Ifiziksi Yesikole Samabanga Aphezulu

Izibonelo Eziyi-9 Zemibuzo Ye-Telescope Yezinkanyezi

1. A itheleskopu inezinhlobo ezimbili ilensi eqondile. Ilensi eqondile ekude kakhulu neso lomqaphi ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile kanti ilensi eqondile eseduze neso lomqaphi ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi ye-eyepiece. Ubude be-focal lens ye-objective bungu-400 cm kanti ubude be-focal lens ye-eyepiece bungu-20 cm. Uma iso lomqaphi livamile futhi linendawo encane yokuhlala, nquma:
a) ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwetheleskopu (M),
b) ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nesithombe esikhiqizwe yilensi eqondiwe (s)_ob'),
c) ibanga phakathi kwesithombe esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece (s)_ok)
d) ibanga phakathi kwamalensi amabili aqondile

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Izibonelo eziyi-8 zemibuzo ye-Microscope

1. I -microscope inezingqimba ezimbili ezigobile. Ilensi egobile eseduze nento ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile kanti ilensi egobile eseduze neso lomqaphi ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi ye-eyepiece. Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondile bungu-2 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece bungu-5 cm. Ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondile kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece lingama-30 cm. Uma iso lomqaphi livamile futhi linomkhawulo omncane, nquma: (a) ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwe-microscope, (b) ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile.

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Izibonelo Ezi-7 Zemibuzo Esebenzisa I-Loupe Noma Ingilazi Ekhulisayo

1. Ukuphakama kwento uma kubhekwa ngqo kusuka endaweni eseduze neso elivamile kungu-2 mm. Into ibhekwa kusetshenziswa ingilazi yokukhulisa . Uma ibanga lento ephambi kwengilazi yokukhulisa lingu-10 cm, bungakanani ukuphakama kwesithombe sento eyakhiwe yingilazi yokukhulisa? Iphuzu eliseduze neso elivamile lingu-25 cm.

Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 2 mm
Iphuzu eliseduze neso elijwayelekile (N) = 25 cm
Ibanga lento = 10 cm
Kubuziwe: I-engeli yokukhulisa ye-loupe (M)

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2 Izibonelo zemibuzo mayelana nezinsimbi zekhamera ezibonakalayo

1. Ikhamera ye-analog yelensi eyodwa inobude obuqondile obuyi-10 cm. Ekuqaleni, ikhamera ihlelwe ukuthi ithwebule into engapheli. Uma othile efuna ukusebenzisa ikhamera ukuthwebula into eqhele ngamamitha angu-5, bala:
(a) Ibanga eliphakathi kwefilimu nelensi lapho ikhamera isethelwe ukuthwebula into engapheli,
(b) Ibanga eliphakathi kwefilimu nelensi lapho ikhamera isethelwe ukuthwebula into eqhele ngamamitha ayi-100,
(c) Shintsha indawo yelensi kusukela ekusethweni okungapheli kuya ekusethweni kwamamitha ayi-100. Ingabe ilensi isusiwe efilimini noma iseduze nefilimu?

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Izibonelo eziyi-12 zemibuzo ye-Optical Instrument

Isibuko Esigobile

1. Isithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile sento enokuphakama okungu-h ebekwe kude kakhulu kuno-f (f = ubude obuqondile besibuko)...

A. okubonakalayo, okuqondile, okuncishisiwe

B. ebonakalayo, eqondile, ekhulisiwe

C. yangempela, eqondile, encishisiwe

D. yangempela, eguquliwe, ekhulisiwe

E. yangempela, eguquliwe, encishisiwe

Ingxoxo

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Izingxenye Zekhamera
 
Ikhamera elula iqukethe ilensi eqondile, i-diaphragm yeso, i-shutter nefilimu.
Ilensi eguquguqukayo isebenza ukwakha izithombe zangempela neziguquliwe efilimini. Ngokungafani ne-eyepiece, enobude obuguquguqukayo bokugxila, ilensi yekhamera inobude obuqondile bokugxila. Ilensi yekhamera ilensi egoqekile, hhayi ilensi egoqekile, ngoba isithombe esikhiqizwe ilensi egoqekile sihlala singokoqobo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isithombe esikhiqizwe ilensi egoqekile singokoqobo lapho ibanga lento likhulu kunobude bokugxila. Isithombe sangempela isithombe esikhona ngempela, ngakho-ke lesi sithombe singaqoshwa efilimini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isithombe esibonakalayo isithombe esingamanga, ngakho-ke asinakuqoshwa efilimini. Indawo yesithombe sangempela nesiguquliwe esikhiqizwe ilensi egoqekile ihambisana nendawo yefilimu.

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Incazelo yethelesikopu yasemhlabeni (ama-binoculars)

Ithelesikopu yasemhlabeni noma ama-binocular asemhlabeni iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisetshenziselwa ukubona izinto ezikude ezitholakala ebusweni boMhlaba. Amathelesikopu asemhlabeni asetshenziselwa ukubona izinto ezisebusweni boMhlaba, ngakho-ke isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso kumele siqonde ngqo ukuze kugwenywe ukwenza kube nzima ukubuka. Lokhu kuhlukile kumathelesikopu ezinkanyezi lapho isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso siphendukezelwe. Amathelesikopu ezinkanyezi asetshenziselwa ukubona izinto zasemkhathini njengezinkanyezi namaplanethi anesimo esiyindilinga ukuze izithombe eziphendukezelwe zingabi yinkinga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinto ezisebusweni boMhlaba aziyindilinga, ngakho-ke uma ithelesikopu yasemhlabeni ikhiqiza isithombe esiphendukezelwe, kuzokwenza kube nzima ukubuka. Ukwenza ithelesikopu yasemhlabeni enesithombe sokugcina esiqondile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokwenza ithelesikopu yezinkanyezi enesithombe sokugcina esiphendukezelwe.

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Ubukhulu be-engeli bunquma usayizi wesithombe sento eyakhiwe ku-retina. mataNjengoba kuboniswe esithombeni ohlangothini, lapho into ikude neso, i-engeli iba ncane futhi ngaleyo ndlela isithombe sento eyakhiwe ku-retina yeso siba sincane.

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Incazelo yesibonakude sezinkanyezi (ama-binoculars)

I-telescope yezinkanyezi noma ama-binocular ezinkanyezi iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukubona izinto zasezulwini njengezinkanyezi, amaplanethi, amasathelayithi, njll. ngokucacile. Nakuba ubukhulu bezinto zasezulwini bukhulu kakhulu, ibanga phakathi kwezinto zasezulwini lide kakhulu kangangokuthi uma zibhekwa ngeso, izinto zasezulwini zibonakala zincane. I-telescope yezinkanyezi isebenza ukukhulisa isithombe sezinto zasezulwini ukuze zibonakale ngokucacile ngeso.

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Usayizi we-angular unquma usayizi wesithombe esakhiwe ku-retina. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, uma into incane, usayizi we-angular uba mncane ngakho-ke isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina siba sincane. Usayizi wesithombe esincane ku-retina yisona sizathu esenza iso libe nobunzima bokubona izinto ezincane ngokucacile, ngisho noma zibukwa endaweni evamile eseduze noma ebangeni elingama-25 cm.

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