Zvidzidzo zveFizikisi zveBasic

Kusawirirana kwemafungu

Zvinyorwa nezve Wave refraction

Hunhu hwemafungu ndeyekudzikamisa. Kudzikamisa kunoitika kana mafungu aimbofamba nepakati pechinhu chimwe achipinda mune imwe nzira. Semuenzaniso, mafungu eruzha anotanga kufamba nemhepo obva asangana nemadziro, mamwe mafungu eruzha anoonekwa nemadziro, mamwe anodzikamisa nemadziro. Kudzikamisa kunoreva kuti mafungu eruzha anotorwa kana kutumirwa mumadziro, asi gwara rekupararira rinochinja. Kuchinja kwegwara rekupararira kunoitika nekuti kumhanya kwemafungu eruzha kunochinja kana achipinda mune imwe nzira yakasiyana neyaimbopinda.

Fomura yetsananguro uye mhando dzemafungu emakanika

Zvinyorwa nezve fomura yetsanangudzo uye mhando dzemafungu emakanika

TSANANGURO YEMAFUTA EMICHINI

Kana ukabata mugumo mumwe wetambo woizunguza kumusoro nekudzika, panobva paonekwa mafungu anopararira netambo. Kana ukadonhedza dombo mumvura, mafungu anoonekwa pamusoro pemvura. Tambo nemvura zvinongotenderera zvichikwira nekudzika, kwete kufamba zvakatwasuka. Mafungu ari patambo nemafungu mumvura mienzaniso yemafungu emagetsi.

Mafungu emakanika mafungu anofamba nepakati pechinhu. Mienzaniso yemafungu emakanika mafungu ari patambo kana tambo, mafungu mumvura, mafungu eruzha anopararira mumhepo, uye mafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika anopararira muvhu. Mafungu anogona kufamba daro refu nepo chinhu chinodedera nemafungu chiri pedyo nenzvimbo yekuenzana.

Kuratidzwa kwemafungu

Tsanangudzo yeKufungisisa uye Mienzaniso muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva

Chimwe chinhu chinoratidza mafungu ndechekuona kufungisisa. Mafungu emvura yegungwa anopararira mugungwa paanorova dombo, mafungu anodzokera shure, ndizvo zvinoitawo mafungu emvura ari mubhavhu remvura paanosangana nemadziro, mafungu emvura anodzokera shure akananga kwaakabva.

Mienzaniso yekufungisisa kunoitika nemafungu eruzha ndeye manzwi uye manzwi. Kudzokorora kunoitika kana ruzha rwukaburitswa apo inzwi rinenge richiri kurira. Kazhinji, manzwi acho anoitika munzvimbo yakavharirwa. Nepo manzwi acho anoitika kana ruzha rwukaburitswa mushure mekunge ruzha rwabuda. Manzwi acho anowanzoitika panze uye haavhiringidzi, asi manzwi acho anowanzo shungurudza nekuti, semuenzaniso, kana mumwe munhu achitaura muimba yakavharwa, kuratidzwa kwezwi remunhu kubva pamadziro kunoita kuti kutaura kwemunhu kusvibiswe. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kazhinji, pamadziro enzvimbo dzakavharwa dzakadai sema auditoriums kana ma studio emimhanzi, ma air vibration dampers akaiswa anotumira ruzha kuitira kuti ruzha rusaratidzike.

Simba remagetsi remagetsi rinochaja simba remagineti

Zvinyorwa nezve Electric current electric charge magnetic field magnetic force

Muna 1819, musayendisiti wekuDenmark ainzi Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851) akawana hukama huripo pakati pemagineti nemagetsi kana kuti machaji anofamba. Akawana kuti kana tsono yekambasi iri pedyo newaya inorarama, tsono yekambasi inotsauswa. Kana pasina magetsi, tsono yekambasi inonongedzera kuchamhembe.

Tsono yekambasi imagneti, saka inogona kufambiswa nesimba remagineti. Simba remagineti (F) rinobva kupi? Pedyo netsono yekambasi, pane waya inotakura magetsi kuitira kuti simba remagineti riitwe nesimba remagineti.

Dielectric

Dielectric i insulator inoparadzanisa maplate maviri kana mapepa emuchina wekufambisa magetsi ari pa capacitor. Ma insulators zvinhu zvisingakwanise kufambisira magetsi, semuenzaniso, purasitiki, girazi, bepa, kana huni. Basa re dielectric nderekuwedzera capacitance kuitira kuti capacitor igone kuchengetedza magetsi akawanda uye simba remagetsi.

A capacitor inogona kushanda kana maplate ese ari maviri econductor asingabatane kuitira kuti chaji yemagetsi isafambe kubva kune imwe conductor kuenda kune imwe. Saizvozvowo, kuitira kuti chaji yemagetsi isafambe kubva kune conductor kuenda kumhepo, nzvimbo iri pakati pemaconductor maviri inofanira kunge iri vacuum. Munyaya yeplate yakafanana, capacitor yakakurukurwa nezve capacitance yemacapacitor eplate yakafanana ayo akaparadzaniswa ne vacuum. Capacitance ye capacitor mu vacuum ine miganhu zvekuti kuti uwedzere capacitance, isa dielectric pakati peplate mbiri.

Simba remagetsi rinochengetwa muma capacitors

Chinyorwa pamusoro peSimba reMagetsi rinochengetwa muma capacitors

The capacitor inoumbwa nemaplate maviri econductor uye, pakati pemaconductor maviri, pane dielectric. Pakutanga, maconductor maviri haana simba remagetsi. Kuti capacitor ishande, ndiro yega yega kana pepa reconductor rinofanira kunge rakachajwa nemagetsi, uko huwandu hwechaja yemagetsi muconductor yega yega hwakaenzana asi hwakasiyana mumhando. Fungidzira kuti imwe yemaconductors akachajwa ndeye Q = +10 Coulomb, imwe kondakita ndi Q = -10 Coulomb. Kuvapo kwemhando imwe chete yechaji yemagetsi yakakura asi yakasiyana mumakondirakita ese ari maviri kunoita kuti pave nemagetsi pakati pemaplate maviri econductor, uko divi remagetsi riri kubva pachaji yakanaka kuenda pachaji yakaipa. Pamusoro pezvo, kunewo musiyano wesimba remagetsi pakati pemakondirakita maviri aya, apo maconductor ane chaji yakanaka ane simba remagetsi rakawanda nepo maconductor ane simba remagetsi rakaderera.

Chinyorwa nezve Equation ye capacitor circuit

Capacitor ine capacitance yakati. Kana capacitance inodiwa isipo, inogona kubatanidzwa kune capacitor mbiri kana kupfuura kuti iwane capacitance inodiwa. Kuti capacitor ibatanidze zvakanaka, inoda ruzivo rwakarurama nezve capacitor circuit. 🙂

Equation yedunhu re capacitor 1 Usati wadzidza nezve capacitor circuit, kutanga, nzwisisa zviratidzo zvinotevera. Mitsetse miviri yakatwasuka pachiratidzo che capacitor inomiririra ma conductor maviri ari pa parallel plate capacitors. Muchiratidzo chebhatiri, mutsetse wakatwasuka wakareba unomiririra high potential (+) uye mutsetse mupfupi wakatwasuka unomiririra low potential (-). Mutsetse wakatwasuka wezvose chiratidzo che capacitor nechiratidzo chebhatiri unomiririra cable.

Tsanangudzo yeKukwanisa kweCapacitance yeCapacitors

Girazi diki rinogona kuva nemvura shoma, nepo girazi guru richiva nemvura yakawanda. Kana girazi rakakura, mvura yakawanda inogona kuvapo. Saka, girazi rega rega rine kugona kana saizi yekukwanisa kuchengeta mvura. Kufanana negirazi, ma capacitor anogonawo kuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi nesimba remagetsi. Capacitor kugona kuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi uye simba remagetsi rinogoneka kunonzi capacitance.

Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugona kwemagetsi

Kukura kwegirazi kunokwanisa kuchengeta mvura kunoenderana nehuwandu hwegirazi. Ko ma capacitor, chii chinoratidza hukuru hwe capacitor hwekuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi?

Chinyorwa pamusoro peKuwedzerwa kweVectors

1. Huwandu hwevector nescalar

Kuwedzera kune huwandu hwakakosha uye hwakatorwa, huwandu hwemuviri hunogona kukamurwa kuita mamwe marudzi maviri, kureva huwandu hwe scalar nehuwandu hwe vector. Huwandu hwakadai sehukuru, daro, nguva uye vhoriyamu, huwandu hwe scalar, huwandu hune hukuru chete asi husina gwara. Nepo hukuru hwakadai sekutama, kumhanya, kukurumidza, uye simba huri huwandu hwe vector, huwandu hune hukuru uye hune gwara.

a. Kusiyana pakati pe shuwandu hwecalar nevector

Kana ukati huremu hwebhora magiramu mazana mana, chirevo ichi chakakwana kuti uzive huremu hwebhora. Haudi gwara kuti uzive huremu hwebhora. Saizvozvowo nenguva, tembiricha, vhoriyamu, density, nezvimwewo. Kune huwandu hwakawanda hwemuviri husingagone kuratidzwa muhukuru chete. Kana ukati mwana anofamba kusvika pamamita zana, chirevo ichi hachina kukwana. Ungabvunza kuti, akatamira kupi? Kuchamhembe, kumaodzanyemba, kumabvazuva, kana kumadokero here? Saizvozvowo, kana ukati unosunda tafura nesimba re200 N.

Chinyorwa pamusoro peHuwandu hwefizikisi mukufamba kwakatwasuka

1. Nguva yenguva

Kana chinhu chichifamba kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe, chinhu chacho chinoda nguva yakatarwa. Chiratidzo chenguva ndi t (nguva). Chikamu chenguva chehurongwa hwepasi rose ndechechipiri (s).

2. Kureba uye kutama

Kureba kwenzira inotorwa nechinhu. Kureba kwenzira inhamba inokasira, uko huwandu husingatsamiri pakunongedzera. Chiratidzo chedaro ndi d uye chikamu chehurongwa hwepasi rose imita (m).