Kupararira kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvakakosha zvepanyama muchadenga. Kubva pakutumira mameseji kuburikidza nemasaini eredhiyo kusvika pakuona chiedza chinotibvumira kuona nyika yakatipoteredza, mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora pfungwa dzawo dzekutanga, nzira dzekupararira, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mutekinoroji yanhasi.
Pfungwa Dzekutanga dzeMafungu eElectromagnetic
Mafungu emagetsi anosanganisira minda yemagetsi nemagineti inotenderera yakatarisana. Chinoaita kuti ave akakosha ndechekuti mafungu aya haadi chinhu chekushandisa kuti afambe. Zviyero zvavo zvemuviri nemaitiro zvinogona kutsanangurwa nekuenzanisa kwaMaxwell, uko kune maequations mana akasiyana anotsigira electrodynamics yekare.
Maequations mana aMaxwell:
1. Mutemo waGauss weMinda yeMagetsi: Munda wemagetsi wakasiyana wechaji yemagetsi unoenderana nekugoverwa kwechaji yemagetsi pachayo.
2. Mutemo waGauss weMagineti: Hakuna mamonopole emagineti; kureva kuti, mitsetse yemagineti inogara ichiumba zvishwe zvakavharwa.
3. Mutemo waFaraday: Simba remagetsi rinogona kukonzerwa nekuchinja kwesimba remagineti.
4. Mutemo waAmpere-Maxwell: Simba remagineti rinogona kugadzirwa nemagetsi emagetsi uye simba remagetsi rinochinja.
Nekunzwisisa maequation aMaxwell, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti minda yemagetsi neminda yemagineti zvakabatana sei kuti zvigadzire mafungu emagetsi.
Zvinhu Zvinokonzera Kupararira kweMafungu eElectromagnetic
1. Kuwanda uye Kureba kweMafungu:
Mafungu emagetsi anorongwa zvichienderana nefrequency yawo mukati me electromagnetic spectrum yakakura, kubva kumafungu eredhiyo ane frequency yakaderera kusvika kune gamma rays ine frequency yakakwira kwazvo. Frequency uye wavelength zvine hukama hwakapesana hunodzorwa nekumhanya kwechiedza.
2. Rudzi rwepakati:
Kunyangwe mafungu emagetsi asingade chinhu chinofambisa mhepo kuti afambe, kumhanya kwawo uye maitiro awo zvinogona kukanganiswa nechinhu chinofambisa mhepo chaanofamba nacho. Semuenzaniso, mu vacuum, mafungu emagetsi anofamba nekumhanya kwechiedza (anenge 299.792.458 metres pasekondi). Zvisinei, paanopfuura nepakati pezvinhu zvakaita semvura kana girazi, kumhanya kwawo kunoderera zvichienderana ne refractive index yezvinhu zvacho.
3. Kupatsanurana:
Polarization inzira yemagetsi inotenderera yemagetsi emagetsi. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzepolarization, dzinosanganisira linear, denderedzwa, uye elliptical. Rudzi urwu rwepolarization runowanzo shandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana etekinoroji, akadai semaantenna ekutaurirana uye mafirita epolarizing mumagirazi emaziso.
Maitiro Ekutanga Ekuparadzira
Mafungu emagetsi anogona kupararira nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nekuwanda kwawo uye mashandisirwo awo. Heano mamwe maitiro ekutanga ekupararira:
1. Kupararira Kwakarurama:
Chaizvoizvo, muchinhu chisina kusimba kana kuti chinopindirana, mafungu emagetsi anopararira mumitsara yakatwasuka. Chiitiko ichi chinotsanangurwa nemitemo yekufungisisa uye yekusachinja-chinja.
2. Kupatsanurwa:
Kana mafungu emagetsi akasangana nechipingamupinyi kana mukaha mudiki pane wavelength yawo, diffraction inoitika. Chiitiko ichi chinobvumira mafungu kupararira munzira dzakasiyana-siyana mushure mekupfuura nemukaha.
3. Kufungisisa uye Kudzokorora:
Kufungisisa kunoitika kana wave yemagetsi ichirova pamusoro uye yodzokera pakona imwecheteyo yayakasvika. Kuchinja kunoitika kana wave yemagetsi ichipfuura nemuganho uri pakati pema media maviri ane ma refractive indices akasiyana, zvichikonzera shanduko munzira yekupararira kwayo.
4. Kunwisa:
Kana mafungu emagetsi emagetsi akapararira kuburikidza neimwe nzira, simba rawo rinogona kutorwa neiyi nzira, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwesimba remafungu.
5. Kupindira:
Kupindirana kunoitika kana mafungu maviri kana anopfuura emagetsi akasangana uye akabatana, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kana kudzikira kwemaitiro avo akabatana.
Mashandisirwo muHupenyu hweZuva Nezuva
Mafungu emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha mumatekinoroji akasiyana-siyana atinoshandisa zuva nezuva:
1. Kutaurirana:
Mafungu eredhiyo nema microwave zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muhunyanzvi hwekutaurirana, kusanganisira redhiyo, terevhizheni, uye nharembozha. Masaini aya anogonesa kutumira data kure kure pasina kudiwa kwetambo.
2. Zvekurapa:
X-rays uye magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwemafungu emagetsi mukurapa. X-rays dzinoshandiswa kufungidzira maumbirwo emukati memuviri, nepo MRI inoshandisa masimba emagetsi akasimba uye mafrequency eredhiyo kugadzira mifananidzo yakadzama yenhengo nematishu.
3. Simba:
Mafungu emagetsi ari muchimiro chezuva ndiwo sosi huru yesimba rePasi. Mapaneru ezuva anoshandisa spectrum yechiedza kugadzira simba remagetsi kuburikidza ne photovoltaic process.
4. Kufamba:
Masisitimu ekufambisa epasi rose atinovimba nawo zuva nezuva, akadai seGPS, anovimba nemasaini eredhiyo anobva kumasetiraiti. Masaini aya anobvumira michina kuziva nzvimbo yayo nemazvo.
5. IoT neMidziyo Yakangwara:
Midziyo yakangwara uye ma network eInternet of Things (IoT) anowanzo vimba nemafungu emagetsi kuti akwanise kutaurirana pakati pemidziyo. Semuenzaniso, Bluetooth neWi-Fi zvinoshandisa ma microwave kubatanidza michina iri mukati me network yemuno.
Mhedziso
Mafungu emagetsi emagetsi zvinhu zvinokosha zvefizikisi zvakatsigira kufambira mberi kwakawanda kwetekinoroji nesainzi. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti anopararira sei uye anoshanda sei nenzvimbo yawo, tinogona kuramba tichigadzira matekinoroji matsva, anoshanda uye anoshanda. Ingave mukutaurirana, mushonga, simba, kana tekinoroji yakangwara, mafungu emagetsi emagetsi anoramba ari dombo guru rekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji kwevanhu.
