Cytosol: Chikamu Chisingaonekwe cheMasero
Patinodzidza nezve biology yemasero, tinowanzo tarisa pazvinhu zvinoonekwa uye zvinonyatsozivikanwa, zvakaita se nucleus, mitochondria, uye endoplasmic reticulum. Zvisinei, mukati mesero mune nzvimbo yakakura uye inowanzo tariswa: cytosol. Cytosol imvura yakaoma iri mukati memasero uko maitiro ekugadzirisa muviri anoitika uye zvimwe zvikamu zvemasero zvinoyangarara. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora ins and outs ye cytosol, basa rayo musero, uye kuti nei ichikosha zvikuru kuhupenyu hwemasero.
Chii chinonzi Cytosol?
Tisati taenderera mberi nekukurukura, zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati pecytosol necytoplasm. Cytosol chikamu chemvura checytoplasm, chisingabatanidzi maorganelles nema intracellular structures akaita secytoskeleton. Panguva imwecheteyo, cytoplasm inofukidza zvese zviri mu cell mukati me plasma membrane, kunze kwe nucleus. Nemamwe mashoko, dai cytoplasm yaifananidzwa neguta, saka cytosol yaizova migwagwa nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinobatanidza zvivakwa.
Cytosol inonyanya kureva mvura, asi pasinei nezita rayo rekuti "cellular fluid," haisi mvura yakachena. Ine munyu wakanyungudika, mamorekuru eorganic, maion, uye mapuroteni. Kugadzikana kwayo kwakafanana nejeli nekuda kwekuvapo kwemacromolecule nemapuroteni akanyungudika, zvichiita kuti ive nzvimbo yakanaka yekuchinjana kwemakemikari mumuviri.
Kuumbwa kweCytosol
Cytosol musanganiswa wakaomarara wemamorekuru akasiyana-siyana. Inenge 70-80% yecytosol imvura, iyo inoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza chimiro chesero uye kubvumira mamorekuru kufamba nekuita mashandiro emakemikari. Pamusoro pemvura, cytosol ine:
1. Mapuroteni nemaEnzymes: Mapuroteni ndiwo chikamu chikuru checytosol, kusanganisira maenzymes anokonzera maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa muviri. Mienzaniso yemaenzymes anowanikwa mucytosol inosanganisira maenzymes matanhatu enzira yeglycolysis, ayo anobatsira kuputsa glucose kuti igadzire simba.
2. MaIon neMunyu: MaIon akadai sepotassium, sodium, magnesium, uye calcium anonyungudutswa mu cytosol uye anoita basa rekudzora mashandiro emasero kuburikidza nekudzora kugona kwemembrane uye masaini emasero.
3. Mamorekuru eOrganic: Izvi zvinosanganisira makabhohaidhiretsi, maamino acid, manucleotides, uye mafuta. Mamorekuru aya eorganic akakosha pakugadzirwa kwemamorekuru.
4. Mafilamenti eCytoskeletal: Kunyange zvazvo asiri chikamu chemvura yecytosolic, filaments dzecytoskeletal dzinotsigira chimiro uye nzira dzekutakura mamorekuru nemaorganelles mukati mesero.
Mabasa eCytosol
Kunyange zvazvo ichiwanzofuratirwa, cytosol ine mabasa akasiyana-siyana akakosha:
1. Panoitika Metabolism: Nzira dzakawanda dzemetabolism mumasero, kusanganisira glycolysis, dzinoitika mu cytosol. Ma enzymes uye substrates dzenzira idzi dziripo mu cytosol, uye chibereko che glycolysis i pyruvic acid, iyo inogona kushandiswazve mu mitochondria kuti iwedzere kugadzirwa kwesimba.
2. Kutakurwa Kwemukati memasero: Cytosol inoshanda senzira iyo mamorekuru nemaorganelles anogona kufamba mukati mesero. Ma microtubules nema microfilaments e cytoskeleton anopa nzira dzekutakura ma vesicles nemaorganelles mukati me cytosol kuburikidza nema mechanisms ema motor proteins akadai se kinesin ne dynein.
3. Kudzora Osmosis neVolume yeSero: Kuwanda kwemaion mucytosol kunokanganisa kumanikidzwa kweosmotic, izvo zvinokanganisawo kudzorwa kwevhoriyamu yesero. Kudzora uku kwakakosha pakuchengetedza hutano hwesero uye kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwesero kana kudzikira nekuda kwekuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kweosmotic.
4. Kuendeswa kwezviratidzo: Nzira dzakawanda dzekutumira zviratidzo dzinoshandisa mapuroteni nemaion zvakanyungudutswa mu cytosol. Zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kubva kunze kwesero uye zvinokonzeresa mhinduro dzakadai sekuwedzera, apoptosis, kana shanduko mumetabolism.
Kugadziriswa kweCytosol muMasero Akasiyana
Kufanana nezvimwe zvikamu zvakawanda zvemasero, kuumbwa uye kushanda kwecytosol kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwesero nenzvimbo yaro. Semuenzaniso, masero emhasuru anoda huwandu hwakawanda hwecalcium ions mucytosol kuti tsandanyama dziite nyore. Panguva imwe chete, masero emiti nemabhakitiriya anogona kunge aine zvikamu zvecytosolic zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza nekushandura simba mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ezvakatipoteredza.
Cytosol seChinangwa Chekutsvaga
Nekuti mabasa makuru emakemikari anoitika mu cytosol, hazvishamisi kuti tsvakurudzo yakakosha yakatarisana nekuyera ma cytosolic parameters akadai se pH, huwandu hwe ion, uye viscosity. Kuchinja uku kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakawanda uye mamiriro ezvinhu anokonzeresa chirwere. Semuenzaniso, kusashanda zvakanaka kwe ionic regulation kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwema membrane proteins kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakaita se cystic fibrosis.
Mukudzidza nezvemishonga, cytosol iri kudzidzwawo sechinangwa chekugadzirwa kwemishonga. Mapuroteni ari mucytosol anogona kushanda sechinangwa chemakemikari ekurapa, akadai sema enzymes chaiwo anobatanidzwa munzira dzekuchinja kwemasero ekenza anogona kudziviswa pakurapa kenza.
Mhedziso
Cytosol inogona kunge isina maumbirwo akawanda anoshamisa semamwe ma organelles, asi inoita basa guru mukuchengetedza mashandiro emasero uye hutano. Nekubatsira maitiro ekugadzirisa muviri, kudzora kuumbwa kwemakemikari emukati, uye kugonesa kutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zvemasero, cytosol inokosha kuhupenyu hwemasero.
Kudzidza nezve cytosol kuri kuramba kuchichinja, uye nekufambira mberi mu tekinoroji ye microscopy uye kuongorora biochemical, tiri kunzwisisa zvakanyanya kuoma kwenyika diki inozadza nzvimbo dziri mukati memasero. Remangwana rekutsvaga uku rinovimbisa kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti shanduko mu cytosol dzinogona sei kukanganisa hutano, zvichitibatsira kuwana mhinduro itsva kumatambudziko akasiyana-siyana ezvekurapa. Munyika ine kukoshesa kuri kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvidiki zvehupenyu, cytosol inomira seimwe yevanhu "vasingaonekwe" asi vakakosha mu biology yemasero.
