Tsanangudzo yeKukwanisa kweCapacitance yeCapacitors
Girazi diki rinogona kuva nemvura shoma, nepo girazi guru richiva nemvura yakawanda. Kana girazi rakakura, mvura yakawanda inogona kuvapo. Saka, girazi rega rega rine kugona kana saizi yekukwanisa kuchengeta mvura. Kufanana negirazi, ma capacitor anogonawo kuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi nesimba remagetsi. Capacitor kugona kuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi uye simba remagetsi rinogoneka kunonzi capacitance.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugona kwemagetsi
Kukura kwegirazi kunokwanisa kuchengeta mvura kunoenderana nehuwandu hwegirazi. Ko ma capacitor, chii chinoratidza hukuru hwe capacitor hwekuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi?
Mufananidzo uri padivi unoratidza capacitor iri nyore ine maplate maviri ane conductor akaparadzaniswa nechinhambwe chakati. Usati wabatanidza kune voltage source, senge bhatiri, maplate maviri aya haashajwe nemagetsi. Zvadaro rimwe remaplate rinobatana ne positive pole yebhatiri uye rimwe plate rinobatana ne negative pole yebhatiri uchishandisa waya.
Mushure mekubatanidza padanda rebhatiri, charge iri pabhatiri inodhonza maerekitironi ane chaji isina kunaka ari paplate kuitira kuti maerekitironi afambe achienda padanda rebhatiri rine chaji isina kunaka. Izvi zvinoita kuti maplate acho asave nemaerekitironi (chaji isina kunaka) uye mapurotoni akawandisa (chaji isina kunaka) zvekuti maplate acho anova nechaji isina kunaka.
Mushure mekunge yabatanidzwa nepaburi rebhatiri, positive charge iri paplate inokwevera maerekitironi ane negative charge ari paburi rebhatiri kuitira kuti maerekitironi afambe achienda kuplate. Izvi zvinoita kuti plate iwedzere maerekitironi kuitira kuti plate ishaikwe negative charge. Maitiro ekufambisa maerekitironi pakati peplate nemabhatiri anomira mushure mekunge musiyano uripo pakati peplate mbiri wakaenzana nemusiyano uripo pakati peplate mbiri dzebhatiri.
Unowedzera sei chaji yemagetsi pama conductor plate ese ari maviri? Nemamwe mashoko, chii chinofanira kuitwa kutamisa maerekitironi kuenda uye kubva pa positive pole yebhatiri? Kuchinjana kwemaerekitironi kunoitika chete kana musiyano wemagetsi pakati pemapango maviri ebhatiri wakakura kupfuura musiyano wemagetsi pakati pe conductor maviri. Kuti erekitironi ifambe zvakare kuitira kuti chaji yemagetsi mu conductor plate yega yega iwedzere, bhatiri rinoshandiswa rinotsiviwa nerimwe sosi yemagetsi ine musiyano mukuru wemagetsi. Kuchinjana kwemaerekitironi kunomira kana musiyano wemagetsi mu sosi yemagetsi wakaenzana nemusiyano we capacitor. Saka, kana musiyano wemagetsi mu sosi yemagetsi wakakura kupfuura, musiyano we capacitor potential wakakurawo.
Zvichibva paongororo iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti kana chaji yemagetsi yakachengetwa muplate yega yega yeconductor yakakura, musiyano wemagetsi pakati peplate mbiri dzeconductor unowedzera. Saka, chaji yemagetsi (Q) inoenderana nemusiyano wemagetsi (V). Hukama huripo pakati pechaji yemagetsi nemusiyano wemagetsi hunotsanangurwa mukuenzanisa kunotevera:
Q α V
Kuenzanisa kuri pamusoro apa kunoshandurwa kuita maequations nekuwedzera C isingachinji:
Q = CV kana C = Q / V
Q = kuchaja kwemagetsi (Coulomb), V = musiyano wemagetsi kana voltage (Volt), C = inogara iripo iyo inonzi capacitor capacitance.
Kukosha kwe capacitance hakutsamiri pachaji yemagetsi uye voltage yemagetsi, asi zvinoenderana nechimiro nehukuru hwe conductor plate. Humbowo hwemasvomhu hunoratidza kuti capacitance inoenderana nechimiro nehukuru hwe conductor plate hunotsanangurwa munyaya ye parallel plate capacitor. Munyaya iyi, zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakati pe conductors mbiri pane vacuum.
Kukwanisa kwe capacitor kunoenderanawo nerudzi rwechinhu chiri pakati pema conductor plates maviri. Chinhu chiri pakati pema conductor plates maviri chinonzi dielectric. Kukwanisa kwe capacitor ane dielectrics kunokurukurwa zvakadzama munyaya ye zvinogara zvichishandiswa nemagetsi.
Chikamu che capacitance
Chikamu chemagetsi chinochaja iCoulomb uye chikamu chemusiyano wemagetsi iVolt, saka izvi zvakavakirwa pachiyero che capacitance chiri pamusoro apa. Chikamu che capacitance iCoulomb per Volt (C/V), chinonziwo Farad (F) chinobva pazita remusayendisiti wekuBritain Michael Faraday (1791-1867). Saka, 1 Farad = 1 Coulomb/Volt.
Ngatitii capacitor ine kukosha kwe2 Farad zvinoreva kuti capacitor inochengeta chaji yemagetsi ye +2 Coulombs pane imwe yema conductor plates uye -2 Coulombs pane imwe conductor plate. Kana ma conductor plates maviri ane mutsauko we 1 Volt. Kana bhatiri re 12 Volt rakabatana ne capacitor, rimwe rema conductor plates ane chaji yemagetsi i Q = CV = (2) (12 Volts) = +24 Coulomb nepo rimwe conductor plate iri -24 Coulomb.
Ndokumbirawo muzive kuti Farad inzvimbo yakakura kwazvo ye capacitance saka inowanzo shandiswa seyuniti diki, kureva microfarad pfupiso μF (10).-6 Farad) kana kuti picofarad yakapfupikiswa se pF (10-12 Farad). Kuverenga kwemasvomhu kuratidza kuti Farad iyuniti hombe, inokurukurwa munyaya ye parallel plate capacitor.
