Izinga lokushisa nokushisa - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Ku-thermometer X, izinga lokuqandisa kwamanzi ku--30 o kanye nezinga lokubila kwamanzi ku-90 o . 60 o X = ….. o C.
Kwaziwa:
Iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi = -30 o
Iphuzu lokubila lamanzi = 90 oz
Okufunwayo: 60 o X = ….. o C
Isixazululo:
Esikalini se-Fahrenheit, iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-32 o F kanti iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu-212 o F. Phakathi kwephuzu lokubanda nephuzu lokubanda, 212 o – 32 o = 180 o.
Esikalini se-Celsius, iphuzu lokuqandisa lamanzi lingu-0 o C kanti iphuzu lokubila lamanzi lingu-100 o C. Phakathi kwephuzu lokuqandisa nephuzu lokubila, 100 o – 0 o = 100 o.
Esikalini se - X , iphuzu lokubanda kwamanzi lingu - 30 o
Shintsha isikali se-X sibe isikali se-Celsius:
2. Induku yensimbi efudunyezwa kusuka ku-30oOmkhulu C 80oC. Ubude bokugcina benduku ngu 115 cm. I-coefficient ye ukunwetshwa okuqondile is 3.10-3 oC-1. Bungakanani ubude bokuqala benduku yensimbi?
Kwaziwa:
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ) = 30 o C
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T2 ) = 80 o C
Ushintsho lokushisa (ΔT) = 80 o C – 30 o C = 50 o C
I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile (α) = 3.10 -3 o C -1
Ubude bokugcina bensimbi (L) = 115 cm
Okufunwayo: Ubude bokuqala benduku yensimbi (Lo o )
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokwanda okuqondile:
L = L o + ΔL
L = L o + α L o ΔT
L = L o (1 + α ΔT)
115 = Lo ( 1 + 3.10 -3 .50)
115 = Lo ( 1 + 150.10 -3 )
115 = Lo ( 1 + 0.15)
115 = Lo ( 1.15)
I-L o = 115 / 1.15
I - L = 100 cm
3. Ubude bokuqala benduku yethusi bungu 40 cm. Ngemva kokushisa, ubude bokugcina bethusi bungu-40.04 cm kanti izinga lokushisa lokugcina liyi- 80oC. Uma i-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile kwethusi ingu 2.0 x 10-5 oC-1, liyini izinga lokushisa lokuqala lenduku yethusi.
Kwaziwa:
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T2 ) = 80 o C
Ubude bokuqala (Lo ) = 40 cm
Ubude bokugcina (L) = 40.04 cm
Ukwanda kobude (ΔL) = 40.04 cm – 40 cm = 0.04 cm
I-coefficient yokwanda okuqondile (α) = 2.0 x 10 -5 o C -1
Isixazululo: Izinga lokushisa lokuqala ( T1 )
Isixazululo;
Isibalo sokwanda okuqondile:
L = L o + α L o ΔT
L – L o = α L o ΔT
ΔL = α L o ΔT
ΔL = α L o (T 2 – T 1 )
0.04 = (2.0 x 10 -5 )(40)(80 – T 1 )
0..04 = (80 x 10 -5 )(80 – T 1 )
0.04 = 0.0008 (80 – T 1 )
0.04 = 0.064 – 0.0008 T 1
0..0008 T 1 = 0.064 – 0.040
0.0008 T 1 = 0.024
I-T 1 = 30 o C
4. Izinduku ezimbili zensimbi ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ukuqhuba kokushisa kwensimbi I = izikhathi ezine ukuqhubela kokushisa kwensimbi II. Liyini izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinsimbi zombili?
Kwaziwa:
Ubukhulu bezinduku zombili buyafana.
Ukushisa kwensimbi I = 4k
Ukushisa kwensimbi II = k
Izinga lokushisa lokuphela kwensimbi I = 50 0 C
Izinga lokushisa lokuphela kwensimbi II = 0 0 C
Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zensimbi zombili
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuqhutshwa kokushisa:
Q/t = izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa , k = ukuqhuba ukushisa , A = indawo enqamulayo , T 1 -T 2 = ushintsho lokushisa , l = ubude benduku.
Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili:
Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinduku zensimbi zombili lingu-40 o C.
5.
(1) Ukuqhuba kwensimbi
(2) Umehluko wokushisa
(3) Ubude bensimbi
(4) Isisindo sensimbi
Izici ezinquma izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa ezinsimbini yilezi…..
Isixazululo:
Ngokusekelwe ku-equation yokuqhuba ukushisa, izici ezinquma izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa ezinsimbini ukuqhubela phambili kwensimbi (k), umehluko wokushisa (T) kanye nobude bensimbi (l).
6. Izinduku ezimbili ezinobukhulu obufanayo kodwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ukuqhuba kokushisa kwenduku P kuphindwe kabili kunokuqhuba kokushisa kwenduku Q. Liyini izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili?
Kwaziwa:
Zombili izinduku zinobukhulu obufanayo.
Ukushisa kwenduku P (k P ) = 2k
Ukushisa kwenduku Q (k Q ) = k
Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa phakathi kwezinduku zombili
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuqhutshwa kokushisa:
Q/t = izinga lokuqhuba ukushisa , k = ukuqhuba ukushisa , A = indawo enqamulayo , T 1 -T 2 = ushintsho lokushisa , l = ubude benduku.
Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo phakathi kwezinduku zombili:
8. Amafutha angamagremu ayi-100 ku-20 ° C kanye nensimbi engamagremu angu-50 ku-75 ° C afakwa esitsheni sensimbi esingamagremu angu-200. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kwesitsha kungu-5 ° C kanti ukushisa kwamafutha okuqondile kungu-0.43 cal/g oC . Kuyini ukushisa kwensimbi okuqondile?
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo sesitsha sensimbi (m) = 200 gr
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala lesitsha sensimbi (T 1 ) = izinga lokushisa likawoyela = 20 o C
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lesitsha sensimbi (T2 ) = 20 o C + 5 o C = 25 o C
Isisindo samafutha (m) = amagremu ayi-100
Ukushisa okuqondile kwamafutha (c uwoyela ) = 0.43 cal/g o C
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala likawoyela (T1 ) = 20 o C
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina likawoyela (T2 ) = 20 o C + 5 o C = 25 o C
Isisindo sensimbi (m) = 50 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala likawoyela (T1 ) = 75 o C
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina likawoyela (T2 ) = 25 o C
Okufunwayo: Ukushisa kwensimbi ethile (c insimbi)
Isixazululo:
Ukushisa okukhishwa yinsimbi:
Q = mc ΔT = (50)(c)(75-25) = (50)(c)(50) = 2500c amakhalori
Ukushisa okumuncwa yisitsha sensimbi:
Q = mc ΔT = (200)(c)(25-20) = (200)(c)(5) = 1000c amakhalori
Ukushisa okumuncwa uwoyela:
Q = mc ΔT = (100)(0.43)(25-20) = (43)(5) = amakhalori angu-215
Umgomo omnyama uthi ohlelweni oluhlukanisiwe, ukushisa okukhishwa yinto eshisayo, kumuncwa yinto epholile.
Ukukhululwa kwe-Q = ukumuncwa kwe-Q
2500c = 1000c + 215
2500c – 1000c = 215
1500c = 215
c = 215/1500
c = 0.143 cal/g o C
9. Amanzi angamagremu angu-200 ku-20°C afakwa eqhweni elingamagremu angu-50 ku--2°C. Uma ushintsho lokushisa luphakathi kwamanzi neqhwa, lingakanani izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube? Ukushisa kwamanzi okuqondile kungu-1 cal/gr°C, ukushisa okuqondile kweqhwa kungu-0.5 cal/gr°C, ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa kungu-80 cal/gr.
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo samanzi (m amanzi ) = 200 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi ( amanzi angu-T ) = 20 o C
Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c amanzi ) = 1 cal/gr°C
Isisindo seqhwa (m iqhwa ) = 50 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa leqhwa ( iqhwa le-T ) = -2 o C
Ukushisa kweqhwa elithile (c ice ) = 0.5 cal/gr°C
Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa (L) = 80 cal/gr
Isixazululo:
Ukushisa ukuze kwandiswe iqhwa kusuka ku-2 o C kuya ku-0 o C:
Q = mc ΔT
Q = (50 gram)(0.5 cal/gr°C)(0 o C – (-2 o C))
Q = (50)(0.5 cal)(2)
Q = amakhalori angu-50
Ukushisa kokuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa:
Q = m L = (amagremu angu-50)(80 cal/gram) = amakhalori angu-4000
Ukushisa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lawo wonke amanzi kusukela ku-20 o C kuya ku-0 o C:
Q = mc ΔT
Q = (200 gram)(1 cal/gr°C)(0 o C – (20 o C))
Q = (200)(1 cal)(-20)
Q = -4000 amakhalori
Uphawu lokuhlanganisa lubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kuyengezwa, uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi ukushisa kuyakhishwa.
Kudingeka amakhalori angu-50 okushisa ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokushisa leqhwa libe ngu-0 ° C kanye namakhalori angu-4000 adingekayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe lonke iqhwa. Ukushisa okuphelele = amakhalori angu-4050. Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi kungamakhalori angu-4000.
Elinye iqhwa alincibiliki, ngakho izinga lokushisa lokugcina leqhwa namanzi lingu-0 ° C.
10. I-aluminiyamu engamagremu angu-200 ku-20 ° C ifakwa emanzini angamagremu angu-100 ku-80 ° C esitsheni. Ukushisa okukhethekile kwe-aluminiyamu kungu-0.22 cal/g o C kanti ukushisa okukhethekile kwamanzi kungu-1 cal/g o C. Liyini izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminiyamu?
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo se-aluminium = 200 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa le-aluminium = 20 o C
Isisindo samanzi = amagremu ayi-100
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 80 o C
Ukushisa okuqondile kwe-aluminium = 0.22 cal/g o C
Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile = 1 cal/g o C
Okufunayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminium
Isixazululo:
I-aluminium namanzi kusesimweni sokulingana kokushisa ukuze izinga lokushisa lokugcina le-aluminium = izinga lokushisa lokugcina lamanzi.
Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi ashisayo (ukukhululwa kwe-Q) = ukushisa okumuncwa yi-aluminium (ukususwa kwe-Q)
m amanzi c ( Δ T ) = m i -aluminiyamu c ( Δ T )
(100)(1)(80 – T) = (200)(0.22)(T – 20)
(100)(80 – T) = (44)(T – 20)
8000 – 100T = 44T – 880
8000 + 880 = 44T + 100T
8880 = 144T
T = 62 o C
11. Insimbi engamagremu angu-50 ku-85 °C yafakwa emanzini angamagremu angu-50 ku-29.8 °C. Ukushisa okuqondile kwamanzi = 1 cal.g —1 .°C —1 . Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lingu-37 °C. Kuyini ukushisa okuqondile kwensimbi.
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo sensimbi (m insimbi ) = 50 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa lensimbi = 85 o C
Isisindo samanzi (m amanzi ) = 50 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 29,8 o C
Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c amanzi ) = 1 cal.g -1 .°C -1
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina lamanzi = 37 o C
Okufunwayo: Ukushisa okukhethekile kwensimbi (c insimbi)
Isixazululo:
Ukushisa okukhishwa yinsimbi eshisayo (ukukhululwa kwe-Q) = ukushisa okumuncwa ngamanzi (u-Q ukumuncwa)
m insimbi c ( Δ T ) = m amanzi c ( Δ T )
(50)(c)(85 – 37) = (50)(1)(37 – 29.8)
(c)(85 – 37) = (1)(37 – 29.8)
48 c = 7.2
c = 0.15 cal.g -1 .°C -1
12. Ibhulokhi leqhwa elinobunzima obungamagremu angu-50 ku-0°C kanye namanzi angu-200 amagremu ku-30°C, libekwe esitsheni. . Uma ukushisa kwamanzi kungama-cal.g angu-1 – 1 °C –1 kanti ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa kungama-cal.g angu-80 – 1. Liyini izinga lokushisa lokugcina lengxube.
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo seqhwa (m iqhwa ) = 50 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa leqhwa = 0°C
Isisindo samanzi (m amanzi ) = 200 amagremu
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi = 30 o C
Ukushisa kwamanzi okuthile (c amanzi ) = 1 cal.g – 1 °C –1
Ukushisa kokuhlanganiswa kweqhwa ( iqhwa eli-L ) = 80 cal.g –1
Okufunwayo: Izinga lokushisa lokugcina
Isixazululo:
Linganisela isimo sokugcina:
Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa lawo kusuka ku-30 o C kuya ku-0 o C:
Ukukhululwa kwe- Q = m amanzi c amanzi ( Δ T) = (200)(1)(30-0) = (200)(30) = 6000
Ukushisa kuyadingeka ukuze kuncibilikiswe lonke iqhwa:
Q = m iqhwa L iqhwa = (50)(80) = 4000
Ukushisa okusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa kungu-4000, kanti ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi kungu-6000. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinga lokushisa lokugcina lenhlanganisela lingaphezu kuka-0 ° C.
Umgomo omnyama:
Ukushisa okukhishwa ngamanzi = ukushisa kokuncibilikisa lonke iqhwa + ukushisa ukwandisa izinga lokushisa leqhwa.
(m amanzi )(c amanzi )( Δ T) = (m iqhwa )(L iqhwa ) + (m iqhwa )(c amanzi )( Δ T)
(200)(1)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(1)(T-0)
(200)(30-T) = (50)(80) + (50)(T-0)
6000 – 200T = 4000 + 50T – 0
6000 – 4000 = 50T + 200T
2000 = 250T
T = 2000/250
T = 8 o C
