa
- Ukushisa okucashile, ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa, ukushisa kokushisa komhwamuko
- Ukonga amandla okudlulisa ukushisa
