Tsanangudzo yemagetsi anoyerera
Nezvemunda wemagetsi, zvakakurukurwa nezve tsananguro uye equation yemunda wemagetsi inogona kushandiswa kuverenga simba remunda wemagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, machaji emagetsi akati wandei kana nekugoverwa kwechaji yemagetsi. Kuverengwa kwesimba remunda wemagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi kana machaji maviri emagetsi kunogadziriswa zviri nyore uchishandisa fomura yesimba remunda wemagetsi. Kana chiri kuverengerwa chiri simba remunda wemagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, kuverenga kwacho kwakaoma kana fomura yesimba remunda wemagetsi ikashandiswa, asi zviri nyore kushandisa mutemo waGauss . Usati wadzidza mutemo waGauss zvakadzama, tanga wanzwisisa kuti flux yemagetsi inoyerera nekuda kwepfungwa yeflux yemagetsi inoshandiswa mumutemo waGauss.
Izwi rekuti flux rinobva pashoko rechiLatini, fluere, rinoreva kuyerera. Kuyerera kwemagetsi kunogona kududzirwa sekuyerera kwesimba remagetsi. Izwi rekuti kuyerera pano hariratidzi munda wemagetsi unoyerera semvura inoyerera, asi rinotsanangura kuvapo kwemunda wemagetsi unotungamira kune imwe nzira. Nezvemitsetse yemagetsi, zvakatsanangurwa kuti munda wemagetsi unoonekwa kana kudhirowa uchishandisa mitsetse yemagetsi, uye nekudaro kuyerera kwemagetsi kunotsanangurwawo semitsetse yemagetsi. Saka kuyerera kwemagetsi mutsetse wemagetsi unopfuura nenzvimbo yakatarwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.
Kuenzanisa kwemagetsi
Pamasvomhu, kuyerera kwemagetsi ndicho chigadzirwa chemunda wemagetsi (E), nzvimbo yepamusoro (A) uye cosine yekona iri pakati pemutsetse wemunda wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika wakatarisana nepamusoro.
F = EA cos θ ………………. (Equation 1)
Kana mitsetse yemagetsi yakatarisana nenzvimbo yepamusoro yavanodarika sezviri pamufananidzo, ipapo kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika i0 o , apo cos 0 o = 1. Saka, fomura yemagetsi inoshanduka kuita:
F = EA cos 0o = EA (1)
F = EA …………. (Equation 2)
Zvichibva pafomura, kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro apa kunopedzisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Chekutanga, kuyerera kwemagetsi kwakanyanya kana mutsetse wemagetsi wakatarisana nenzvimbo yepamusoro nekuti pamamiriro aya kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika iri 0o, apo cosine 0o iri 1. Chechipiri, kuyerera kwemagetsi kudiki kana mutsetse wemagetsi wakaenzana nenzvimbo yepamusoro nekuti pamamiriro aya kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika iri 90 o , apo cosine 90 o iri 0. Chechitatu, kuyerera kwemagetsi kunoenderana nemunda wemagetsi (E) nenzvimbo yepamusoro (A). Kuwedzera kune nzvimbo yepamusoro yakaita sesikweya semumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, nzvimbo yepamusoro inogonawo kuva yakatenderera nezvimwe.
Kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro penzvimbo yakavharwa
Chaji yemagetsi yatsanangurwa kare inoshandisa muenzaniso wenzvimbo yakavhurika (nzvimbo ine sikweya kana rectangular). Mafungu emagetsi anoyerera sei panzvimbo dzakavharwa dzakadai sema cubes, matanda, kana mabhora? Ngatitii kune mitsetse yemagetsi inopfuura nepakati pedanda, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.
Mitsetse yemagetsi ine ruvara rwebhuruu inoenderana nenzvimbo dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzedanda zvekuti dzinoumba kona ye90o nemutsetse wakajairika wepamusoro nepazasi. Saka, kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro nepazasi pedanda F = EA cos 90o = EA (0) = 0.
Mitsetse yemagetsi inopiwa ruvara rweyero inoenderana nenzvimbo dzerudyi nedzeruboshwe dzedanda zvekuti dzinogadzira kona ye90 o nemutsetse wakajairika wenzvimbo dzeruboshwe nedzeruboshwe. Saka, kuyerera kwemagetsi kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwedanda ndiko F = EA cos 90 o = EA (0) = 0.
Mitsetse yemagetsi inopiwa mutsetse mutsvuku wakatarisana nepamusoro pemberi nepashure pedanda kuitira kuti igadzire kona ye0 o nemutsetse wakajairika wepamusoro pepamberi nepashure. Saka, flux yemagetsi F = EA cos 0 o = EA (1) = E A.
Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, mitsetse mitsvuku inooneka yemunda wemagetsi inopinda mudanda yobva yabuda mudanda. Kana mitsetse yemunda wemagetsi ikapinda mudanda sekunge mune chaji isina kunaka mukati medanda, flux yemagetsi inenge isina kunaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mitsetse yemunda wemagetsi ikabuda mudanda sekunge kune chaji yakanaka mukati medanda, flux yemagetsi inenge yakanaka. Pamhando yepamusoro, kana huwandu hwemitsetse yemunda wemagetsi inopinda mudanda hwakaenzana nehuwandu hwemitsetse yemunda wemagetsi inobuda mudanda, flux yemagetsi inobuda izero. Pahuwandu, flux yemagetsi inopinda mudanda inoverengwa nenzira inotevera: flux yemagetsi inouya = F 1 = – EA cos 0 o = – EA (1) = -EA uye flux yemagetsi inobuda = F 2 = + EA cos 0 o = + EA (1) = + E A. Huwandu hwemagetsi hunobuda F = – F 1 + F 2 = -EA + EA = 0.
Zvichibva pakuverenga kuri pamusoro apa, zvakagumiswa kuti huwandu hwese hwemagetsi hunopfuura nepaburi remwenje sezviri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro izero. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti huwandu hwese hwemagetsi izero nekuti hapana chaji yemagetsi muburi remwenje. Saka kana pasina chaji yemagetsi panzvimbo yakavharwa senge matanda, macube, mabhora, nezvimwewo, huwandu hwese hwemagetsi izero. Ko kana paine chaji yemagetsi panzvimbo yakavharwa?
Ngatitii pane chaji yemagetsi pakati pebhora, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri padivi. Mitsetse mina yesimba remagetsi inotsanangurwa seinomiririra mitsara yemimwe minda yemagetsi inobuda kubva pakati pebhora yakatarisana nepamusoro pebhora. Mutsetse wega wega wakatarisana nepamusoro pebhora, iro rinoumba kona ye0.o nemutsetse wakajairika wakatwasuka pamusoro pebhora.
Kuyerera kwemagetsi pabhora: Φ = E A.
Fomura yesimba remagetsi iE = kq / r 2 , uye equation yenzvimbo yepamusoro yesphere iA = 4 pr 2 kuitira kuti fomura yemagetsi inoshanduka kuita:
Kana chaji iri pakati pebhora iri + 2Q, zvinoreva kuti flux yemagetsi iri pabhora iri
Zvichibva pafomura yemagetsi inoyerera, zvakagumiswa kuti kana paine chaji yemagetsi pamusoro pedenderedzwa rakavharwa,
Kukosha kwemagetsi anoyerera pabhora hakutsamiri padhayamita kana radius yebhora. Hukuru hwemagetsi anoyerera hunopetwa ka4πk kupfuura huwandu hwemagetsi ari mubhora, kana kuti ka1/ε o kupfuura huwandu hwemagetsi ari mubhora.
Chikamu chemagetsi chinoyerera
Fomura yekutanga yemagetsi inoyerera ndeye F = EA, apo E ndiyo simba remagetsi uye A ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro. Chikamu chemagetsi chinoyera Newton paCoulomb (N/C), uye chikamu chenzvimbo yepamusoro i square meter (m2 ) saka chikamu chemagetsi chinoyera Newton paCoulomb (Nm2 / C).
