Chinyorwa pamusoro pesimba remagetsi
Usati wadzidza nyaya iyi, tanga wanzwisisa basa, masimba anochengetedza, hukama huripo pakati pemasimba anochengetedza ane simba rinogona kuitika , masimba emagetsi nenzvimbo yemagetsi.
Simba remagetsi ndiro simba rekuchengetedza
Kuwedzera kune simba regiravhiti nesimba rechitubu, mumwe muenzaniso wesimba rekuchengetedza isimba remagetsi. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani kuti sei simba remagetsi richinzi simba rekuchengetedza, nzwisisa tsananguro inotevera.
Ngatitii pane maplate maviri ane magetsi sezvakaratidzwa pamufananidzo, plate yekuruboshwe ine magetsi akanaka, uye plate yerudyi ine magetsi akanaka. Museve uri pakati pemaplate maviri ndiwo mitsetse yemagetsi inobuda kubva mu positive charge ichienda kune negative charge. Positive charge iri pedyo neplate ine magetsi akanaka.
Kuvapo kwesimba remagetsi kunoita kuti simba remagetsi rione simba remagetsi richienda kusimba remagetsi kuitira kuti simba remagetsi rikurumidze kuenda kurudyi richienda kuplate ine negative charge. Kuenda kwesimba remagetsi kurudyi, munzira yekufamba kwesimba remagetsi, kuitira kuti simba remagetsi riite basa rakanaka pacharge. Pamasvomhu, basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pacharge iri nderekuti W = F d = q E d, apo W = basa, F = simba remagetsi, d = chinhambwe pakati pemaplate maviri, q = positive charge, E = electric field.
Mushure mekusvika pedyo neplate ine negative charge, kana positive charge ichizodzoserwa panzvimbo yayo yekutanga pedyo neplate ine negative charge, simba rekunze rinodiwa. Kana positive charge ikaendeswa kuruboshwe kuenda kuplate ine positive charge, simba remagetsi rinoramba rakanangidzirwa kurudyi kuitira kuti simba remagetsi riite basa re negative pacharge. Pamasvomhu, basa rinoitwa nemagetsi pa positive charge ndiW = – F d = – q E d.
Basa rose rinoitwa nemagetsi pachaji yakanaka, kana chaji ikaenda kurudyi, yozodzokera kuruboshwe kunzvimbo yayo yekutanga, iW = q E d – q E d = 0. Kana basa remambure rikaitwa nesimba riri pachinhu, kana chinhu chikafamba kubva panzvimbo yacho yekutanga chobva chadzokera panzvimbo yacho yekutanga, yakaenzana ne zero, saka simba iri isimba risingachinji. Zvichibva patsananguro iri pamusoro, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti simba remagetsi isimba risingachinji.
Simba remagetsi uye simba remagetsi
Basa rinoitwa nemasimba anochengetedza rine chekuita nekuchinja kwesimba rinogona kumuka. Semuenzaniso, basa rinoitwa nesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pachinhu chine simba rinochinja simba rinokwevera zvinhu rine simba guruva. Saizvozvowo, basa rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi muchaji yemagetsi rinochinja simba rinokwevera zvinhu rine simba guruva.
Chaja yakanaka mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Mifananidzo miviri iri pazasi inoratidza mienzaniso yebasa rinoitwa nemasimba anochengetedza ayo anokonzera shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kugadzika. Tsananguro yebasa rinoitwa nesimba regiravhiti uye shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kugadzika rinoshandiswa kuenzanisa,
kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa basa rinoitwa nemagetsi uye shanduko dziri kuitika mumagetsi.
Mufananidzo uri kuruboshwe unoratidza chinhu chiri kuwira pasi zvakasununguka. Kana chiri pamusoro, zvinhu zvine simba guru rekukwevera pasi. Pachinofamba pasi, simba rekukwevera pasi rinoshanda pachinhu chacho. Kutungamira kwesimba rekukwevera pasi kwakafanana nekutungamira kwekufamba kwechinhu chiri pasi kuitira kuti simba rekukwevera pasi riite basa rakanaka. Kana rikakurumidza kudzika, kukwirira kwechinhu kunoderera zvekuti simba rekukwevera rechinhu rinoderera. Pakusvika pasi, simba rekukwevera pasi rinoderera. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa rakanaka rinoitwa nesimba rekukwevera pachinhu rinoderedza simba rekukwevera rechinhu. Simba rekukwevera harirasikirwi asi rinoshanduka kuita simba rekinetic, izvo zvinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwechinhu pachinofamba pasi.
Mufananidzo uri kurudyi unoratidza positive charge iri pedyo neplate ine positive charge. Kana iri pedyo neplate ine positive charge, electric potential energy ine kukosha kwakanyanya. Kuvapo kwesimba remagetsi pakati peplate mbiri kunoita kuti charge ikurumidze nekuda kwesimba remagetsi kubva paplate ine positive charge kuenda kuplate ine negative charge. Kana charge ichienda kurudyi, electric force iriwo munzira yekutama kwecharge ichienda kurudyi, zvekuti electric force inoita positive function. Pakufamba kurudyi, kinetic energy yecharge inowedzera ukuwo electric potential energy ichiderera.
Pakusvika pedyo neplate ine negative charge, simba remagetsi rinogona kunge riri pasi pemutengo. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa rakanaka rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji rinoderedza simba remagetsi rechaji. Kusiyana neizvi, kana positive charge ikadzoserwa panzvimbo yayo yekutanga, divi rekuchaji rinoshanduka kuruboshwe, rakapesana nedivi rekuchaji remagetsi kurudyi. Nekuda kwedivi rakapesana, simba remagetsi rinoita basa rakanaka pachaji yakanaka. Pakufamba kuruboshwe, simba remagetsi rinowedzera. Saka, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa rakanaka rinoitwa nesimba remagetsi pachaji rinowedzera simba remagetsi rechaji.
Chaja isina kunaka mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Kusiyana nechaji yakanaka, chaji isina simba ine simba guru remagetsi kana iri pedyo neplate ine chaji isina simba uye simba shoma remagetsi kana iri pedyo neplate ine chaji yakanaka. Zvinonzwisisika kuti chaji yemagetsi inoshanduka kubva pa high potential kuenda pa low potential, saka chaji isina simba inoshandukawo kubva paplate ine chaji isina simba kuenda paplate ine chaji yakanaka. Nzira yekutama kwechaji isina simba iri kuruboshwe, nepo nzira yesimba remagetsi iri kurudyi kuitira kuti simba remagetsi rishande zvisina simba. Pakufamba kuruboshwe, simba remagetsi rine chaji isina simba rinoderera uye rine kukosha kushoma kana chaji isina simba yasvika pedyo neplate ine chaji yakanaka. Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti basa risina simba rinoitwa nemagetsi rinoderedza simba remagetsi rine chaji isina simba. Simba remagetsi harirasikirwi asi rinoshanduka kuita kinetic energy iro rinoratidzwa nekuwedzera kumhanya kwechaji pakufamba kuenda paplate ine chaji yakanaka.
Simba remagetsi rinogona kushandiswa mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana
Simba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja kana chaja iri panzvimbo yakati, kukosha kwayo hakugone kuzivikanwa. Asi kana chaja ichifamba kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, inogona kuverengerwa shanduko yesimba remagetsi rinogoneka rekuchaja. Saka, zvinoreva shanduko musimba rinogoneka. Shanduko musimba remagetsi rinogoneka (ΔEP) dzinogona kuzivikanwa kana chaja yakanaka ichifamba kubva pa high potential (positive charged plate) kuenda pa low potential (negative charged plate).
Kana tichienzanisa, kana mango iri pahunde yayo, mango ine simba rekukwevera pasi, asi kukosha kwayo hakugone kuzivikanwa. Kana muchero wemango ukakurumidziswa pasi nesimba rekukwevera pasi, shanduko yesimba rekukwevera pasi remango inogona kuzivikanwa kuburikidza nekuverenga uchishandisa fomura W = ΔEP = mgh,
apo m = huremu, g = kukurumidza kwegiravhiti, h = chinhambwe chiri pakati pemango nepamusoro pevhu.
Saizvozvowo, shanduko dzesimba remagetsi rinogoneka pakuchaja dzinogona kuzivikanwa kana simba remagetsi richikurumidzisa kuchaja kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Sezvakatsanangurwa kare, kana chaja yakanaka ichibva paplate ine chaja yakanaka kuenda paplate ine chaja yakaipa,
Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kunoverengwa uchishandisa fomura W = ΔEP = q E d, apo q = chaji yemagetsi, E = munda wemagetsi uye d = chinhambwe chiri pakati penzvimbo nenzvimbo. Saizvozvowo, kana chaji isina simba ichifamba kubva paplate ine chaji isina simba ichienda paplate ine chaji yakanaka, kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi rine chaji isina simba kunoverengwa uchishandisa fomura W = ΔEP = q E d.
Simba remagetsi rinogoneka remapoinzi maviri
Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi hakungoonekwi chete nekuchaja mumunda wemagetsi wakafanana, asiwo munda wemagetsi unogadzirwa nekuchaja kwemagetsi kumwe chete. Ngatitii pane kuchaja kumwe chete Q kunoburitsa munda wemagetsi uye kuchaja kweq kune chinhambwe che r kubva kuchaja Q.
Q = kuchaja kwemagetsi kunokonzera munda wemagetsi
q = chaji yemagetsi inobviswa mumunda wemagetsi inogadzirwa nechaji Q
d = r = daro rekuchaja q kubva pakuchaja Q.
Kana machaji ese ari maviri aine chiratidzo chimwe chete, + kana -, ipapo machaji maviri anodzingana kana kuti anomira kure nemumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kuve rakanaka (simba remagetsi rinowedzera). Izvi zvakafanana nechinhu chine huremu chinokwira kumusoro kubva panyika kuitira kuti kukwirira kwacho nesimba regiravhiti riwedzere. Kusiyana neizvi, kana chiratidzo chechaji dzese dziri mbiri chisina kufanana, machaji maviri anodhonzana kana kuswedera pedyo mumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti shanduko musimba rinokwanisa kuve negative (simba remagetsi rinoderedzwa). Izvi zvakafanana nechinhu chine huremu chichifamba pasi chichiswedera pamusoro penyika kuitira kuti kukwirira kwacho nesimba regiravhiti zvideredzwe.
Simba remagetsi isimba rinochengetedza, saka chimiro chenzira yekuchaja hachikanganisi shanduko musimba remagetsi. Chinopesvedzera kukosha kweshanduko musimba remagetsi, inzvimbo yekutanga nenzvimbo yekupedzisira yekuchaja.
Panyaya inotevera pachadzidzwa nezvesimba remagetsi, huwandu hwemuviri hwakabatana zvakanyanya nesimba remagetsi.
