Chinyorwa pamusoro pemunda weMagetsi
Panyaya yekuchaja kwemagetsi, zvakadzidzwa kuti semachaji anodzingana, asi kusiyana nemachaji kunokwezvana. Kana chinhu chakasimba chakaswededzwa pedyo nechinhu chakasimba, zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinobatana kuitira kuti zvienderane. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chinhu chakasimba chakaswededzwa pedyo nechinhu chakasimba, zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinodzingana kuitira kuti zvibve pane chimwe nechimwe. Sezvakadzidzwa panyaya yemutemo waCoulomb, zvinhu zvakasimba zvinogona kukurumidzisa zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba nekuti pane simba remagetsi rinoshanda pakati pezvinhu izvi zvakasimba. Simba remagetsi rinoitwa nechinhu chakasimba pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakasimba imumwe muenzaniso wesimba rinogona kushanda pasina kubata. Mumwe muenzaniso wesimba rinogona kushanda kure isimba regiravhiti . Simba regiravhiti rinoitwa nechinhu chakasimba pane zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Simba rekukweshana , simba rekusunda, simba rakajairika mienzaniso yemasimba ari nyore kunzwisisa nekuti masimba aya anoshanda kana paine kubatana. Kusiyana neizvi, simba remagetsi muenzaniso wesimba rakaoma kunzwisisa nekuti simba iri rinogona kushanda kubva kure pasina kubata. Kuti tinzwisise simba remagetsi rinogona kushanda kubva kure, pfungwa yesimba remagetsi inoonekwa. Pfungwa yesimba remagetsi yakagadzirwa nesainzi wekuBritain Michael Faraday (1791-1867).
Tsanangudzo yemunda wemagetsi (E)
Ngatitii girazi pakutanga raive risina simba remagetsi. Mushure mekukweshwa nejira, tsvimbo yegirazi inochajwa nemagetsi. Kana tsvimbo yegirazi yachajwa nemagetsi, panguva imwe chete, simba remagetsi rinoonekwa rakatenderedza girazi. Kana girazi rikaita serisina simba, panguva imwe chete simba remagetsi rinonyangarika. Saka, kuvapo kweE hakugone kuparadzaniswa nekuvapo kwechajwa yemagetsi. E haisi mhando yezvinhu zvakaita semhepo uye haisi mhando yemafungu, semafungu emagetsi. E chimwe chinhu chinokonzerwa nechajwa yemagetsi uye chinokanganisa nzvimbo yakatenderedza chajwa yemagetsi, uko mamwe machajwa emagetsi anongonzwa simba reE.
Kuti tione kana paine E mukamuri, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane charge yekuyedza munzvimbo iyoyo. Charge yekuyedza icharge shoma (Q) kuitira kuti charge ibudise field yemagetsi diki, saka inogona kuregeredzwa. Zvisinei, charge yekuyedza inogona kunzwa simba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nemamwe charges emagetsi. Charge yekuyedza inongopihwa kuti iongorore kana paine E. Kana paine E munzvimbo iyoyo,
Chaji yekuedza inofanira kusangana nesimba remagetsi, nepo kana pasina E, chaji yekuedza haisangani nesimba remagetsi.
Tarisa mufananidzo uri padivi.
Mumufananidzo 1, charge +q 1 uye charge +q 2 zvinoburitsa E munzvimbo yakapoteredza. Kana test charge +q o yaiswa panzvimbo, test charge +q o inosangana nesimba remagetsi. F 1 isimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji +q 1 patest charge +q o , uye F 2 isimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji +q 2 patest charge +q o . Mumufananidzo 2, kana test charge yabviswa, E inoramba iripo uye hainyangarike kubva ipapo. E 1 isimba remagetsi rinogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi +q 1 , uye E 2 iE inogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi +q 2.
Hukuru hwemunda wemagetsi
E inhamba yevector, uko simba remagetsi rine hukuru uye gwara. Hukuru hweE hunowanzo kunzi simba reE. Simba reE pane imwe nzvimbo rinotsanangurwa sesimba remagetsi rinoitwa nechaji yemagetsi pane chaji yakanaka yekuedza yakaiswa panzvimbo iyoyo, yakakamurwa nehukuru hwechaji yekuedza.
E = simba remagetsi
F = simba remagetsi
q = muripo wekuyedza
Chikamu chesimba remagetsi ndiNewton, uye chikamu chechaji yemagetsi ndiCoulomb saka chikamu cheE ndiNewton / Coulomb, chakapfupikiswa seN/C.
Kutungamira kwemunda wemagetsi
MuMufananidzo 1a, chaji yemagetsi yakanaka (+Q) inoshandisa simba remagetsi pachaji yekuedza yakanaka (+q), uko kutungamira kwesimba remagetsi (F) kuri kure nechaji ye+Q.
MuMufananidzo 1b, kana muripo wekuyedza wabviswa, panzvimbo iyi pane munda wemagetsi (E) une gwara riri kure nemuripo wemagetsi Q.
MuMufananidzo 2a, chaji yemagetsi isina kunaka (-Q) inoshandisa simba remagetsi muchaji yekuedza yakanaka (+q), uko gwara resimba remagetsi (F) rinosvika pachaji -Q.
MuMufananidzo 2b, kana muripo wekuyedza wabviswa, panzvimbo iyi pane munda wemagetsi (E) une gwara riri pedyo nemuripo wemagetsi -Q.
Zvichibva pamufananidzo netsananguro iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti divi remagetsi riri kure nechaji yemagetsi yakanaka uye riri pedyo nechaji yemagetsi isina kunaka.
Magetsi emagetsi mitsara
E inogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi uye inokanganisa nzvimbo yakatenderedza chaji yemagetsi, uko simba reE rinongonzwikwa chete nemamwe magetsi. Kana imwe chaji yemagetsi iri muE inogadzirwa nechaji yemagetsi, imwe chaji yemagetsi inonzwa simba remagetsi.
Kunzwisisa munda wemagetsi uri pamusoro apa, sezvakatsanangurwa munyaya nezve E, kunogona kuonekwa nepfungwa asi kunogona kungofungidzirwa mupfungwa chete. Kuti ufungidzire E, mitsetse yemagetsi inounzwa. Mitsetse yemagetsi imutsara wakadhirowewa wakatenderedza chaji yemagetsi kuratidza kuvapo kwemunda wemagetsi. Nekuti chinangwa chayo ndechekuratidza kuvapo kweE, pane hukama pakati pemitsetse iyi neE. Nemamwe mashoko, hukuru negwara reE zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekudhirowa mitsetse yemagetsi.
Zvinotevera ndizvo hukama huripo pakati pegwara uye simba remagetsi netambo dzemagetsi:
Kutanga, divi reE rinoenda kure nechaji yakanaka uye rinosvika kune negative charge. Saka, divi remagetsi emagetsi riri kure nechaji yakanaka uye rinosvika kune negative charge.
Kana chaji yakanaka iri pedyo nechaji isina kunaka, mitsetse yemagetsi inotorwa kubva pachaji yakanaka kuenda kune chaji isina kunaka. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chaji yakanaka iri pedyo nechaji yakanaka, mitsetse yemagetsi inotorwa kubva pachaji yega yega isina kunaka uye iri kure neyayo.
Chechipiri, simba remagetsi rinomiririrwa nedaro riri pakati pemitsara yemagetsi. Kana daro riri pakati pemitsara yemagetsi riri pedyo, simba remagetsi riri pamusoro uye daro riri pakati pemitsara yemagetsi riri kure, simba remagetsi riri pasi.
Sei, kana daro riri pakati pemitsara riri pedyo, simba remagetsi rinokwira? Kuti unzwisise izvi, tarisa tsananguro inotevera. Ngatitii chaji yakanaka iri pakati pebhora uye tambo dzemagetsi dzakapararira munzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nepamusoro pebhora. Kana nhamba yemitsara yemagetsi iri N uye nzvimbo yepamusoro yebhora iri 4πr 2 , saka nhamba yemitsara pachikamu chimwe nechimwe kana huwandu hwemutsara iN / 4πr 2. Zvichibva pafomura iyi, kune N imwecheteyo, kana r ikava diki, daro riri pakati pemitsara rinoswedera pedyo uye kana r ikava yakakosha daro riri pakati pemitsara rinoenda kure.
Fomura yesimba remagetsi reE = kq / r 2 inoratidzawo kuti simba remagetsi reElectric Field rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro. Kana r iri diki, simba remagetsi reElectric Field rinowedzera kuoneka, uye kana r ikawedzera kuoneka, simba remagetsi reElectric Field rinowedzera kuoneka.
Zvichibva paongororo iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana r iri kuderera (ichiswedera pedyo nechaji) simba remagetsi riri kukura uye daro riri pakati pemitsara riri kuswederawo pedyo. Kusiyana neizvi, kana r ikanyanya kuoneka (kure nechaji), simba remagetsi rinowedzera kuderera uye daro riri pakati pemitsara riri kurewo.
Chechitatu, huwandu hwemitsara yeE hunoenderana nesimba remagetsi. Mitsetse yemagetsi yakawanda, simba remagetsi rinokwira. Mitsetse yemagetsi mishoma, simba remagetsi rinoderera.
