Insimu Kagesi

Funda futhi ingxoxo yemibuzo yensimu kagesi kanye nezibonelo zemibuzo yensimu kagesi.

Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda amandla kagesi angasebenza kude, kwaqalwa umqondo wensimu. Umqondo wensimu kagesi wathuthukiswa usosayensi waseBrithani uMichael Faraday (1791–1867).

I-Pengertian

Ake sithi induku yengilazi ayisebenzi kahle ngogesi ekuqaleni. Ngemva kokuhlikihlwa ngendwangu, induku yengilazi ishajwa ngogesi. Lapho induku yengilazi ishajwa ngogesi , kuvela insimu ngasikhathi sinye izungeze induku yengilazi. Uma induku yengilazi ingasebenzi kahle, insimu iyanyamalala ngasikhathi sinye esikhaleni. Ngakho-ke ukuba khona kwensimu akuhlukaniseki nokuba khona kwenkokhelo kagesi. Insimu kagesi akuyona uhlobo lwento efana nomoya futhi akuyona uhlobo lwamagagasi afana namagagasi kagesi, kodwa yinto ekhiqizwa yinkokhelo kagesi futhi ithinta isikhala esizungeze inkokhelo kagesi, lapho ithonya layo lizwakala khona kuphela ngamanye amashaji kagesi.

Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi insimu ikhona yini esikhaleni, kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona inkokhelo yokuhlola kuleso sikhala. Inkokhelo yokuhlola iyinkokhelo (Q) encane kakhulu kangangokuthi ikhiqiza insimu encane kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho inganakwa. Kodwa-ke, inkokhelo yokuhlola ingazwa ithonya lensimu ekhiqizwa amanye amacala kagesi. Inkokhelo yokuhlola ikhona kuphela ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi insimu kagesi ikhona yini. Uma ikhona, inkokhelo yokuhlola izobhekana nethonya ngesimo samandla kagesi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ingekho, inkokhelo yokuhlola ngeke ibhekane namandla kagesi.

Bheka isithombe esiseceleni.
Kumfanekiso 1, inkokhelo +q₁ futhi ukhokhise +q₂ ikhiqiza insimu kagesi endaweni ezungezile. Uma kufakwa ishaja yokuhlola +q_o endaweni ethile esikhaleni, inkokhelo yokuhlola +q_o uhlangabezana namandla kagesi. F₁ amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yi-charge +q₁ ngenkokhelo yokuhlola +q_o kanye no-F₂ amandla kagesi asetshenziswa yi-charge +q₂ ngenkokhelo yokuhlola +q_oKumfanekiso 2, lapho inkokhelo yokuhlola isusiwe, insimu ihlala futhi ayinyamalali kulelo phuzu.₁ yinsimu ekhiqizwa yishaja kagesi +q₁ kanye no-E₂ yinsimu ekhiqizwa yishaja kagesi +q₂.

Amandla ensimu

Insimu kagesi iyinani levektha, elinobukhulu kanye nesiqondiso. Amandla ensimu kagesi endaweni ethile achazwa njengamandla kagesi asetshenziswa yishaja kagesi ekushajeni okuhle okubekwe kuleyo ndawo, ahlukaniswe ngobukhulu beshaja yokuhlola.
Imininingwane:
E = amandla ensimu
F = amandla kagesi
q = ubukhulu benkokhelo yokuhlola
Imininingwane:
Q = ishaja kagesi
r = ibanga phakathi kokushaja kagesi kanye nokushaja kokuhlola
(funda: i-epsilon zero) = ukuvumela isikhala esingenalutho = 8,854 x 10^-12 C²/Nm²
k = Okungaguquki kwe-Coulomb = 9 x 10⁹ I-Nm²/C²

Iyunithi yamandla kagesi yiNewton kanti iyunithi yokushaja kagesi yiCoulomb ngakho iyunithi yensimu yiNewton/Coulomb, okufingqiwe ngokuthi N/C.

U-Arah

 
Bheka isithombe ohlangothini
Vuliwe Umfanekiso 1a, ishaja kagesi elungile (+Q) isebenzisa amandla kagesi ekushajeni kokuhlola okuhle (+q), lapho isiqondiso samandla kagesi (F) sikude neshaja ye-+Q.
Vuliwe Umfanekiso 1b, lapho ishaja yokuhlola isusiwe, kulelo qophelo kuba nenkambu (E) esiqondiso sayo sikude neshaja kagesi Q.
Vuliwe Umfanekiso 2a, ishaja kagesi engemihle (-Q) isebenzisa amandla kagesi ekushajeni kokuhlola okuhle (+q), lapho isiqondiso samandla kagesi (F) sisondela ekushajeni kwe--Q.
Vuliwe Umfanekiso 2b, lapho ishaja yokuhlola isusiwe, kulelo qophelo kuba nensimu (E) esiqondiso sayo siseduze neshaja kagesi -Q.
Ngokusekelwe esithombeni kanye nencazelo engenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi indlela eya ensimini ikude nokushaja kagesi okuhle futhi ibheke ekushajeni kagesi okubi.

Isibonelo sezinkinga

1. Iphuzu A litholakala ensimini kagesi. Amandla ensimu kagesi endaweni A angu-0,4 N/C. Uma into enokushaja okungu-0,2 C ibekwa endaweni A, amandla e-Coulomb...
A. 0,2 N
B. 0,4 N
C. 0,6 N
D. 0,7 N
E. 0,8 N
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
E = 0,4 N/C
q = 0,2 C
Kubuziwe :
Amandla kagesi?
Jawab :
F = q E = (0,2 C)(4 N/C) = 0,8 N
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.

2. Iphuzu elishajiwe q isendaweni A ensimini kagesi ekhiqizwa yi-charge (+) ukuze ibhekane namandla angu-0,1 N ohlangothini oluya e-charge q. Uma amandla ensimu endaweni A engu-0,02 N/C, khona-ke ubukhulu kanye nohlobo lwe-charge q...
A. 5,0 C, okuhle
B. 5,0 C, okungekuhle
C. 4,0 C, okuhle
D. 2,5 C, okungekuhle
E. 2,5 C, okuhle
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
F = 0,1N
E = 0,02 N/C
Kubuziwe :
Iyini ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso seshaja u-q?
Jawab :
Ubukhulu benkokhelo q:
F = q E
q = F / E = 0,1 N : 0,02 N/C = 5C
Uhlobo lwenkokhelo q:
Isiqondiso samandla e-Coulomb sibheke ekushajeni u-q ngakho-ke ukushaja u-q kumele kube nenani elihle.