Simba reMagineti: Chiitiko Chinoshamisa Chiri Kuseri Kwezvishamiso zveFizikisi
Magnetism ndeimwe yezviitiko zvechisikigo zvinonakidza uye ine mashandisirwo akawanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva kumakompasi anobatsira vaongorori kuwana nzira yavo kusvika kumatekinoroji epamusoro senge magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetism yakaita basa rakakosha muzvikamu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwevanhu. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura pfungwa huru ye magnetism, nhoroondo yekuwanikwa kwayo, mashandisirwo ayo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uye mashandiro ayo uye kukanganisa kwayo nyika yemazuva ano.
Pfungwa Yekutanga yeSimba reMagineti
Tsanangudzo uye Hunhu hweMagineti
Magineti chinhu chine simba rekukwezva zvinhu zve ferromagnetic zvakaita sesimbi, nickel, uye cobalt. Hunhu hwemagineti hunosanganisira matunhu ekuchamhembe nekuchamhembe, uko matunhu akatarisana anokwezvana, nepo matanda akafanana achidzingana. Iyi ndiyo nheyo huru inoratidza mashandiro anoita magineti mumabasa akasiyana-siyana.
Magineti anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: magineti echisikigo uye magineti ekugadzira. Magineti echisikigo, akadai selodestone kana magnetite, anowanikwa muzvisikwa, nepo magineti ekugadzira achigadzirwa nekugadzira zvimwe zvinhu kuti zvigadzire simba remagineti.
Munda weMagineti
Simba remagineti inzvimbo yakatenderedza magineti uko masimba emagineti anogona kunzwikwa. Simba iri rinoratidzwa nemitsara yesimba remagineti inobuda pamucheto wekuchamhembe wegineti yopindazve pamucheto wekumaodzanyemba. Simba resimba remagineti rinoenderana nedaro riri kubva pagineti uye simba remagineti pacharo.
Mitemo Yekutanga
Mutemo mukuru unodzora simba remagineti mutemo waCoulomb wemagnetism, unotaura kuti simba riri pakati pematanda maviri emagineti rinoenderana zvakananga nechibereko chekusimba kwematanda maviri uye rinoenderana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati pawo. Pamusoro pezvo, mutemo waAmpère nemutemo waFaraday zvakakoshawo pakutsanangura zviitiko zvemagineti.
Nhoroondo yeKuwanikwa kweMagineti
Nhoroondo yemagineti inotangira zviuru zvemakore. Kushandiswa kwekutanga kwemagineti kunogona kuteverwa kuChina neGreece yekare. MaChinese aishandisa dombo repadenga kugadzira makampasi akareruka ekubatsira kufamba mugungwa. Kuwanikwa uku kwakabatsira zvikuru pakutsvaga nekutengeserana kwemazana emakore.
Muzana remakore rechi19, masayendisiti akadai saHans Christian Ørsted, André-Marie Ampère, naMichael Faraday vakawana zvinhu zvakakosha zvinobatanidza magetsi nemagnetism. Ørsted akawana kuti magetsi emagetsi anogona kugadzira magineti, ukuwo Ampère akawedzera kunzwisisa kwedu hukama huripo pakati pemagetsi nemagnetism. Kune rumwe rutivi, Faraday akawana electromagnetic induction, inova ndiyo hwaro hwezvishandiso zvakawanda zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano.
Kushandiswa kweSimba reMagineti muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Mashandisirwo muMagetsi
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakushandisa simba remagineti ndeyekushandisa magetsi. Magineti anoshandiswa mumidziyo yakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira magudzanzwi, maikorofoni, uye mota dzemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, mune gudzanzwi, magineti inoshanda pamwe chete necoil kushandura masaini emagetsi kuita mafungu eruzha.
Tekinoroji Yekurapa
Magnetism ine basa guru muhunyanzvi hwekurapa, kunyanya mu magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI inzira yekufungidzira inoshandisa simba remagineti nemafungu eredhiyo kuti ibudise mifananidzo yakadzama yenhengo nezvivako zviri mumuviri. MRI yave chishandiso chakakosha mukuongorora chirwere nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupa mifananidzo yakajeka pasina kushandisa X-rays kana mamwe marara anoisa ionizing.
Kufamba uye Kutakura
Magineti anoshandiswawo mumasisitimu emazuva ano ekufambisa zvinhu. Global Positioning System (GPS) inoshandisa masateliti kuona nzvimbo ichishandisa simba remagineti rePasi. Pamusoro pezvo, zvitima zveMaglev (magnetic levitation) zvinoshandisa simba remagineti kusimudza nekusundidzira zvitima zvisina kubata njanji, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kumhanya zvakanyanya uye kufamba zvakanaka.
Penyimpanan Data
Mumakombiyuta uye tekinoroji yeruzivo, magnetism inoita basa guru mukuchengetedza data. Madhisiki edhisiki (HDD) muenzaniso wakanaka, apo data rinochengetwa muchimiro chemagnetism pamapuratifomu esimbi. Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kwakagonesa kuchengetedza data kwakakura uye nekukurumidza nekushandisa misimboti yemagnetism.
Zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva
Mumba, magineti anoshandiswa muzvinhu zvezuva nezuva zvakaita sekuvharwa kwemasuo efiriji, mabhatani ebhura nebhegi, uye matoyi ekudzidzisa vana. Mashandisirwo aya anoratidza mashandisirwo anoshanda uye akasiyana-siyana emagineti muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
Mashandiro Esimba Remagineti
Kudyidzana kweMagineti nezvinhu
Magineti anoshanda pamwe chete nezvinhu nekugadzira masimba anokwezva kana anosemesa. Kana chinhu chine magineti (senge chidimbu chesimbi) chikaiswa pedyo nemunda wemagineti, chinoitwa nenzira inonzi magnetic induction, uko chinozopedzisira chave nemagineti kwenguva pfupi. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kurongeka kwemagineti ari mukati mechinhu chacho.
Magetsi
Magetsi emagetsi imhando yemagineti ane simba remagineti rinogona kudzorwa nekushandura magetsi ari kufamba nepakati pewaya. Magetsi ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, anosanganisira michina yekurapa, mota dzemagetsi, uye marelay. Chimwe chezvakanakira zvavo kugona kudzora simba remagineti nemazvo uye kugadzirisa simba raro sezvinodiwa.
Magineti Anogara Aripo
Magineti inogara iripo imagneti inochengetedza simba rayo remagineti kwenguva yakareba. Zvinhu zvakaita sealnico, neodymium, uye samarium-cobalt mimwe mienzaniso yemagineti anogara aripo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Simba remagineti inogara iripo rinoenderana nezvinhu zvayakagadzirwa nazvo uye maitiro ekugadzira.
Mhedzisiro uye Matambudziko
Mhedzisiro yakanaka
Kushandiswa kwesimba remagineti kwabatsira vanhu zvikuru. Kubva pakubatsira vanhu kufamba-famba kusvika kumidziyo yemagetsi yepamusoro kusvika kuhunyanzvi hwekurapa hunoponesa hupenyu, magineti akavandudza hupenyu hwedu zvakanyanya. Uyezve, kutsvagisa nekuvandudza mumunda wesimba remagineti kuri kuramba kuchivhura mikana mitsva muhunyanzvi nekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva.
Matambudziko Nekuganhurirwa
Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemagineti kunosanganawo nematambudziko akati wandei. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira magineti, kunyanya magineti epasi asingawanzoonekwi, zvinogona kunge zvisingawanzoonekwi uye zvinodhura. Uyezve, kutonga marara emagineti uye kukanganisa kwemaitiro ekugadzira magineti kunewo matambudziko makuru.
Mhedziso
Magnetism chiitiko chakakosha uye chakapararira, chine mashandisirwo anofukidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwemazuva ano. Kubva pakawanikwa magineti echisikigo kusvika pakuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yepamusoro, magineti akaita basa risingatsiviwi. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita magineti uye mashandisirwo ayo, tinogona kunzwisisa zviri nani chiitiko ichi chechisikigo uye kuramba tichiongorora kugona kwegineti kusati kwashandiswa.
