Izinga lokushisa nokushisa - izinkinga nezixazululo

Izinga lokushisa nokushisa - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Ku-thermometer X, izinga lokubanda kwamanzi lingama--30^o kanye nephuzu lokubila lamanzi ku-90^o. 60^OX = ….. ^oC.

Kwaziwa:

Iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi = -30^o

Iphuzu lokubila kwamanzi = 90^o

Kufunwa: 60^oX = ….. ^oC

Isixazululo:

Esikalini se-Fahrenheit, izinga lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-32^oF kanti iphuzu lokubila lamanzi lingu-212^oF. Phakathi kwephuzu lokubanda kanye nephuzu lokubila, 212^o - 32^o = 180^o.

Esikalini seCelsius, iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-0^oC kanti iphuzu lokubila lamanzi lingu-100^oC. Phakathi kwephuzu lokubanda kanye nephuzu lokubila, 100^o - 0^o = 100^o.

Esikalini se-X, iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-30^oI-X kanti iphuzu lokubila lamanzi lingu-90^oX. Phakathi kwephuzu lokubanda kanye nephuzu lokubila, 90^o – (-30^o= = 90^o 30 +^o = 120^o.

Shintsha isikali se-X sibe isikali se-Celsius:

Ukunwetshwa okushisayo

2. Induku yensimbi efudunyezwa kusuka ku-30^oOmkhulu C 80^oC. Ubude bokugcina benduku ngu 115 cm. I-coefficient ye ukunwetshwa okuqondile is 3.10^{-3 o}C^-1. Bungakanani ubude bokuqala benduku yensimbi?

Kwaziwa:

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T₁= = 30^oC

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T₂= = 80^oC

Ushintsho lokushisa (ΔT) = 80^oC - 30^oC=50^oC

I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile (α) = 3.10^{-3 o}C^-1

Ubude bokugcina bensimbi (L) = 115 cm

Kufunwa: Ubude bokuqala benduku yensimbi (L_o)

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sokwanda okuqondile:

L=L_o + ΔL

L=L_o + α L_o ΔT

L=L_o (1 + α ΔT)

115 = L_o (1 + 3.10^-3.50)

115 = L_o (1 + 150.10^-3)

115 = L_o (1 + 0.15)

115 = L_o (1.15)

L_o = 115/1.15

L_o = 100cm

3. Ubude bokuqala benduku yethusi bungu 40 cm. Ngemva kokushisa, ubude bokugcina bethusi bungu-40.04 cm kanti izinga lokushisa lokugcina liyi- 80^oC. Uma i-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile kwethusi ingu 2.0 x 10^{-5 o}C^-1, liyini izinga lokushisa lokuqala lenduku yethusi.

Kwaziwa:

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T₂= = 80^oC

Ubude bokuqala (L_o= 40cm

Ubude bokugcina (L) = 40.04 cm

Ukwanda kobude (ΔL) = 40.04 cm – 40 cm = 0.04 cm

I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile (α) = 2.0 x 10^{-5 o}C^-1

Isixazululo: Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T₁)

Isixazululo;

Isibalo sokwanda okuqondile:

L=L_o + α L_o ΔT

L – L_o = α L_o ΔT

ΔL = α L_o ΔT

ΔL = α L_o (T₂ - T₁)

0.04 = (2.0 x 10^-5)(40)(80 – T₁)

0..04 = (80 x 10^-5)(80 – T₁)

0.04 = 0.0008 (80 – T₁)

0.04 = 0.064 – 0.0008 T₁

0..0008 T₁ = 0.064 - 0.040

I-0.0008 T₁ = 0.024

T₁ = 30^oC

Ukuhanjiswa kokushisa

4. Izinduku ezimbili zensimbi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ukuqhuba kokushisa kwensimbi I = izikhathi ezine ukuqhubela kokushisa kwensimbi II. Liyini izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinsimbi zombili?

Kwaziwa:

Ubukhulu bezinduku zombili buyafana.

Ukushisa kwensimbi I = 4k

Ukushisa kwensimbi II = k

Izinga lokushisa lokuphela kwensimbi I = 50⁰ C

Izinga lokushisa lokuphela kwensimbi II = 0⁰ C

Okufunayo: Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zensimbi zombili

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sokuqhutshwa kokushisa:

Q/t = izinga lokuqhutshwa kokushisa, k = conductivity ezishisayo, A = indawo enqamulayo, T₁-T₂ = ushintsho lokushisa, l = ubude benduku.

Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili:

Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinduku zensimbi zombili lingu-40^oC.

5.

(1) Ukuqhuba kwensimbi

(2) Umehluko wokushisa

(3) Ubude bensimbi

(4) Isisindo sensimbi

Izici ezinquma izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa ezinsimbini yilezi…..

Isixazululo:

Ngokusekelwe ku-equation yokuqhuba ukushisa, izici ezinquma izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa ezinsimbini ukuqhubela phambili kwensimbi (k), umehluko wokushisa (T) kanye nobude bensimbi (l).

6. Izinduku ezimbili ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ukuqhuba kokushisa kwenduku P kuphindwe kabili kunokuqhuba kokushisa kwenduku Q. Liyini izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili?

Kwaziwa:

Zombili izinduku zinobukhulu obufanayo.

Ukushisa kwenduku P (k)_P) = 2k

Ukushisa kwenduku Q (k)_Q) = k

Okufunayo: Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili

Isixazululo:

Isibalo sokuqhutshwa kokushisa:

Q/t = izinga lokuqhutshwa kokushisa, k = conductivity ezishisayo, A = indawo enqamulayo, T₁-T₂ = ushintsho lokushisa, l = ubude benduku.

Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinduku zombili:

Umgomo omnyama

8. Amagremu ayi-100 kawoyela ku-20^oI-C kanye ne-iron engu-50-gram ku-75 ^oAma-C afakwa esitsheni sensimbi esingamagremu angu-200. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwesitsha kungu-5^oC kanye nokushisa okukhethekile kwamafutha kungu-0.43 cal/g ^oC. Kuyini ukushisa okuqondile kwensimbi?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sesitsha sensimbi (m) = 200 gr

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lesitsha sensimbi (T)₁) = izinga lokushisa likawoyela = 20^oC

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lesitsha sensimbi (T)₂= = 20^oC + 5^oC=25^oC

Isisindo samafutha (m) = amagremu ayi-100

Ukushisa okukhethekile kwamafutha (c_amafutha) = 0.43 cal/g ^oC

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala likawoyela (T)₁= = 20^oC

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina likawoyela (T)₂= = 20^oC + 5^oC=25^oC

Isisindo sensimbi (m) = 50 amagremu

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala likawoyela (T)₁= = 75^oC

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina likawoyela (T)₂= = 25^oC

Kufunwa: Ukushisa okuqondile kwensimbi (c insimbi)

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okukhishwa yinsimbi:

Q = mc ΔT = (50)(c)(75-25) = (50)(c)(50) = 2500c amakhalori

Ukushisa okumuncwa yisitsha sensimbi:

Q = mc ΔT = (200)(c)(25-20) = (200)(c)(5) = 1000c amakhalori

Ukushisa okumuncwa uwoyela:

Q = mc ΔT = (100)(0.43)(25-20) = (43)(5) = amakhalori angu-215

Umgomo omnyama uthi ohlelweni oluhlukanisiwe, ukushisa okukhishwa yinto eshisayo, kumuncwa yinto epholile.

Ukukhululwa kwe-Q = ukumuncwa kwe-Q

2500c = 1000c + 215

2500c – 1000c = 215

1500c = 215

c = 215/1500

c = 0.143 cal/g ^oC

9. Amanzi angamagremu angu-200 ku-20°C afakwa eqhweni elingamagremu angu-50 ku--2°C. Uma ushintsho lokushisa luphakathi kwamanzi neqhwa, lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube? Ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile kungu-1 cal/gr°C, ukushisa okuqondile kweqhwa kungu-0.5 cal/gr°C, ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa kungu-80 cal/gr.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo samanzi (m_amanzi) = amagremu ayi-200

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi (T)_amanzi= = 20^oC

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c)_amanzi) = 1 cal/gr°C

Isisindo seqhwa (m_Ice) = amagremu ayi-50

Izinga lokushisa leqhwa (T)_Ice) = -2^oC

Ukushisa okukhethekile kweqhwa (c_Ice) = 0.5 cal/gr°C

Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa (L) = 80 cal/gr

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa kuzokwandisa iqhwa kusuka ku--2^oC kuya ku-0^oC:

Q = mc ΔT

Q = (50 gram)(0.5 cal/gr°C)(0^oC – (-2)^oC))

Q = (50)(0.5 cal)(2)

Q = amakhalori angu-50

Ukushisa kokuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa:

Q = m L = (amagremu angu-50)(80 cal/gram) = amakhalori angu-4000

Ukushisa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lawo wonke amanzi kusuka ku-20^oC kuya ku-0^oC:

Q = mc ΔT

Q = (200 gram)(1 cal/gr°C)(0^oC – (20)^oC))

Q = (200)(1 cal)(-20)

Q = -4000 amakhalori

Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kuyengezwa, uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kuyakhishwa.

Kudingeka amakhalori angu-50 okushisa ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa leqhwa libe ngu-0^oKudingeka i-C kanye nama-calorie angu-4000 ukuze kuncibilikiswe lonke iqhwa. Ukushisa okuphelele = ama-calories angu-4050. Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi kungama-calories angu-4000.

Elinye iqhwa alincibiliki, ngakho izinga lokushisa lokugcina leqhwa namanzi lingu-0^oC.

10. I-aluminium engamagremu angu-200 ku-20^oI-C ifakwa emanzini angamagremu angu-100 ku-80^oC esitsheni. Ukushisa okukhethekile kwe-aluminium kungu-0.22 cal/g ^oC kanye nokushisa kwamanzi okuqondile kungu-1 cal/g ^oC. Lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminiyamu?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo se-aluminium = 200 amagremu

Izinga lokushisa le-aluminium = 20^oC

Isisindo samanzi = amagremu ayi-100

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 80^oC

Ukushisa okuqondile kwe-aluminium = 0.22 cal/g ^oC

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile = 1 cal/g ^oC

Okufunayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminium

Isixazululo:

I-aluminium namanzi kusesimweni sokulingana kokushisa ukuze izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminium = izinga lokushisa lokugcina lamanzi.

Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi ashisayo (ukukhululwa kwe-Q) = ukushisa okumuncwa yi-aluminium (ukususwa kwe-Q)

m_amanzi c (ΔT) = m_aluminium c (ΔT)

(100)(1)(80 – T) = (200)(0.22)(T – 20)

(100)(80 – T) = (44)(T – 20)

8000 – 100T = 44T – 880

8000 + 880 = 44T + 100T

8880 = 144T

T = 62^oC

11. Insimbi engamagremu angu-50 ku-85 °C yafakwa emanzini angamagremu angu-50 ku-29.8 °C. Ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi = 1 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1. Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lingu-37 °C. Kuyini ukushisa okukhethekile kwensimbi.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo sensimbi (m_{onesigqi esinamandla}) = amagremu ayi-50

Izinga lokushisa lensimbi = 85^oC

Isisindo samanzi (m_amanzi) = amagremu ayi-50

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 29,8^oC

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c)_amanzi) = 1 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lamanzi = 37^oC

Kufunwa: Ukushisa okukhethekile kwensimbi (c insimbi)

Isixazululo:

Ukushisa okukhishwa yinsimbi eshisayo (ukukhululwa kwe-Q) = ukushisa okumuncwa ngamanzi (u-Q ukumuncwa)

m_{onesigqi esinamandla} c (ΔT) = m_amanzi c (ΔT)

(50)(c)(85 – 37) = (50)(1)(37 – 29.8)

(c)(85 – 37) = (1)(37 – 29.8)

48 c = 7.2

c = 0.15 cal.g ^-1 .°C^-1

12. Ibhulokhi leqhwa elinobunzima obungamagremu angu-50 ku-0°C kanye namanzi angu-200 amagremu ku-30°C, libekwe esitsheni. . Uma ukushisa kwamanzi kungama-cal.g angu-1^{- 1} ° C ^-1 futhi ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa kungama-80 cal.g ^-1. Lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube.

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo seqhwa (m_Ice) = amagremu ayi-50

Izinga lokushisa leqhwa = 0°C

Isisindo samanzi (m_amanzi) = amagremu ayi-200

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 30^oC

Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c)_amanzi) = 1 cal.g^{- 1} ° C ^-1

Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa (L)_Ice) = 80 cal.g ^-1

Okufunayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina

Isixazululo:

Linganisela isimo sokugcina:

Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lawo kusuka ku-30^oC kuya ku-0^oC:

Q_Ukukhululwa = m_amanzi c_amanzi (ΔT) = (200)(1)(30-0) = (200)(30) = 6000

Ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuncibilikiswe lonke iqhwa:

Q = m_Ice L_Ice= (50)(80) = 4000

Ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa kungu-4000, kanti ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi kungu-6000. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube lingaphezu kuka-0^oC.

Umgomo omnyama:

Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi = ukushisa kokuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa + ukushisa ukwandisa izinga lokushisa leqhwa.

(m_amanzi)(c_amanzi)(ΔT) = (m_Ice)(L_Ice) + (m_Ice)(c_amanzi)(ΔT)

(200)(1)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(1)(T-0)

(200)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(T-0)

6000 – 200T = 4000 + 50T – 0

6000 – 4000 = 50T + 200T

2000 = 250T

T = 2000/250

T = 8^oC