Basa reFizikisi Mukurapa
Fizikisi, sainzi huru yezvinhu, simba, uye kudyidzana kwazvo, yakachinja zvikuru nharaunda yezvekurapa, ichichinja kuongorora, kurapwa, uye kunzwisisa kwehutano hwevanhu. Hunhu hwefizikisi yezvekurapa hwakabatanidza hunyanzvi hwakabatanidza musiyano uripo pakati penheyo dzemitemo yefizikisi nesainzi inoshandiswa yemishonga, zvichiwedzera kururama, kushanda zvakanaka, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemaitiro ehutano. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa basa rinokosha refizikisi mukurapa, chichiongorora matekinoroji akakosha, nzira dzekushandisa, uye hunyanzvi hunosimbisa hukama uhwu hwekubatsirana.
Diagnostics uye imaging
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kuoneka mufizikisi mukurapa chiri munyaya yemifananidzo yezvokurapa, uko matekiniki akagadzirwa kubva pamisimboti yemuviri ave chinhu chikuru pakuongorora zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.
X-ray Imaging
Kuwanikwa kweX-rays naWilhelm Roentgen muna 1895 kwakaratidza kufambira mberi kukuru mukuongorora zvirwere. Kuongororwa kweX-ray kunoshandisa kupatsanurwa kwakasiyana kweX-rays nematishu akasiyana mumuviri wemunhu. Mapfupa, sezvo ari matete, anotora maX-ray akawanda uye nokudaro anoita seachena paX-graph, nepo matishu akapfava achionekwa ari mumumvuri wegrey kana dema. Iyi tekinoroji yakakosha pakuona kutyoka, matambudziko emazino, uye mamwe mabundu.
Magnetic Resonance kuri (MRI)
MRI inoshandisa misimboti ye nuclear magnetic resonance, pfungwa yakadzika midzi mu quantum physics. Nekuisa muviri wemunhu mumunda une simba remagineti uye kushandisa radiofrequency pulses, MRI inogadzirisa kutenderera kwema hydrogen nuclei mumuviri. Painozorora, ma nuclei aya anoburitsa zviratidzo zvinoshandurwa kuita mifananidzo yakadzama yezvimiro zvemukati. MRI inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehukuru hwayo hwekusiyana munyama dzakapfava, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha pakufungidzira kwetsinga dzeropa, tsandanyama nemapfupa, uye cardiovascular.
Yakagadziriswa Tomography (CT)
Kuongororwa kwekombiyuta kunobatanidza kuyerwa kweX-ray kunotorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana-siyana, kuchigadziriswa kuburikidza nemaalgorithms emakombiyuta, kuti kubudiswe mifananidzo yemuviri. Mitemo yefizikisi inotsigira maalgorithms ekuvakazve tomographic anoshandura data reX-ray kuita mifananidzo ye3D yakadzama. Kuongororwa kweCT kwakakosha pakuongorora kukuvara, kenza, uye zvirwere zvetsinga.
Ultrasound Imaging
Kufungidzira kweUltrasound kunoshandisa mafungu eruzha ane frequency yepamusoro kugadzira mifananidzo yezvimiro zvemuviri. Mitemo yefizikisi yakadai se acoustic impedance uye Doppler effect inokosha pa ultrasound. Kusaita maionizing kwe ultrasound kunoita kuti ive yakachengeteka pakutarisa pamuviri, mamiriro emwoyo, uye zvirwere zvenyama dzakapfava.
Radiation Therapy
Imwe nzira yakakosha yekubatanidza fizikisi nemishonga ndeyekurapa nemwaranzi, inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa kenza. Pano, mwaranzi inoisa ionizing, yakadai seX-rays, gamma rays, kana particle beams, inoshandiswa kunanga nekuparadza masero ane cancer.
Linear Accelerators
Kurapa nemwaranzi kwemazuva ano kunowanzo shandisa ma "linear accelerators" (linacs) kugadzira ma "X-rays" ane simba guru kana kuti ma "electron beams". Nheyo yekufambisa simba, uko zvidimbu zvinokurumidziswa uchishandisa ma "electromagnetic fields", ikushandiswa zvakananga kwe "classical electrodynamics". Ma "beams" aya akaumbwa zvakanaka uye akagadziriswa kuti awedzere kukuvara kwegomarara uku achideredza kubatwa ne "health tissues" dzakakomberedza.
Brachytherapy
Mukurapa nebrachytherapy, manyuko emwaranzi anoiswa mukati kana pedyo nebundu. Nzira iyi inoshandisa nzira yekurapa nemwaranzi uye dosimetry, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwakawanda hwemwaranzi huganhurire munzvimbo yebundu. Kuverenga kwakanyatsojeka kunobatanidzwa kunoita kuti kurapwa kubudirire uye migumisiro mishoma.
Nyukliya Mishonga
Mishonga yenyukireya, iyo inosanganisa chemistry, physics, uye mushonga, inoshandisa radioisotopes (radioisotopes) pakuongorora nekurapa.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
PET scans inoshandisa radioisotopes inoburitsa mapositron. Kana mapositrons akasangana nemaerekitironi mumuviri, anoparadza, zvichiburitsa gamma rays inoonekwa ne scanner. Mitemo yefizikisi ine chekuita nekudyidzana kwezvikamu uye zviitiko zvekuparadzana ndizvo zvakakosha kune tekinoroji iyi. PET scans dzakakosha pakuongorora mashandiro emetabolism, dzinowanzoshandiswa mu oncology, cardiology, uye neurology.
Imwe chete Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Kufungidzira kweSPECT kunosanganisira maradioisotopes anoburitsa gamma. Ma detectors anobata ma gamma photons, uye ma algorithms emakombiyuta anovaka mifananidzo ye3D. Nheyo dzemuviri dzekushandiswa kwemwaranzi, kuora, uye kuona kwakakosha pano. Kuongorora kweSPECT kunobatsira pakuongorora kuyerera kweropa, kufungidzira kushanda kweuropi, uye matambudziko emapfupa.
Biomechanics neMidziyo Yekurapa
Biomechanics inoshandisa misimboti yemakanika kuti inzwisise mashandiro ehurongwa hwemapfupa nemapfupa uye inobatsira mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira nhengo dzemuviri nemidziyo yemapfupa.
Prosthetics uye Orthotic
Fizikisi inodzora dhizaini yemakumbo ekugadzira uye mabraces e orthotic kuburikidza nemisimboti yemakanika, sainzi yezvinhu, uye kinematics. Kunzwisisa masimba, ma torque, uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti zvishandiso izvi zvitsigire uye zvishande zvakanaka.
Medical Robotics
Marobhoti ekuvhiya nekudzorera mashandiro emuviri anoshandisa misimboti yefizikisi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekutonga, simba, uye sainzi yezvinhu. Kunyatsorongeka, kugadzikana, uye kuchengetedzeka kwemarobhoti ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha, zvinowanzowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa mitemo yefizikisi zvakasimba.
Lasers muMishonga
Tekinoroji yeLaser, yakavakirwa pa quantum mechanics uye optics, ine mashandisirwo akawanda ekurapa.
Laser Kuvhiya
MaLaser anocheka nekudzikamisa zvinhu nemazvo pasina kukuvadza zvakanyanya kupisa kwemuviri kwakapoteredza. Marefu akasiyana-siyana anosarudzwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwawo hwekupinza zvinhu mumasero chaiwo, zvichiratidza kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwefizikisi yemaziso.
Photodynamic Therapy
Kurapa uku kunosanganisira mishonga inonzwa chiedza inofambiswa nemafungu chaiwo echiedza. Kudzora kwakarurama kwekuratidzwa kwechiedza uye kushandiswa kwemishonga kwakavakirwa pamisimboti yefizikisi yequantum uye photochemistry.
Nanomedicine
Nanomedicine, kushandiswa kwe nanotechnology mukurapa, inoshandisa quantum physics, material science, uye biology. Nanoparticles dzinogona kugadzirwa kuti dzitumire mishonga zvakananga kumasero akatarwa, zvichibva pamisimboti ye quantum mechanics uye kudyidzana kwemamorekuru.
mhedziso
Basa refizikisi mukurapa rakakura uye rakakura, rinosanganisira matekinoroji akawanda nemisimboti inosimudzira kuongororwa kwekurapa, kurapwa, uye kutarisirwa kwevarwere. Kubva kumasisitimu emifananidzo anoratidza zvakavanzika zvemuviri kusvika kumatekiniki ekurapa anonyatsotarisa chirwere, fizikisi inopa hwaro hwakavakirwa mushonga wemazuva ano. Sezvo minda yese iri miviri ichiramba ichifambira mberi, kubatana pakati pefizikisi nemishonga kunovimbisa hunyanzvi hwakakura, kuvandudza mhedzisiro yehutano uye kuchinja nzira yatinonzwisisa nekubata mhedzisiro yevanhu. Remangwana remishonga, pasina mubvunzo, richaramba richiumbwa nemisimboti inogara iripo uye budiriro yefizikisi.
