Ifomula ye-Microscope

Usayizi we-angular unquma usayizi wesithombe esakhiwe ku-retina. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, uma into incane, usayizi we-angular uba mncane ngakho-ke isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina siba sincane. Usayizi wesithombe esincane ku-retina yisona sizathu esenza iso libe nobunzima bokubona izinto ezincane ngokucacile, ngisho noma zibukwa endaweni evamile eseduze noma ebangeni elingama-25 cm.

Ingilazi yokukhulisa noma i-loupe inekhono elilinganiselwe lokukhulisa usayizi we-angular, ngakho-ke uma usayizi wento uncane kakhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukukubona usebenzisa i-loupe, khona-ke kudingeka ithuluzi lokukhanya elinekhono elingcono lokukhulisa usayizi we-angular. Ithuluzi lokukhanya okukhulunywa ngalo yi- microscope yokukhanya . I-microscope yokukhanya iqukethe amalensi amabili aqondile lapho ilensi ngayinye eqondile ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece. Ilensi eqondile isebenza ukwandisa usayizi wesithombe futhi ilethe isithombe eduze nelensi ye-eyepiece ukuze usayizi we-angular ube mkhulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ilensi ye-eyepiece isebenza ukwandisa usayizi we-angular ukuze usayizi wesithombe owakhiwe ku-retina yeso ube mkhulu.

1. Ukwandiswa Okuphelele Kwemakroskopu Uma Iso Lisesimeni Esiphansi Sokuhlala
1.1 Ukwandiswa Okuqondile Kwelensi Yenhloso lapho Iso Lisesimeni Esiphansi Sokuhlala
Ilensi eqondile yi ilensi eqondile Ngakho-ke, ifomula yokukhulisa okuqondile yelensi eqondiwe iyafana nefomula yokukhulisa okuqondile yelensi eqondile.

Isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe sibonwa njengento ilensi eqondiwe. Iso likwazi ukwamukela kancane lapho umsipha we-ciliary weso usesimweni sawo sokukhululeka kakhulu futhi lokhu kufezwa uma isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe sikude kakhulu. Ukuze isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe sikude kakhulu, isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe kumele sibe sendaweni egxile ilensi eqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (s)._ob') = ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece (l) – ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_ok).

Incazelo: m_ob = ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe, l = ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye ne-eyepiece, f_ok = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso, s_ob = ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile
Uphawu olunegethivu alufakwanga ngoba uphawu olunegethivu lubonisa kuphela isithombe esiphendukezelwe.
 
1.2 Ukukhulisa Okuyindilinga Kwelensi Yesivikelo Seso lapho Iso Lisesimweni Esiphansi Sokuhlala
Ilensi ye-eyepiece ilensi egobile, ngakho-ke ifomula yokukhulisa i-eyepiece ilensi iyafana nefomula yokukhulisa i-eyepiece ilensi egobile yengilazi yokukhulisa lapho iso lisesimweni esilinganiselwe.
Ifomula yokukhulisa ingilazi ekhulisayo ye-convex lapho iso lisesimweni esilinganiselwe:
M = N / f
Ubude be-focal (f) buguqulwa bube ubude be-focal belensi ye-eyepiece (f)_ok).
M_ok = N / f_ok
Incazelo: M = ukukhulisa okune-angular, N = ibanga eliseduze nephuzu leso elivamile, f_ok = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso.

1.3 Ukwandiswa Okuphelele Kwe-Angular lapho Iso Lisesimeni Esiphansi Sokuhlala
Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular (M) kuwumkhiqizo wokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe (m)._ob) ngokukhulisa okugobile kwelensi ye-eyepiece (M_ok):

Ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili (l) – ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (f _ok ) = ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondile (s _ob '). Into ibekwe eduze kakhulu nendawo eqondile yelensi eqondile, ngakho-ke ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile (s _ob ) licishe lifane nobude obuqondile belensi eqondile (f _ob ).

Isithombe sokugcina singokoqobo, siguquliwe, futhi sikude kakhulu, futhi asipheli 😉 . Ibanga elingenamkhawulo lesithombe sokugcina alisho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe sokugcina awunamkhawulo.

2. Ukwandiswa Okuphelele Kwemakroskopu Uma Iso Lisendaweni Ephezulu Yokuhlala
2.1 Ukwandiswa Okuqondile Kwelensi Yenhloso lapho Iso Lisendaweni Ephezulu Yokuhlala
Ilensi ye-eyepiece ilensi eqondile, ngakho-ke ifomula yokukhulisa eqondile yelensi ye-eyepiece ifana nefomula yokukhulisa eqondile yelensi eqondile.

Isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondiwe sibhekwa njengento elensi yeso. Iso likwazi ukwamukela ngokugcwele lapho umsipha we-ciliary weso usesimweni esinzima kakhulu futhi lokhu kufezwa uma isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso singama-25 cm ukusuka ilensi yeso, lapho ama-25 cm eyiphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile. Uma ibanga lesithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso (s _ok ') lifana nephuzu eliseduze leso elivamile (N) khona-ke ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka ilensi yeso (s _ok ):

Isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi ye-eyepiece sibonakala nge-inthanethi ngakho-ke sinikezwa uphawu olubi.

Kulungile yibanga lesithombe sangempela (into) kusuka kulensi ye-eyepiece. s _{ob '} yibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe. s _ob ' + s _ok = ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili (l). Ngakho-ke s _ob ' = l – s _ok

Incazelo: m_ob = ukukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe, l = ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye ne-eyepiece, s_ok = ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi ye-eyepiece, s_ob = ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondile
Uphawu olunegethivu alufakwanga ngoba uphawu olunegethivu lubonisa kuphela isithombe esiphendukezelwe.

2.2 Ukukhulisa Okuyindilinga Kwelensi Yesivikelo Seso lapho Iso Lisezingeni Eliphezulu Lokuhlala
Ilensi ye-eyepiece ilensi egobile, ngakho-ke ifomula yokukhulisa i-eyepiece ilensi iyafana nefomula yokukhulisa i-eyepiece ilensi egobile yengilazi ekhulisayo lapho iso lisesimweni esiphezulu.
Ifomula yokukhulisa ingilazi ekhulisayo eqondile lapho iso lisesimweni esiphezulu:

Incazelo: M = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular, N = indawo eseduze neso elivamile, f = ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece.
 
2.3 Ukwandiswa Okuphelele Kwe-Angular lapho Iso Lisesimeni Esiphezulu Sokuhlala
Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular (M) kuwumkhiqizo wokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe (m)._ob) ngokukhulisa okugobile kwelensi ye-eyepiece (M_ok).

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece (l) – ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi ye-eyepiece (kulungile ₎ = ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (s _ob '). Into ibekwe eduze kakhulu nendawo egxile kulensi eqondiwe, ngakho-ke ibanga lento kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (s _ob ) licishe lifane nobude obugxile belensi eqondiwe (f _ob ). Ngakho-ke, ifomula engenhla ingashintshwa ibe: