Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm: Chinhu Chinokosha Mumasero

Mukudzidza nezve cellular biology, kunzwisisa marongerwo emasero uye mashandiro awo kwakakosha. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvesero rega rega i cytoplasm. Cytoplasm chinhu chiri mukati me membrane yesero, kunze kwe nucleus iri mumasero eukaryotic. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekuongorora cytoplasm, ichiratidza mabasa ayo nebasa rayo mukushanda kwemasero.

Tsanangudzo yeCytoplasm

Cytoplasm inogona kutsanangurwa sechikamu chesero chakakomberedzwa neplasma membrane uye chakakomberedza nucleus. Cytoplasm ine zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakakosha, zvakaita se organelles, cytosol, uye cellular inclusions. Cytosol imvura ye semi-fluid inoshanda senzira yemakemikari ekuita uye kutakura mamorekuru mukati mesero. Inewo mapuroteni anobatsira mukugadzirwa kwemasero.

Zvikamu zveCytoplasmic

1. Cytosol: Ichi chikamu chemvura che cytoplasm, chine mvura, munyu, uye mamorekuru eorganic akadai semapuroteni. Cytosol inoshanda senzvimbo inosungirirwa ma organelles emasero uye uko kunoitika maitiro akawanda ekugadzirisa muviri.

2. MaOrganelles: Cytoplasm inewo maOrganelles akakosha, rimwe nerimwe rine basa raro. Mamwe acho ndeaya:
– Mitochondria: Inozivikanwa se "simba" resero, mitochondria ndiyo inokonzeresa kugadzirwa kweATP kuburikidza nekufema kwesero.
– Ribosomes: Dzinoita basa guru mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, ribosomes dzinogona kuwanikwa dzisina mapuroteni mu cytoplasm kana kuti dzakabatana ne endoplasmic reticulum.
– Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): Ine mhando mbiri, rough ER uye smooth ER. Rough ER inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemapuroteni, nepo smooth ER inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwema lipids uye kubviswa kweropa mumuviri.
– Golgi Apparatus: Inoshanda mukugadzirisa, kurongedza, uye kugoverwa kwemapuroteni nemalipids anogadzirwa neER.
– Lysosomes: Ine ma enzymes anogaya zvinhu zvemasero zvisingadiwi kana kuti zvakakuvara.
– Peroxisomes: Inobatanidzwa mune mamwe maitiro e oxidation uye detoxification.

3. Cytoskeleton: Sisitimu yemapuroteni anopa rutsigiro rwechimiro nechimiro kumasero, uye inobatsira kufamba kwemukati nekufambisa.

4. Zvinhu Zvinosanganisirwa muCellular: Zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita seglycogen kana lipid drops, zvinochengetwa mu cytoplasm uye zvinoshandiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa ne metabolic cell.

Mabasa eCytoplasm

Cytoplasm inoita basa rakakosha mumasero ine mabasa anotevera:

1. Nzvimbo inoitika maitiro ekuchinja kwemuviri: Ma enzymes mazhinji ari mu cytosol anobatsira maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuongorora kwemakemikari akadai se glycolysis, iyo inokosha mukupa simba kumasero.

2. Kuchengetedzwa kweMolecular: Cytoplasm inochengeta mamorekuru akasiyana-siyana anodiwa kuti masero ashande zvakanaka, kusanganisira maion, mapuroteni, uye zvinovaka muviri.

3. Kutakurwa Kwemukati memasero: Cytoplasm inopa nzira yekufamba kwezvinhu mukati mesero kuburikidza nekupararira uye kutakurwa kwemasero.

4. Kudzora pH yemasero: Cytoplasm inobatsira mukuchengetedza acid-base balance mumasero nekubatanidza maitiro ane hydrogen ions.

5. Mhinduro kuMamiriro Ezvinhu: Cytoplasm inobvumira masero kupindura kune shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza nekudzora mashandiro ema enzyme uye kutakurwa kwemamorekuru.

Basa reCytoplasm muEukaryotic neProkaryotic Cells

Cytoplasm inoita mabasa akakosha mumasero eukaryotic neprokaryotic, kunyange hazvo mamwe emabasa aya akasiyana pakati pemarudzi maviri emasero.

– Masero eEukaryotic: Mumasero eeukaryotic, cytoplasm inosanganisira cytosol, organelles, uye cytoskeleton izvo zvinoita basa rekutsigira nekufambisa mabasa akadai sekugadzira mapuroteni, kugadzira simba, uye kufamba kwemasero.

– Masero eProkaryotic: Masero eProkaryotic, akadai sebhakitiriya, haana nucleus kana organelles dzakasungwa nemembrane, saka cytoplasm inoita basa rakananga mumabasa ese emasero. Maitiro akadai sekukopana kweDNA, kunyorwa, uye kushandurwa anoitika mu cytoplasm.

Mhedzisiro Yekusagadzikana muCytoplasm

Kusarongeka kwemuumbirwo kana mashandiro e cytoplasm kunogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kusarongeka kwekupararira kwemaion nema organic molecules mu cytoplasm kunogona kukanganisa osmoregulation uye kutaurirana kwemasero, zvichigona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakaita sekenza, chirwere cheshuga, uye zvirwere zvetsinga.

Tsvagiridzo uye Zvitsva zvine chekuita neCytoplasm

Mukutsvaga kwe biotechnology, cytoplasm inonyanya kukoshesa kugadzira nzira dzekugadzirisa majini uye kurapa nemasero. Semuenzaniso, kuunzwa kwemajini kana mamorekuru ekurapa kuburikidza ne cytoplasm inyaya ine tariro yekurapa zvirwere zvemajini negomarara.

Mhedziso

Cytoplasm chinhu chakakosha mumasero, chinoshanda mabasa akaomarara uye ane mativi akawanda, kubva pakubatsira kuita ma "biochemical reactions" kusvika pakutsigira kufamba kwemasero nekudzivirira. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwe cytoplasm hakungokoshi chete ku biology yemasero asiwo kune zvakunoreva zvakawanda mukutsvagisa kwezvokurapa uye biotechnology. Kufambira mberi mune zvidzidzo zve cytoplasm kunotarisirwa kupa ruzivo rutsva rwekuvandudza matekinoroji ehutano nekurapa masero.