Kuyerera kwemagetsi

Tsanangudzo yemagetsi anoyerera

Nezvemunda wemagetsi, zvakakurukurwa nezvetsananguro uye equation ye munda wemagetsi iyo inogona kushandiswa kuverenga simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, machaji akawanda emagetsi kana nekugoverwa kwechaji yemagetsi. Kuverengwa kwesimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi kana machaji maviri emagetsi kunogadziriswa zviri nyore uchishandisa fomura yesimba remagetsi. Kana chakaverengerwa chiri simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, kuverenga kwacho kwakaoma kana fomura yesimba remagetsi ikashandisa, asi zviri nyore kushandisa. Mutemo waGaussUsati wadzidza mutemo weGauss zvakadzama, tanga wanzwisisa kuti kuyerera kwemagetsi nekuda kwepfungwa yekuyerera kwemagetsi inoshandiswa mumutemo weGauss.

Izwi rekuti flux rinobva pashoko rechiLatini, fluere, rinoreva kuyerera. Kuyerera kwemagetsi kunogona kududzirwa sekuyerera kwesimba remagetsi. Izwi rekuti kuyerera pano hariratidzi munda wemagetsi unoyerera semvura inoyerera, asi rinotsanangura kuvapo kwemunda wemagetsi unotungamira kune imwe nzira. Nezvemitsetse yemagetsi, zvakatsanangurwa kuti munda wemagetsi unoonekwa kana kudhirowa uchishandisa mitsetse yemagetsi, uye nekudaro kuyerera kwemagetsi kunotsanangurwawo semitsetse yemagetsi. Saka kuyerera kwemagetsi mutsetse wemagetsi unopfuura nenzvimbo yakatarwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi.

Kuenzanisa kwemagetsi

Pamasvomhu, kuyerera kwemagetsi ndicho chigadzirwa chemunda wemagetsi (E), nzvimbo yepamusoro (A) uye cosine yekona iri pakati pemutsetse wemunda wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika wakatarisana nepamusoro.

F = EA cos θ ………………. (Equation 1)

Kana mitsetse yemagetsi yakatarisana nenzvimbo yepamusoro yavanodarika sezviri pamufananidzo, ipapo kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika i0^o, uko 0^o = 1. Saka, fomura yemagetsi inoshanduka kuita:

F = EA cos 0^o = EA (1)

F = EA …………. (Equation 2)

Zvichibva pafomura, kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro apa kunopedzisa zvinhu zvakawanda. Chekutanga, kuyerera kwemagetsi kwakanyanya kana mutsetse wemagetsi wakatarisana nenzvimbo yepamusoro nekuti pamamiriro ezvinhu aya kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika iri 0o, apo cosine 0o iri 1. Chechipiri, kuyerera kwemagetsi kudiki kana mutsetse wemagetsi wakaenzana nenzvimbo yepamusoro nekuti pamamiriro aya kona iri pakati pemutsetse wemagetsi nemutsetse wakajairika iri 90^o, apo cosine iri 90^o i0. Chechitatu, kuyerera kwemagetsi kunoenderana nemunda wemagetsi (E) nenzvimbo yepamusoro (A). Pamusoro penzvimbo yepamusoro yakaita sesikweya sezviri mumuenzaniso uri pamusoro, nzvimbo yepamusoro inogonawo kuva yakatenderera nezvimwewo.

Kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro penzvimbo yakavharwa

Chaji yemagetsi yatsanangurwa kare inoshandisa muenzaniso wenzvimbo yakavhurika (nzvimbo ine sikweya kana rectangular). Mafungu emagetsi anoyerera sei panzvimbo dzakavharwa dzakadai sema cubes, matanda, kana mabhora? Ngatitii kune mitsetse yemagetsi inopfuura nepakati pedanda, sezvakaratidzwa pazasi.

Mitsetse yemagetsi ine ruvara rwebhuruu inoenderana nenzvimbo dzepamusoro nedzepasi dzedanda zvekuti dzinoumba kona ye90^o nemutsetse wakajairika wepamusoro nepazasi. Saka, kuyerera kwemagetsi pamusoro nepazasi pedanda F = EA cos 90^o = EA (0) = 0.

Mitsetse yemagetsi inopiwa ruvara rweyero inoenderana nerutivi rwerudyi nerweruboshwe rwedanda kuitira kuti igadzire kona ye90^o nemutsetse wakajairika wemativi ekuruboshwe nerudyi. Saka, kuyerera kwemagetsi kurudyi nekuruboshwe kwedanda ndiko F = EA cos 90^o = EA (0) = 0.

Mitsetse yemagetsi inopihwa ruvara rutsvuku rwakatarisana nepamusoro pedanda remberi nerekumashure kuitira kuti igadzire 0^o kona ine mutsetse wakajairika wepamberi nepashure. Saka, kuyerera kwemagetsi F = EA cos 0^o = EA (1) = E A.

Mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, mitsetse mitsvuku inooneka yemunda wemagetsi inopinda mudanda yozobuda mudanda. Kana mitsetse yemunda wemagetsi ikapinda mudanda sekunge kune chaji isina kunaka mukati medanda, flux yemagetsi inova negative. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mitsetse yemunda wemagetsi ikabuda mudanda sekunge kune chaji yakanaka mukati medanda, flux yemagetsi inova negative. Panyaya yehunhu, kana nhamba yemitsetse yemunda wemagetsi inopinda mudanda yakaenzana nenhamba yemitsetse yemunda wemagetsi inobuda mudanda, flux yemagetsi inobuda izero. Pahuwandu, flux yemagetsi inobuda inopfuura nepakati pedanda inoverengwa nenzira inotevera: flux yemagetsi inopinda = F₁ = – EA cos 0^o = – EA (1) = -EA uye kubuda kwemagetsi = F₂ = + EA cos 0^o = + EA (1) = + E A. Kuyerera kwemagetsi kwese F = – F₁ +F₂ = -EA + EA = 0.

Zvichibva pakuverenga kuri pamusoro apa, zvakagumiswa kuti huwandu hwese hwemagetsi hunopfuura nepaburi remwenje sezviri pamufananidzo uri pamusoro izero. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti huwandu hwese hwemagetsi izero nekuti hapana chaji yemagetsi muburi remwenje. Saka kana pasina chaji yemagetsi panzvimbo yakavharwa senge matanda, macube, mabhora, nezvimwewo, huwandu hwese hwemagetsi izero. Ko kana paine chaji yemagetsi panzvimbo yakavharwa?

Ngatitii pane chaji yemagetsi pakati pebhora, sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo uri padivi. Mitsetse mina yesimba remagetsi inotsanangurwa seinomiririra mitsara yemimwe minda yemagetsi inobuda kubva pakati pebhora yakatarisana nepamusoro pebhora. Mutsetse wega wega wakatarisana nepamusoro pebhora, iro rinoumba kona ye0.^o nemutsetse wakajairika wakatwasuka pamusoro pebhora.

Kuyerera kwemagetsi pabhora: Φ = E A.

Fomura yesimba remagetsi ndeye E = kq / r², uye equation yenzvimbo yepamusoro yebhora iri A = 4 pr² kuitira kuti fomura yemagetsi inoshanduka kuita:

Kana chaji iri pakati pebhora iri + 2Q, zvinoreva kuti flux yemagetsi iri pabhora iri

Zvichibva pafomura yemagetsi inoyerera, zvakagumiswa kuti kana paine chaji yemagetsi pamusoro pedenderedzwa rakavharwa,

kukosha kwemagetsi anoyerera pabhora hakutsamiri padhayamita kana radius yebhora. Hukuru hwemagetsi anoyerera hunopetwa ka4πk kupfuura huwandu hwemagetsi ari mubhora, kana 1/ε_o inopeta huwandu hwese hwemagetsi ari mubhora.

Chikamu chemagetsi chinoyerera

Fomura yekutanga yemagetsi inoyerera ndeye F = EA, apo E ndiyo simba remagetsi uye A ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro. Chikamu chemagetsi chemagetsi ndiNewton paCoulomb (N/C), uye chikamu chenzvimbo yepamusoro i square meter (m).²) kuitira kuti chikamu chemagetsi chive Newton square meter pa Coulomb (Nm)²/C).