Tsanangudzo yesimba remagetsi
Simba remagetsi rinotsanangurwa sesimba remagetsi pachaji imwe neimwe. Ngatitii kana rasvika panhamba a, simba remagetsi q rine simba remagetsi rakaenzana neEP a , ipapo simba remagetsi panhamba a rinogadzirwa seizvi:
V = simba remagetsi, EP = simba remagetsi, q = kuchaja kwemagetsi
V haisi panzvimbo a chete asiwo panzvimbo dzese dziri mumunda wemagetsi. Poindi a inoshandiswa semuenzaniso. Sezvazvichatsanangurwa gare gare, V haitsamiri pakuchaja q.
EP nemagetsi zvinokwana huwandu hwe scalar saka V inosanganisirawo huwandu hwe scalar. Chikamu chepasi rose cheEP chinonzi Joule uye chikamu chepasi rose chemagetsi chinokwana Coulomb saka chikamu chepasi rose cheV chinonzi Joule paCoulomb (J/C). Rimwe zita reJ/C iVolt, rinobva pazita remusayendisiti wekuItaly uye muvambi webhatiri remagetsi, Alessandro Volta (1745-1827).
Musiyano wemagetsi
V panzvimbo yakaita seV panzvimbo a, kureva, V a , haigone kuzivikanwa nekuti chinonyanya kukosha kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi. Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kunogona kuzivikanwa nekukosha kwaro, kungave kuburikidza nekuverenga kana kuyerwa. V inoshanduka kana chaji q ichifamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Ngatitii chaji q ichifamba kubva pane imwe nzvimbo a kuenda pane imwe b saka shanduko muV ndeiyi:
Vab musiyano weV pakati pemapoinzi maviri mumunda wemagetsi, semuenzaniso, mapoinzi a na b. Musiyano uri muV pakati pemapoinzi a na b (V ab ) wakafanana nebasa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi muchaji yemagetsi pakufamba kubva panzvimbo a kuenda panzvimbo b, pachaji yeyuniti (W ab / q). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi rechaji q pakufamba kubva panzvimbo a kuenda panzvimbo b (W ab ) rakaenzana nekuchinja kwesimba remagetsi rechaji q (ΔEP). Saka, muequation iri pamusoro, ΔEP inogona kutsiviwa naW ab.
Kana chinhu chiri panzvimbo yakati pamusoro pepasi, chine simba rekukwevera pasi, uko pamusoro pepasi panoshandiswa senzvimbo yekunongedzera. Muchiitiko ichi, kukwirira kwepasi nesimba rekukwevera pasi chaipo papasi zvakaiswa pazero. Kufanana nesimba rekukwevera pasi, patinotaura kuti pane imwe nzvimbo ine simba remagetsi, inofanira kunge iri imwe nzvimbo inoshandiswa senzvimbo yekunongedzera, tichifunga chete musiyano uripo pakati pesimba remagetsi unogona kuverengerwa. Kazhinji, maconductor epasi kana emagetsi akabatana nepasi anosarudzwa senzvimbo dzekunongedzera, uko simba remagetsi remukonderi kana simba remagetsi riri pasi rakaiswa pazero. Saka kana poindi ine simba remagetsi re12 Volts, musiyano wesimba remagetsi pakati pepoindi iyoyo nepasi i12 Volts. Pabhatiri re6 Volt, musiyano wesimba remagetsi pakati pepositi yakanaka nepositi yakaipa i6 Volts. Nekuti chikamu chemusiyano wesimba remagetsi iVolt, musiyano wesimba remagetsi pakati pemapoinzi maviri unowanzo kunzi voltage.
Equation yemusiyano wemagetsi iri pamusoro apa inogona kunyorwa zvakare seinotevera:
Kana chaji q ikapfuura nemusiyano wesimba remagetsi V ab , simba resimba rinoshanduka ne ΔEP. Semuenzaniso, chaji ye 2 Coulombs inopfuura nemusiyano wesimba remagetsi we 12 Volts, simba resimba remagetsi rinoshanduka ne (2 C)(12 V) = 24 Joules. Saizvozvowo, kana chaji ye 4 Coulomb ikapfuura nemusiyano wesimba remagetsi we 24 Volts, simba resimba remagetsi rinoshanduka ne (4 C) (24 V) = 96 Joules.
Saka, shanduko musimba remagetsi (ΔEP) inoenderana nechaji (q) nevoltage (V ab ). Chaji yemagetsi nevoltage zvakakwirira, shanduko yesimba remagetsi. Simba remagetsi rine chekuita nekugona kuita basa, zvekuti kana shanduko musimba remagetsi dzakakura, saka kugona kuita basa kwakakoshawo.
Equation yemusiyano weV uri pamusoro apa ichiri yakajairika. Kuti uwane equation yeV yakadzama, ongorora musiyano wemagetsi uri mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana uye musiyano wemagetsi unokonzerwa nekuchaja kamwe chete.
Simba remagetsi mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Musiyano uri muV pakati pemapoinzi maviri mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana, semuenzaniso, poindi a nepoindi b, unogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa equation iri pazasi:
V ab = musiyano weV pakati pemapoinzi maviri, E = munda wemagetsi, uye d = chinhambwe pakati pemapoinzi maviri.
V inoburitswa nechaji imwe chete
V panguva imwe chete nekuda kwekuchaja kamwe chete kunogadzira munda wemagetsi inogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa equation:
V ab = musiyano weV pakati pemapoinzi maviri, k = Coulomb constant, Q = kuchaja kamwe chete kunogadzira munda wemagetsi, r = daro riri pakati pekuchaja Q nenzvimbo iyo V inoverengerwa.
Hukama huripo pakati pesimba remagetsi (E) nesimba remagetsi (V)
Munda wemagetsi E inhamba yevector, nepo V iri nhamba yescalar. Vector quantity inosanganisira gwara zvekuti zvinonetsa kuverenga kana tichienzanisa nekuverenga huwandu hwescalar. Kurerutsa kuverenga kwemunda wemagetsi, uchishandisa equation inotaura hukama huripo pakati pemunda wemagetsi neV.
Musiyano wepotenti wakatsanangurwa kare wakanyorwazve seizvi:
Pamasvomhu, basa chibereko chesimba uye kusuduruka, uko simba riri chibereko chesimba remagetsi nechaji. Hukama huripo pakati pebasa, simba, uye kusuduruka hunoratidzwa kuburikidza ne equation iri pazasi:
Kana ma equation maviri ari pamusoro apa akaiswa pamwe chete, saka equation itsva inogadzirwa seizvi:
E = munda wemagetsi, V ab = musiyano wesimba remagetsi pakati pemapoinzi maviri akadai semapoinzi a na b, d = daro riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri.
Chikamu chemusiyano wezvinogona kuitika ndicho Volt, uye chikamu chedaro ndicho mita kuitira kuti munda wemagetsi ugone kutaurwa muzvikamu zveVolts pamita (V/m).
Iyi equation inogona kushandiswa kuona munda wemagetsi (homogeneous) unozivikanwa semusiyano uripo pakati pemapoinzi maviri nedaro riri pakati pemapoinzi maviri. Zvichibva paequation, munda wemagetsi unoenderana neV uye unoenderana nedaro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana V yakakwira, munda wemagetsi wakakwira uye daro rakakwirira, munda wemagetsi unova mudiki.
