Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Kugadzikana

Chinyorwa pamusoro peKuramba

Nezvemagetsi, huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi hwakakurukurwa, saka munda wemagetsi wakatsanangurwawo munyaya yemunda wemagetsi. Munda wemagetsi nemagetsi zviri muconductor kana paine musiyano uripo muconductor, asi kana pasina musiyano uripo, saka hapanawo munda wemagetsi nemagetsi.

Munenge mune zvese zvinofambisa simbi, simba remagetsi rinoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemagetsi, uko chiyero chesimba remagetsi nehuremu hwemagetsi chinogara chiripo. Kukosha kwekuenzaniswa kwesimba remagetsi nehuremu hwemagetsi kunonzi resistivity. Pamasvomhu, hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi, huwandu hwemagetsi, uye resistivity hunotsanangurwa mu equation:

Chinyorwa nezvekodhi yemavara yeResistor

Resistor chimwe chezvinhu zvedunhu remagetsi chinoshanda kudzora huwandu hwemagetsi. Kazhinji, kune mhando mbiri dzeresistor, dzinoti wire coil resistors uye carbon resistors. Wire roll resistors dzinowanzo shandiswa murabhoritari, dzinogadzirwa nekuputira waya yakapfava pamusoro pechubhu yeinsulator. Carbon resistors dzinowanzo shandiswa muma electronic circuits, cylindrical, uye dzine waya kumativi ese. Kukosha kwe carbon resistor resistor kunoratidzwa mu color code uye kunoratidzwa pamusoro pe resistor.

Kukosha kweresistor kunogona kuzivikanwa nekududzira kodhi yeruvara rweresistor. Kuti unzwisise izvi, tanga watarisa tafura inotevera, wobva wadzidza muenzaniso wedambudziko kuti uone kukosha kweresistor resistor.

Vadziviriri vakatevedzana

Vadziviriri vari muchikamu 1

Chinyorwa nezveResistors munhevedzano

Kana ma resistors akabatana sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, ma resistors akarongwa akatevedzana. Resistor kana resistance yemagetsi iri kutaurwa nezvayo inogona kunge iri muchimiro che resistor components, mwenje, kana imwe resistance yemagetsi.

Chaja yemagetsi inofamba nepakati pekudzivirira 1 (R)₁) = ivo electric charge inofamba kuburikidza nekuramba 2 (R)₂) = chaji yemagetsi inofamba nepakati pekudzivirira 3 (R)₃). Magetsi emagetsi (I) ishaja yemagetsi inoyerera panguva yakati (I = Q / t), saka magetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nekuramba 1 (I₁) = magetsi kuburikidza nekudzivirira 2 (I₂) = magetsi kuburikidza nekudzivirira 3 (I₃Pamasvomhu, simba remagetsi rose (I) = I₁= Ini₂ = Ini₃.

Equation yekudzivirira kwemagetsi

Munyaya yemutemo weOhm, fomura inotaura hukama huripo pakati pevoltage (V), electric current (I), uye electrical resistance (R) yakawanikwa. Masvomhu anotsanangurwa kuburikidza nemaequation:

Iyi equation inoratidza kuti resistance yemagetsi (R) inoenderana zvakananga nemagetsi (V) uye inoenderana nemagetsi (I). Kana mains voltage yakakura kupfuura resistance yemagetsi iri kukura, pane zvinopesana, kana magetsi emagetsi akasimba kupfuura resistance yemagetsi ichave yakakura. Iyi equation inotsanangura mutemo weOhm chete kana resistance yemagetsi (R) iri kuramba iripo. Kana resistance yemagetsi isiri kuramba iripo, saka iyi equation haitsananguri mutemo weOhm, asi inotsanangura resistance yemutyairi.

Vadziviriri vari pamwe chete

Vadziviriri vari muchikamu chimwe chete 1

Chinyorwa nezveResistors chakafanana

Kana ma resistors akabatana sezviri pamufananidzo, ma resistors akabatana zvakafanana.

Mwenje wemagetsi (magetsi = kuchaja kwemagetsi kunoyerera panguva imwe chete) unopinda panzvimbo yekubatanidza wakafanana nemagetsi anobuda panzvimbo yekubatanidza. Kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuitira kuti huwandu hwemagetsi ese = huwandu hwemagetsi anoyerera munzvimbo imwe neimwe yekubatanidza. Pamasvomhu, I = I ₁+ I ₂+ I ₃. Kunyange zvazvo musiyano wemagetsi kana voltage yemagetsi munzvimbo imwe neimwe yekubatanidza wakafanana.

I = V/R saka equation iri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita I = V/R ₁+ V/R ₂+ V/R ₃. Voltage yemagetsi yakaenzana, saka equation iyi inoshanduka kuita I = V (1/R ₁+ 1/R ₂+ 1/R ₃). Kana resistance yakaenzana iri 1/R saka I = V (1/R). Saka, 1/R = 1/R ₁ + 1/R ₂ + 1/R ₃.

Chinyorwa nezveKunobva simba remagetsi emf Kuramba kwemukati Voltage yemagetsi

Mhepo yemagetsi inoyerera mudenderedzwa rakavharwa, kubva pakukwanisa kukuru kusvika pakukwanisa kushoma. Kana magetsi achifamba nepakati pechinhu chinodzivisa magetsi, pane kudzikira kwesimba remagetsi nekuti simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa pakudzivisa uku. Kuti magetsi arambe achiyerera kubva pakukwanisa kukuru kuenda pakukwanisa kushoma,

panofanira kunge paine mudziyo wekuwedzera simba remagetsi, chishandiso ichi isimba remagetsi (emf) kana kuti chinonzi simba remagetsi. Emf kana kuti simba remagetsi chinhu chinoshandura rudzi rwesimba kuita simba remagetsi, zvakaita semabhatiri, masero ezuva, kana majenareta emagetsi.

EMFs dzakatevedzana uye dzakafanana

EMFs dziri munhevedzano uye dzakafanana 1

EMFs dzakatevedzana uye dzakafanana

Kana paine manyuko maviri kana anopfuura e electromotive (emf) akabatana sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, emf yakarongwa zvakatevedzana.

Chitubu chemagetsi chakaenzana (ε) ndeichi:

ε = ε ₁ + ε ₂ + ε _n

Kupikisa kwemukati kwakaenzana (r) ndekwekuti:

r = r ₁ + r ₂ + r _n

Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera kuburikidza nekudzivirira kwekunze (R) ndewekuti:

Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff

Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff 1 Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff unonziwo mutemo wenzvimbo yekubatanidza unoti magetsi anopinda panzvimbo yekubatanidza akafanana nemagetsi anopinda panzvimbo iyoyo yekubatanidza. Nzvimbo yekubatanidza mudunhu remagetsi ndiyo nzvimbo apo maviri kana kupfuura emakondirakita maviri anosangana, senge poindi a iri pamufananidzo uri padivi.

I imagetsi anopinda panzvimbo yekusangana, nepo I ₁ na I ₂ ari magetsi anopinda panzvimbo yekusangana, I = I ₁ + I _2. Mumwe muenzaniso, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff unoti shanduko yesimba remagetsi padenderedzwa redenderedzwa rakavharwa izero. Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff wakavakirwa pamutemo wekuchengetedza simba, uyo unoti simba risingaperi.

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff 1 Kuti unzwisise izvi zviri nani, fungidzira chaji yemagetsi ichifamba mu closed circuit, sezviri pamufananidzo. Kana chaji yemagetsi inopfuura nepa kupikisa magetsi (R), iyo simba remagetsi inoderedzwa nekuti inoshandiswa pazvirambidzo izvi. Kana chaji yemagetsi ikapfuura neimwe resistance yemagetsi, simba remagetsi rinodzikira zvakare nekuti rinoshandiswazve parisistance. Uyezve, kana chaji yemagetsi ikapfuura nepanobva voltage kubva pa low potential kuenda pa high potential, simba remagetsi rinowedzera. Painodzokera panzvimbo yayo yekutanga, simba remagetsi rinofanana nerakare, uko shanduko musimba remagetsi rinova zero. Pakushandisa KirchhoffMutemo wechipiri wedunhu remagetsi, tinoshandisa shanduko yemagetsi, kwete shanduko yesimba remagetsi.

Tsanangudzo yesimba remagetsi

Simba rinodzidzwa mubasa uye Simba rinotsanangurwa sebasa rinoitwa panguva yakatarwa. Basa inzira yekuchinja simba kuitira kuti simba rinzwisiswe sekuchinja kwesimba kunoitika panguva yakatarwa.

Simba remagetsi kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi panguva yakatarwa. Mukuongorora simba remagetsi, zvinotsanangurwa kuti shanduko musimba remagetsi dzinoitika kana chaji yemagetsi inopfuura nemusiyano wesimba remagetsi.