Infrared: Kufumura Zvakavanzika zveMafungu Asingaonekwe
Infrared, inowanzonzi far-infrared, imhando yemwaranzi yemagetsi ine urefu hwewavelength hwakareba kupfuura chiedza chinoonekwa asi hupfupi kupfuura mafungu eredhiyo. Izwi rekuti "infrared" rinobva pashoko rechiLatin rekuti "infra," zvichireva kuti "pasi," zvichiratidza kuti infrared ine mafrequency ari pasi pechiedza chitsvuku chinoonekwa neziso remunhu. Kunyangwe isingaonekwe, infrared inoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwemazuva ano uye tekinoroji.
Nhoroondo yeKuwanikwa kweInfrared
Kuwanikwa kwemwaranzi ye infrared kwakatanga nekuyedza kwesainzi kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yezvemuchadenga William Herschel muna 1800. Herschel, mukuyedza kuyera tembiricha yemavara akasiyana echiedza mu spectrum inooneka, akashandisa girazi prism kupatsanura chiedza chezuva kuita muraraungu waro wemavara. Nekuisa ma thermometers pazvikamu zvakasiyana zve spectrum, akawana kuti tembiricha yepamusoro yaive pamusoro pechiedza chitsvuku chinoonekwa. Kubva pane izvi, Herschel akagumisa kuti paive nerudzi rusingaonekwe rwemwaranzi rwatinoziva ikozvino semwaranzi ye infrared.
Hunhu hweInfrared
Infrared ine urefu hwemarefu hunobva pa700 nanometers (nm) kusvika 1 millimeter (mm). Iyo infrared spectrum pachayo yakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana: near infrared (0,7–1,3 µm), mid-infrared (1,3–3 µm), uye far infrared (3 µm–1 mm).
Near-infrared ine hunhu hwakafanana nechiedza chinoonekwa uye inowanzoshandiswa mukutaurirana kwefiber-optic. Mid-infrared inoshandiswa mukushandiswa kwakadai se spectroscopy uye thermography, nepo far-infrared ichishandiswa mukuona kupisa uye kuona kupisa.
Mashandisirwo eTekinoroji yeInfrared
1. Kutaurirana
Infrared inoita basa rakakosha muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, kunyanya mumasisitimu ekudzora ari kure. Maremote control, akadai seaya eterevhizheni, anoshandisa masaini einfrared kutumira mirairo kubva kuremote control kuenda kumidziyo yemagetsi. Infrared inoshandiswawo muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana husina waya hupfupi, hwakadai seIrDA (Infrared Data Association), iyo inobvumira kutamiswa kwedata pakati pemidziyo yakaita semakombiyuta nemaprinta pasina tambo.
2. Kunzwa Kure uye Masatellite
Munyaya yekuona zviri kure, infrared inobatsira zvikuru pakuona pamusoro peNyika kubva muchadenga. Masatellite ane ma infrared sensors anogona kuyera tembiricha yePasi, kutarisa shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza, kuona moto wemasango, uye kuona mamiriro ekunze.
3. Tekinoroji Yekurapa
Infrared inoshandiswawo mune zvehutano. Semuenzaniso, infrared thermography inoshandiswa kuona shanduko mukupisa kwemuviri dzinogona kuratidza hutachiona kana kuzvimba. Infrared inoshandiswawo mukuvhiyiwa ne laser, uko chiedza che infrared chinobatsira kuderedza kana kuparadza nyama ine kenza pasina kukuvadza nyama yakakomberedza ine hutano.
4. Chiratidzo cheusiku
Tekinoroji yekuona husiku inoshandisawo infrared. Magirazi ekuona husiku anoshanda nekuwedzera chiedza cheinfrared, icho chinowanzoonekwa kwese kwese asi chisingaonekwe. Tekinoroji iyi inobvumira zvinhu nevanhu kuti vaonekwe zvakajeka mumamiriro ezvinhu ane rima.
5. Maindasitiri neMotokari
Muindasitiri, makamera ekupisa e infrared anoshandiswa kutarisa kana paine kupisa kwakanyanya mumichina kana magetsi, izvo zvinogona kuratidza dambudziko. Muchikamu chemotokari, masensa ekupaka anoshandisa infrared kuona zvipingamupinyi zvakatenderedza mota, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuti vatyairi vapake mota.
Mabhenefiti uye Mabhenefiti eInfrared
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zveinfrared kugona kwayo kuona kupisa. Zvinhu zvese zvine tembiricha iri pamusoro pe zero (0 Kelvin) zvinoburitsa mwaranzi yeinfrared. Saka, infrared inoshanda zvikuru mumashandisirwo anoda kuona kupisa, akadai se thermography uye ma sensor ekuona husiku.
Imwe mukana ndeyekuwanikwa kwakapararira, kukwanisika kutenga, uye nyore kushandisa tekinoroji ye infrared. Tekinoroji ye infrared yagara ichishandiswa muzvishandiso zvemazuva ese zvakaita se remote controls, makamera ekuchengetedza, uye masensa emotokari, zvichiita kuti ive yakajairika uye yakavimbika.
Matambudziko uye Kuganhurirwa kweInfrared
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo akasiyana-siyana, tekinoroji ye infrared ine matambudziko ayo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinotadzisa infrared kugona kwayo kupinda muzvinhu zvakasimba. Semuenzaniso, masaini e infrared haagone kupinda mumadziro kana simbi, izvo zvinoderedza mafambiro ayo uye mashandisirwo ayo mukutaurirana kwe wireless kure.
Infrared inogonawo kukanganiswa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinopisa. Munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, senge muindasitiri yesimbi, kunyatsoonekwa kweinfrared kunogona kukanganiswa. Uyezve, mashandiro einfrared anogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze akadai semvura kana mhute yakakora, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kutapurirana kwechiratidzo cheinfrared.
Remangwana reTekinoroji yeInfrared
Zvichienderana nemashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana akatogadzirwa, infrared ine tarisiro yakajeka yeramangwana. Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi, mashandisirwo einfrared anotarisirwa kuwedzera kuwanda uye kuve epamusoro-soro.
Munyika yezvekurapa, tsvakurudzo iri kuramba ichigadzira nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzisinganyanyi kupindira dzekuongorora uchishandisa tekinoroji ye infrared. Sezvo tekinoroji yekutaurirana ichifambira mberi, mashandisirwo e infrared mukuchengetedza uye kutamisa data achawedzerawo.
Pakupedzisira, infrared chikamu che electromagnetic spectrum ine mashandisirwo akawanda. Kubva pakukwanisa kwayo kuona kupisa kusvika pabasa rayo mu tekinoroji yekutaurirana, infrared yave chinhu chakakosha mukufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yemazuva ano. Nekuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga nekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva, hazvirambiki kuti ramangwana retekinoroji ye infrared richapenya zvakanyanya—kunyangwe rikaramba risingaonekwe.
