Ukonga amandla okudlulisa ukushisa - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Amanzi angu-1 kg ku- 100 ^o C axutshwe namanzi angu-1 kg ku- 10 ^o C ohlelweni oluhlukanisiwe. Ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile kungu- 4200 J/kg ^o C. Thola izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube!

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo samanzi ashisayo (m ₁ ) = 1 kg

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ashisayo (T ₁ ) = 100 ^o C

Isisindo samanzi abandayo (m2 ₎ = 1 kg

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi abandayo (T2 ₎ = 10 ^o C

Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T)

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okulahlekile = Ukushisa okutholiwe (uhlelo oluhlukanisiwe)

m c Δ T = m c Δ T

m Δ T = m Δ T

m ₁ (T ₁ – T) = m ₂ (T – T ₂ )

(1)(100 – T) = (1)(T – 10)

100 – T = T – 10

100 + 10 = T + T

110 = 2T

T = 110 / 2

T = 55

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lingu- 55 ^o C.

2. Ibhulokhi lomsizi elingamakhilogremu angu-3 ku-80^o kufakwe emanzini ayi-10 kg. Ukushisa okukhethekile kwe-lead kungu-1400 J.kg^-1C^-1 futhi ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile kungu-4200 J.kg^-1C^-1Izinga lokushisa lokugcina ekulinganisweni kokushisa liyi 20^oC. Thola izinga lokushisa lokuqala lamanzi!

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo (m1 ₎ = 3 kg

Ukushisa okuqondile kwe-lead (c ₁ ) = 1400 J.kg ^-1 C ^-1

Izinga lokushisa lomthofu (T ₁ ) = 80 ^o C

Isisindo samanzi (m2 ₎ = 10 kg

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c ₂ ) = 4200 J.kg ^-1 C ^-1

Izinga lokushisa lokulingana kokushisa (T) = 20 ^o C

Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lamanzi ( _T2 )

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okulahlekile = Ukushisa okutholiwe

u-Q lead = amanzi ka-Q

m ₁ c ₁ ΔT = m ₂ c ₂ ΔT

(3)(1400)(80-20) = (10)(4200)(20-T)

(4200)(60) = (42,000)(20-T)

252,000 = 840,000 – 42,000 T

42,000 T = 840,000 – 252,000

42,000 T = 588,000

T = 588,000 / 42,000

T = 14

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lamanzi lingu- 14 ^° C.

3. Ibhulokhi yethusi ku 100^oC kufakwe ku-128 amagremu amanzi ku- 30 ^oC. Ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile 1 cal.g^-1oC^-1 futhi ukushisa okuqondile kwethusi 0.1 cal.g^-1oC^-1. Uma izinga lokushisa lokulingana kokushisa liyi 36 ^oC, thola isisindo sethusi!

Kwaziwa:

Izinga lokushisa lethusi (T ₁ ) = 100 ^o C

Ukushisa okuqondile kwethusi (c ₁ ) = 0.1 c al.g ^-1o C ^-1

Isisindo samanzi (m2 ₎ = 128 amagremu

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi (T2 ₎ = 30 ^o C

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c ₂ ) = 1 kcal al.g ^-1o C ^-1

Izinga lokushisa lokulingana kokushisa (T) = 36 ^o C

Okufunwayo: Isisindo sethusi (m ₁ )

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okulahlekile = Ukushisa okutholiwe

Ithusi lika-Q = amanzi ka-Q

m ₁ c ₁ ΔT = m ₂ c ₂ ΔT

(m ₁ )(0.1)(100-36) = (128)(1)(36-30)

(m ₁ )(0.1)(64) = (128)(1)(6)

(m ₁ )(6.4) = 768

m ₁ = 768 / 6.4

m ₁ = 120

Isisindo sethusi singamagremu ayi- 120.

4. Ibhulokhi leqhwa le-M-kg ku 0^oC ibekwe ku-340 amagremu amanzi ku- 20^oC ebhodweni. Uma ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa ngamanzi = 80 amakhalori g^-1, ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile 1 cal g^{-1 o}C^-1. Lonke iqhwa liyancibilika kanye nokushisa kwalo ukulingana kokushisa is 5^oC, nquma ubukhulu beqhwa!

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo samanzi (m) = 340 amagremu

Izinga lokushisa leqhwa ( _iqhwa le-T ) = 0 ^o C

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ( _amanzi e-T ) = 20 ^o C

Izinga lokushisa lokulingana kokushisa (T) = 5 ^o C

Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kwamanzi ( L ) = 80 kcal g ^-1

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c _amanzi ) = 1 cal g ^{-1 o} C ^-1

Okufunwayo: Isisindo seqhwa (M)

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okulahlekile = Ukushisa okutholiwe

Amanzi e-Q = iqhwa le-Q

m c ( ΔT) = m _es L _es + m c ( Δ T)

(340)(1)(20-5) = M (80) + M (1)(5-0)

(340)(15) = 80M + 5M

5100 = 85M

M = 5100/85

M = amagremu angu-60

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1. Ukuguqula izikali zokushisa
2. Ukunwetshwa komugqa
3. Ukwandiswa kwendawo
4. Ukunwetshwa kwevolumu
5. Heat
6. Okulingana nokushisa okwenziwe ngomshini
7. Ukushisa okukhethekile kanye nomthamo wokushisa
8. Ukushisa okucashile, ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa, ukushisa kokushisa komhwamuko
9. Ukonga amandla okudlulisa ukushisa