Zvikonzero Nei Denga Rakaita Bhuruu: Kuongorora Kwakadzama
Kubva paudiki, vazhinji vedu tave tichishamisika kuti sei denga riri rebhuruu. Mubvunzo uyu wave uchifadza vanhu kwemazana emakore, uye unobatanidza sainzi nenhetembo. Pasinei nekuti denga rinoita sebhuruu rinosanganisira kuongorora nyika inonakidza yefizikisi nesainzi yemuchadenga. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora tsananguro dzesainzi dziri shure kwechiitiko ichi uye chinopa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwekuti nei denga redu riri rebhuruu.
Rayleigh Scattering: Chikonzero Chikuru
Chikonzero chikuru chinoita kuti denga riite sebhuruu imhaka yepfungwa inozivikanwa seRayleigh scattering. Yakatumidzwa zita remusayendisiti wekuBritain Lord Rayleigh, uyo akatsanangura kupararira uku muzana remakore rechi19, zvinoreva kupararira kwechiedza nezvidimbu zvidiki pane hupamhi hwechiedza. Asi ngatizvitsanangure zvakadzama.
Hunhu hweChiedza
Kutanga, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chiedza chezuva, kana kuti chiedza chichena, chine mavara akasiyana-siyana, rimwe nerimwe rine marefu akasiyana. Kana chiedza chezuva chikapinda mumhepo yePasi, chinosangana nemamorekuru nezvidimbu zvidiki. Kunyange zvazvo mavara ane marefu akawanda, akadai setsvuku, orenji, neyero, achiwanzopfuura nemumhepo zvakananga, marefu mapfupi (bhuruu neruvara rwepepuru) anonyatsopinda uye obva apararira munzira dzakasiyana-siyana nemagasi emumhepo nezvidimbu.
Nei Bhuruu Richitonga
Kunyangwe chiedza cheviolet chakapararira zvakanyanya kupfuura chiedza chebhuruu nekuda kwehurefu hwacho hwewavelength, maziso edu haanyanyi kunzwa violet. Uyezve, chikamu chikuru chechiedza cheviolet chinotorwa ne ozone layer iri pamusoro pemhepo yepasi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chiedza chebhuruu chakapararira zvakanyanya kumativi ese, zvichiita kuti denga riite sebhuruu zvakanyanya kumaziso edu.
Basa reMhepo
Kuumbwa uye ukobvu hwemhepo yepasi pano zvinoita basa rakakosha mukupararira kwayo. Mhepo yedu inoumbwa zvakanyanya nemamorekuru enitrogen neokisijeni, pamwe chete nehuwandu hushoma hwemamwe magasi. Mamorekuru aya ndiwo saizi yakakodzera kuparadzira chiedza chepfupi-refu (bhuruu neviolet) zvinobudirira kupfuura marefu-refu (tsvuku neorenji).
Ukobvu hwemhepo hunobatsirawo mukusiyana kwemavara atinoona. Ukobvu uhwu hunosiyana zvichienderana nekona yezuva. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekubuda kwezuva nekunyura kwezuva, chiedza chezuva chinofanira kupfuura nepakati peukobvu hwakakura hwemhepo, izvo zvinoparadzira marefu marefu emvura kubva pamutsetse wekuona uye zvinobvumira marefu emvura (matsvuku nemaorenji) kutonga, zvichipa denga mavara aro akanaka pakubuda kwezuva nekuvira kwezuva.
Maonero Evanhu
Kuona kwedu ruvara ndicho chimwe chikonzero chinoita kuti tione denga sebhuruu. Maziso evanhu ane masero emakoni anonzwa mavara akasiyana echiedza: dzvuku, girini, nebhuruu. Kana chiedza chikapararira mumhepo, chiedza chebhuruu chinorova ma retina edu kakawanda, zvichikurudzira makoni anonzwa bhuruu. Uyezve, sezvambotaurwa, kunyange zvazvo chiedza cheviolet chiripo, maziso edu haanyanyi kunzwa, uye makoni ebhuruu anopindurawo zvishoma kune violet, zvichiwedzera chitarisiko chebhuruu.
Zvimwe Zvinhu Zvinopesvedzera Ruvara rweDenga
Kunyange zvazvo Rayleigh scattering ichitsanangura ruvara rwebhuruu rwunonyanya kukosha, zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvinogona kukanganisa ruvara rwedenga:
– MaAerosols Nezvinosvibisa: Zvidimbu zvinobva mukuputika kwemakomo, moto wemusango, uye mabasa evanhu zvinogona kuparadzira chiedza zvakasiyana. Zvidimbu zvikuru zvinoparadzira marefu ese echiedza, zvichiwanzoita kuti denga ritaridzike sejena kana grey, iro rinozivikanwa seMie scattering.
– Madonhwe emvura nemakristaro echando: Makore nedzimwe mhando dzemvura dzinoparadzira chiedza nenzira dzakasiyana, zvichibatsira mukusiyana kwemavara edenga atinoona mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana.
– Kureba uye Nzvimbo: Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinogona kuita sebhuruu rakadzama nekuda kwemhepo yakatetepa, izvo zvinoderedza kupararira kwemamwe marefu emvura. Saizvozvowo, nzvimbo dzisina kusvibiswa kwakawanda dzine matenga anoita seakajeka uye ebhuruu.
Kunzwisisa Nhoroondo
Zvinoshamisa kuti, kutsvaga kunzwisisa kuti sei denga riri rebhuruu kune nhoroondo yakapfuma. VaGiriki vekare vaifungidzira nezvehunhu hweruvara rwedenga, uye vanhu vakaita saLeonardo da Vinci naIsaac Newton vakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu chiedza neruvara. Zvisinei, basa raIshe Rayleigh harina kupa tsananguro yesainzi chaiyo kusvika muzana remakore rechi19.
Runako rweDenga rebhuruu
Kunze kwekutsanangurwa kwaro kwesainzi, denga rebhuruu rine kukosha kwekunaka uye kwemanzwiro kuvanhu vazhinji. Denga rebhuruu rakajeka rinowanzobatanidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akanaka, runyararo, uye kunzwa kwekuvhurika uye rusununguko. Rakakurudzira mabasa akawanda ehunyanzvi, mabhuku, uye mimhanzi munhoroondo yevanhu.
mhedziso
Muchidimbu, ruvara rwebhuruu rwedenga rwunobva mukupararira kweRayleigh, uko marefu mapfupi echiedza (bhuruu) anoparadzirwa zvinobudirira nemamorekuru ari mumhepo yepasi. Chiitiko ichi, pamwe chete nekunzwa kwemaziso edu kuchiedza chebhuruu, zvinogadzira denga rebhuruu rinoshamisa ratinoona pazuva rakajeka. Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwemhepo, maonero evanhu, uye mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, zvese zvinoita basa muchiitiko ichi chezuva nezuva asi chinoshamisa.
Kunzwisisa kuti sei denga riri rebhuruu hakungogutsi chete kuda kuziva asi kunoratidzawo kubatana kwakaoma pakati pechiedza nezvinhu. Izvi zvinoratidza runako nekuoma kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, chiyeuchidzo chekuti kunyange zviitiko zvakajairika zvinotsigirwa nenheyo dzesainzi dzinonakidza. Saka, nguva inotevera paunotarisa denga rebhuruu rakajeka, uchaziva zvakawanda nezvemaitiro anoshamisa anoita kuti rive saizvozvo.
