Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Kugadzikana

Chinyorwa pamusoro peKuramba

Nezvemagetsi, huwandu hwemagetsi emagetsi hwakakurukurwa, saka munda wemagetsi wakatsanangurwawo munyaya yemunda wemagetsi. Munda wemagetsi nemagetsi zviri muconductor kana paine musiyano uripo muconductor, asi kana pasina musiyano uripo, saka hapanawo munda wemagetsi nemagetsi.

Munenge mune zvese zvinofambisa simbi, simba remagetsi rinoenderana zvakananga nehuwandu hwemagetsi, uko chiyero chesimba remagetsi nehuremu hwemagetsi chinogara chiripo. Kukosha kwekuenzaniswa kwesimba remagetsi nehuremu hwemagetsi kunonzi resistivity. Pamasvomhu, hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi, huwandu hwemagetsi, uye resistivity hunotsanangurwa mu equation:

Chinyorwa nezvekodhi yemavara yeResistor

The kupikisa chimwe chikamu chedunhu remagetsi chinoshanda kudzora huwandu hwemagetsi. Kazhinji, kune mhando mbiri dzema resistors, dzinoti ma resistors e wire coil uye ma resistors e carbon. Ma resistors e wire roll anowanzo shandiswa murabhoritari, akagadzirwa nekuputira waya yakapfava pamusoro pechubhu ye insulator. Ma resistors e carbon anowanzo shandiswa muma electronic circuits, cylindrical, uye ane waya kumativi ese. Kukosha kwe carbon resistor resistor kunoratidzwa mu color code uye kunoratidzwa pamusoro pe resistor.

Kukosha kweresistor kunogona kuzivikanwa nekududzira kodhi yeruvara rweresistor. Kuti unzwisise izvi, tanga watarisa tafura inotevera, wobva wadzidza muenzaniso wedambudziko kuti uone kukosha kweresistor resistor.

Vadziviriri vakatevedzana

Vadziviriri vari muchikamu 1

Chinyorwa nezveResistors munhevedzano

Kana ma resistors akabatana sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, ma resistors akarongwa akatevedzana. Resistor kana resistance yemagetsi iri kutaurwa nezvayo inogona kunge iri muchimiro che resistor components, mwenje, kana imwe resistance yemagetsi.

Chaja yemagetsi inofamba nepakati pekudzivirira 1 (R)₁) = ivo electric charge inofamba kuburikidza nekuramba 2 (R)₂) = chaji yemagetsi inofamba nepakati pekudzivirira 3 (R)₃). Magetsi emagetsi (I) ishaja yemagetsi inoyerera panguva yakati (I = Q / t), saka magetsi emagetsi kuburikidza nekuramba 1 (I₁) = magetsi kuburikidza nekudzivirira 2 (I₂) = magetsi kuburikidza nekudzivirira 3 (I₃Pamasvomhu, simba remagetsi rose (I) = I₁= Ini₂ = Ini₃.

Equation yekudzivirira kwemagetsi

Munyaya yemutemo weOhm, fomura inotaura hukama huripo pakati pe voltage (V), magetsi (Ini), uye kupikisa magetsi (R) yakawanikwa. Yakaratidzwa nemasvomhu kuburikidza nemaequation:

Iyi equation inoratidza kuti resistance yemagetsi (R) inoenderana zvakananga nemagetsi (V) uye inoenderana nemagetsi (I). Kana mains voltage yakakura kupfuura resistance yemagetsi iri kukura, pane zvinopesana, kana magetsi emagetsi akasimba kupfuura resistance yemagetsi ichave yakakura. Iyi equation inotsanangura mutemo weOhm chete kana resistance yemagetsi (R) iri kuramba iripo. Kana resistance yemagetsi isiri kuramba iripo, saka iyi equation haitsananguri mutemo weOhm, asi inotsanangura resistance yemutyairi.

Vadziviriri vari pamwe chete

Vadziviriri vari muchikamu chimwe chete 1

Chinyorwa nezveResistors chakafanana

Kana ma resistors akabatana sezviri pamufananidzo, ma resistors akabatana zvakafanana.

The magetsi (magetsi = magetsi anoyerera panguva imwe chete) anopinda panzvimbo yekubatanidza magetsi akafanana nemagetsi anobuda panzvimbo yekubatanidza magetsi. Kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana kuitira kuti magetsi ese = huwandu hwemagetsi anoyerera munzvimbo imwe neimwe yekubatanidza magetsi. Pamasvomhu, I = I₁+ Ini₂ + Ini₃Kunyange zvazvo musiyano wesimba remagetsi kana magetsi emagetsi mumharadzano yega yega yakafanana.

I = V/R saka equation iri pamusoro inoshanduka kuita I = V/R₁ + V/R₂ + V/R₃Voltage yemagetsi yakaenzana, saka equation iyi inoshanduka kuita I = V (1/R)₁ +1/R₂ +1/R₃). Kana resistance yakaenzana iri 1/R saka I = V (1/R). Saka, 1/R = 1/R₁ +1/R₂ +1/R₃.

Chinyorwa nezveKunobva simba remagetsi emf Kuramba kwemukati Voltage yemagetsi

Magetsi emagetsi inoyerera mu closed circuit, kubva pakukwanisa kukuru kusvika pakukwanisa kushoma. Kana magetsi achifamba nepakati pechikamu che resistance yemagetsi, pane kudzikira kwe simba remagetsi nekuti simba remagetsi rinoshandiswa pakudzivirira uku. Kuti magetsi arambe achiyerera kubva pakukwanisa kukuru kuenda pakukwanisa kushoma,

panofanira kunge paine mudziyo wekuwedzera simba remagetsi, chishandiso ichi isimba remagetsi (emf) kana kuti chinonzi simba remagetsi. Emf kana kuti simba remagetsi chinhu chinoshandura rudzi rwesimba kuita simba remagetsi, zvakaita semabhatiri, masero ezuva, kana majenareta emagetsi.

EMFs dzakatevedzana uye dzakafanana

EMFs dziri munhevedzano uye dzakafanana 1

EMFs dzakatevedzana uye dzakafanana

Kana paine manyuko maviri kana anopfuura e electromotive (emf) akabatana sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo, emf yakarongwa zvakatevedzana.

The yakaenzana voltage tsime (ε) ndiro:

ε = ε₁ + ε₂ + ε_n

Kupikisa kwemukati kwakaenzana (r) ndekwekuti:

r = r₁ +r₂ +r_n

Mwenje wemagetsi unoyerera kuburikidza nekudzivirira kwekunze (R) ndewekuti:

Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff

Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff 1 Mutemo wekutanga waKirchhoff unonziwo mutemo wenzvimbo yekubatanidza unoti magetsi anopinda panzvimbo yekubatanidza akafanana nemagetsi anopinda panzvimbo iyoyo yekubatanidza. Nzvimbo yekubatanidza mudunhu remagetsi ndiyo nzvimbo apo maviri kana kupfuura emakondirakita maviri anosangana, senge poindi a iri pamufananidzo uri padivi.

Ndini magetsi anopinda panzvimbo inoungana, ukuwo ini₁uye ini₂ ndiwo magetsi anobuda kubva panzvimbo inoungana, I = I₁ + Ini₂Mumwe muenzaniso, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi.

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff unoti shanduko yesimba remagetsi padenderedzwa redenderedzwa rakavharwa izero. Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff wakavakirwa pamutemo wekuchengetedza simba, uyo unoti simba risingaperi.

Mutemo wechipiri waKirchhoff 1 Kuti unzwisise izvi zviri nani, fungidzira chaji yemagetsi ichifamba mu closed circuit, sezviri pamufananidzo. Kana chaji yemagetsi inopfuura nepa kupikisa magetsi (R), iyo simba remagetsi inoderedzwa nekuti inoshandiswa pazvirambidzo izvi. Kana chaji yemagetsi ikapfuura neimwe resistance yemagetsi, simba remagetsi rinodzikira zvakare nekuti rinoshandiswazve parisistance. Uyezve, kana chaji yemagetsi ikapfuura nepanobva voltage kubva pa low potential kuenda pa high potential, simba remagetsi rinowedzera. Painodzokera panzvimbo yayo yekutanga, simba remagetsi rinofanana nerakare, uko shanduko musimba remagetsi rinova zero. Pakushandisa KirchhoffMutemo wechipiri wedunhu remagetsi, tinoshandisa shanduko yemagetsi, kwete shanduko yesimba remagetsi.

Tsanangudzo yesimba remagetsi

Simba rinodzidzwa mubasa uye Simba rinotsanangurwa sebasa rinoitwa panguva yakatarwa. Basa inzira yekuchinja simba kuitira kuti simba rinzwisiswe sekuchinja kwesimba kunoitika panguva yakatarwa.

Simba remagetsi kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi panguva yakatarwa. Mukuongorora simba remagetsi, zvinotsanangurwa kuti kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kunoitika kana chaji yemagetsi inopfuura nepakati penzvimbo. kugona kwemagetsi mutsauko.