Nzira yeLorenz: Kunzwisisa Kugoverwa Kwehupfumi uye Kusaenzana Kwemari
Sechishandiso chekuongorora mune zvehupfumi, Lorenz curve imufananidzo unoratidza kugoverwa kwemari kana pfuma munharaunda. Iyi curve yakatumidzwa zita raMax O. Lorenz, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yekuAmerica yakaiunza muna 1905. Kunzwisisa curve yeLorenz kunotibatsira kuongorora huwandu hwekusaenzana kwemari uye kunopa nzwisiso mukugoverwa kwehupfumi.
Kunzwisisa uye Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeLorenz Curve
Mutsetse weLorenz idhayagiramu inoratidza kugoverwa kwemari inowanikwa (kana pfuma) zvichienzaniswa nehuwandu hwevanhu . Pamutsetse wepakati wakatsetseka, tinoratidza huwandu hwevanhu vanounganidzwa, nepo mutsetse wepakati wakatsetseka uchiratidza huwandu hwemari inowanikwa kana pfuma.
Kana tikaronga kugoverwa kwemari kwakaenzana zvakakwana , mhedzisiro yacho ichava mutsetse wedhigirii makumi mana nemashanu unozivikanwa semutsetse wekuenzana kwakakwana. Zvisinei, kugoverwa kwemari kusina kuenzana kwaizogadzira mugero unokotama pasi pemutsetse uyu wekuenzana. Mugero wacho ukareba kubva pamutsetse wekuenzana, ndipo panowedzera kusaenzana kwemari munyika kana munharaunda.
Kuverenga uye Kududzira Lorenz Curve
Kuti tinzwisise nzira yeLorenz, zvakakosha kuti tikwanise kuverenga nekududzira data nemazvo. Maitiro aya anogona kutanga nekuunganidza data remari kubva kuvanhu vari kudzidzwa. Data racho rinozorongwa kubva pakaderera kusvika pakakwirira. Tevere, tinoverenga huwandu hwemari inowanikwa nevanhu kuti tigadzire nzira yacho.
Semuenzaniso, kana 20% yepasi yevanhu ichingotonga 5% yemari yese inowanikwa , poindi inoenderana paLorenz curve ichave pa (0.2; 0.05). Maitiro aya anodzokororwa kuvanhu vese, zvichizopedzisira zvaita curve.
Saka, kana mugero wasvika pamutsetse wekuenzana kwakakwana, izvi zvinoratidza mwero wakaderera wekusaenzana. Zvisinei, kana mugero uri kure nemutsetse uyu, mwero wekusaenzana wakakwira.
Gini Index: Chiyero cheKusaenzana
Kuti zviwedzere kuongororwa, Gini index inowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete neLorenz curve. Iyi index inoverengerwa zvichibva panzvimbo iri pakati peLorenz curve nemutsetse wekuenzana kwakakwana, yakakamurwa nenzvimbo yese iri pasi pemutsetse. Kukosha kweGini kunobva pa0 kusvika pa1, 0 ichiratidza kuenzana kwakakwana uye 1 ichiratidza kusaenzana kwakakwana.
Semuenzaniso, kana nyika ine Gini index ye0,3, izvi zvinoratidza kuti nyika ine kugoverwa kwakaenzana kwemari inowanikwa kupfuura nyika ine Gini index ye0,6.
Kushandiswa kweLorenz Curve muEconomic Policy
Nzira yeLorenz neGini index zvinowanzova zvishandiso zvakakosha kune vanogadzira mitemo mukugadzira mitemo yekugovaniswa kwehupfumi . Semuenzaniso, kana ongororo ikaratidza huwandu hwakanyanya hwekusaenzana, hurumende inogona kukurudzirwa kuisa mitero inofambira mberi, uko mapoka ane mari yakawanda anobhadhara chikamu chakakwira chemitero. Mamwe matanho anogona kusanganisira kuwedzera mari inoshandiswa munharaunda kana rubatsiro rwemapoka asina rubatsiro.
Pamusoro pezvo, nzira yeLorenz inogona kubatsira kuongorora shanduko mukugoverwa kwemari nekufamba kwenguva. Semuenzaniso, kana nyika ikashandisa mitemo yehupfumi inoderedza kusaenzana, nzira yeLorenz mumakore anotevera ichave iri pedyo nemutsara wekuenzana kwakakwana kupfuura mumakore apfuura.
Kutsoropodzwa uye Kuganhurirwa kweLorenz Curve
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, nzira yeLorenz haina matambudziko ayo. Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinotsoropodzwa ndechekuti inogona kushandiswa chete kuongorora kugoverwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakaita semari inowanikwa kana pfuma, pasina kufunga nezvezvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita nekugara zvakanaka, zvakaita sekuwana rubatsiro rwehutano kana dzidzo.
Kugovaniswa uku hakuna kukwanawo pakuratidza mutsauko wenzvimbo kana wevanhu mukugovaniswa kwemari. Semuenzaniso, nyika inogona kunge iine kugovaniswa kwakafanana kweLorenz, asi panogona kunge paine mutsauko mukuru pakati penzvimbo dzemumaguta nedzekumaruwa.
Uyezve, kunyange zvazvo curve ichigona kuratidza kusaenzana muhuwandu, haipe ruzivo rwezvikonzero zvekusaenzana ikoko. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kweLorenz curve kunofanira kubatanidzwa nekuongorora kwakadzama kwezvinhu zvinokonzera kusaenzana kuti pave nemufananidzo wakazara.
Maonero Epasi Rose uye Kusaenzana
Padanho repasi rose, nzira yeLorenz inobatsira kunzwisisa kugoverwa kwemari inowanikwa munyika dzakasiyana. Mishumo yenguva dzose inoburitswa nemasangano epasi rose akadai seWorld Bank inowanzoshandisa nzira iyi kuyera kufambira mberi mukuderedza kusaenzana kwepasi rose.
Kunyangwe paine kudzikira kwekusaenzana kwemari inowanikwa pasi rose nekuda kwekukura kwehupfumi munyika dzichiri kusimukira, nyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira dziri kusangana nekusaenzana kuri kuwedzera. Nzira yeLorenz chishandiso chakakosha mukudzidza chiitiko ichi, ichipa ruzivo kune vanogadzira mitemo nevadzidzi kuti vagadzire nzira dzinoshanda dzekugadzirisa matambudziko aya.
Mhedziso
Nzira yeLorenz chishandiso chine simba chekuongorora kugoverwa kwemari uye kusaenzana mukati mevanhu. Nekuratidza nemaziso kuenzaniswa kwekugoverwa kwemari chaiyo nezvinotarisirwa, nzira iyi inobatsira kuona mazinga nekuchinja kwekusaenzana nekufamba kwenguva.
Zvisinei, sechero chishandiso chekuongorora, nzira yeLorenz inoshanda zvakanyanya kana ikashandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzekuratidza mufananidzo wakakwana wekugoverwa kwehupfumi. Pasinei nemiganhu yayo, kushandisa nzira iyi pamwe chete neGini index uye kuongorora kwakazara zvikonzero zvekusaenzana kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha kune vanogadzira mitemo nenyanzvi dzezvehupfumi kuti vagadzire mhinduro dzakaenzana uye dzinogara kwenguva refu.
