Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

1. Nguva yekusashanda zvakanaka kwechikamu

Ongorora chidimbu chinotenderera. Chidimbu chine huremu m chinopihwa simba F kuitira kuti chidimbu chitenderere kutenderedza axis O. Chidimbu chacho chakasiyana ne axis yekutenderera. Kutanga, chidimbu chacho chiri pa rest (v = 0). Mushure mekufamba nesimba ra F, zvidimbu zvinofamba nekumhanya kwakati kuti kuitira kuti zvidimbu zvive nekumhanya kwakati. Hukama huripo pakati pesimba (F), huremu (m), uye kukurumidza kwakati kwezvidimbu kunoratidzwa ne equation 3:

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Tsanangudzo yemagetsi emagetsi

Mumuchina wekufambisa magetsi wakaita semhangura, mune maerekitironi anofamba zvisina tsarukano nekumhanya kwakanyanya asi asingabude musimbi. Maerekitironi anogona kufamba zvakasununguka anonzi maerekitironi akasununguka. Kunyange zvazvo maerekitironi achifamba zvakasununguka kumativi ese, hapana kuyerera kwemaerekitironi kwakazara munzira yakati. Izvi zvinoitika kana pasina musiyano uripo pakati pemagumo maviri ewaya yemhangura.

Kana waya yakabatana nechinhu chemagetsi, mutsauko ungavapo pakati pemativi maviri ewaya yemhangura, zvekuti munda wemagetsi unoonekwa mukati mewaya yemhangura. Kuvapo kwemunda wemagetsi kunoita kuti maerekitironi akasununguka anzwe simba remagetsi F = q E = e E, apo F = simba remagetsi, e = kuchaja maerekitironi, E = munda wemagetsiSimba iri remagetsi rinoita kuti maerekitironi ese ari kufamba zvakasununguka amhanye pamwe chete, iro riri divi rimwe chete neremagetsi.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro peTsananguro ye capacitor

Tsanangudzo ye capacitor mudziyo unochengetedza chaji yemagetsi uye simba remagetsi. Capacitor iri nyore ine maplate maviri kana masheti anofambiswa pamwe chete asi asingabatane uye anoparadzaniswa neinsulator kana vacuum. Maconductor zvinhu zvinogona kuitisa magetsi zvakaita sesimbi, nepo mainsulator zvinhu zvisingakwanise kuitisa magetsi zvakaita sepurasitiki.

Pakutanga, maconductor maviri aya haana magetsi kana kuti magetsi asina simba. Kuti conductor imwe ive nechaji yakanaka uye imwe conductor ive nechaji yakaipa, panofanira kunge paine kutamiswa kwemaerekitironi kubva kune imwe conductor kuenda kune imwe. Maerekitironi ari pamusoro peatomu, saka zviri nyore kufamba. Mushure mekunge erekitironi yatama kubva kune imwe conductor kuenda kune imwe, imwe ye conductors ine huwandu hwakawandisa hwe maerekitironi (kushomeka kwemapurotoni)

zvekuti inochajwa zvisina kunaka, ukuwo imwe kondakita iine kushomeka kwemaerekitironi (proton yakawandisa) zvekuti inochajwa zvakanaka. Tsananguro yakadzama yemaitiro ekuchaja magetsi pamacapacitor inoongororwa pamusoro penyaya yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi mumacapacitor.

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Tsanangudzo yesimba remagetsi

Simba remagetsi rinotsanangurwa se simba remagetsi payuniti imwe neimwe. Ngatitii kana yasvika padanho a, q ine simba remagetsi rakaenzana neEP_a, ipapo simba remagetsi panzvimbo a rinogadzirwa seizvi:

V = simba remagetsi, EP = simba remagetsi, q = kuchaja kwemagetsi

V haisi panzvimbo a chete asiwo panzvimbo dzose dziri mu munda wemagetsi. Poindi a inoshandiswa semuenzaniso. Sezvazvichatsanangurwa gare gare, V haitsamiri pane chaji q.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro pesimba remagetsi

Usati wadzidza nyaya iyi, tanga wanzwisisa basa, masimba ekuchengetedza, hukama huripo pakati pemasimba ekuchengetedza ne simba rinobvira, ivo masimba emagetsi uye munda wemagetsi.

Simba remagetsi ndiro simba rekuchengetedza

Kuwedzera kune simba regiravhiti nesimba rechitubu, mumwe muenzaniso wesimba rekuchengetedza isimba remagetsi. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti sei simba remagetsi richinzi simba rekuchengetedza, nzwisisa tsananguro inotevera.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro peKuona munda wemagetsi uchishandisa mutemo weGauss

Munda wemagetsi nekubhadharisa poindi imwe chete

Kuti uverenge munda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nechaji imwe chete, danho rekutanga nderekusarudza nzvimbo yeGauss yakatenderera ine radius r apo pakati pebhora iri pachaji imwe chete. Nzvimbo yepamusoro yebhora i4πr².

Munda wemagetsi unobuda pakati pedenderedzwa unopinda wakatwasuka pamusoro pedenderedzwa zvekuti fomura yemagetsi inoyerera Φ = E A. Fomura yemutemo waGauss ndeye Φ = Q/ε_o

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Chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo waGauss

Kutaura Mutemo weCoulomb, simba riri pakati pemagetsi rakadzidzwa. Mukuongorora munda wemagetsi, imwe mhando yemutemo waCoulomb yakakurukurwa, iyo inoratidzwa ne equation F = q E,

apo F iri simba remagetsi, q iri simba remagetsi uye E iri simba remagetsi. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mutemo waCoulomb mutemo wefizikisi unotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi (q) nesimba remagetsi (E).

Mutemo waGauss mumwe mutemo wefizikisi unotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi anochaja neminda yemagetsi. Mutemo waGauss wakagadzirwa na Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855), nyanzvi yefizikisi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu yekuGermany.

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Tsanangudzo yemagetsi anoyerera

Nezvemunda wemagetsi, zvakakurukurwa nezvetsananguro uye equation ye munda wemagetsi iyo inogona kushandiswa kuverenga simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, machaji akawanda emagetsi kana nekugoverwa kwechaji yemagetsi. Kuverengwa kwesimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi kana machaji maviri emagetsi kunogadziriswa zviri nyore uchishandisa fomura yesimba remagetsi. Kana chakaverengerwa chiri simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, kuverenga kwacho kwakaoma kana fomura yesimba remagetsi ikashandisa, asi zviri nyore kushandisa. Mutemo waGaussUsati wadzidza mutemo weGauss zvakadzama, tanga wanzwisisa kuti kuyerera kwemagetsi nekuda kwepfungwa yekuyerera kwemagetsi inoshandiswa mumutemo weGauss.

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Chinyorwa pamusoro pemunda weMagetsi

Panyaya yekuchaja kwemagetsi, zvakadzidzwa kuti semachaji anodzingana, asi kusiyana nemachaji kunokwezvana. Kana chinhu chakasimba chakaswededzwa pedyo nechinhu chakasimba, zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinobatana kuitira kuti zvienderane. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chakasimba chakaswededzwa pedyo nechinhu chakasimba, zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinodzingana kuitira kuti zvibve pane chimwe nechimwe. Sezvakadzidzwa panyaya yemutemo waCoulomb, zvinhu zvakasimba zvinogona kukurumidzisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba nekuti pane simba remagetsi rinoshanda pakati pezvinhu izvi zvakasimba. Simba remagetsi rinoitwa nechinhu chakasimba pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba ndeimwe muenzaniso wesimba rinogona kushanda pasina kusangana. Mumwe muenzaniso wesimba rinogona kushanda pane mufambo ndiro simba regiravhitiSimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinoitwa nechinhu chine huremu pane zvimwe zvinhu zvine huremu.

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