Matauriro aHegel uye Maitiro Enhoroondo
Pendauluan
Uzivi hunowanzoonekwa senzvimbo isina kujeka isina hukama hwakawanda nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, mumwe wevazivi vakuru venguva dzose, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, akapa mupiro wakakosha mukunzwisisa kuti nhoroondo yevanhu inoumbwa sei nekupesana kwepfungwa. Dialectic yaHegel haisi kungori fungidziro dzeuzivi chete, asiwo inzira inogona kutibatsira kunzwisisa maitiro enhoroondo zvakadzama. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora pfungwa yaHegel ye dialectic uye kuti inopesvedzera sei maonero edu enhoroondo.
Dialectic yaHegel: Tsanangudzo uye Pfungwa Dzekutanga
Dialectics inzira yekukurukurirana inoshandiswa naHegel kusvika pachokwadi, umo pfungwa kana pfungwa dzinopesana dzinopesana kuti pave nekunzwisisana kwakazara. Muchirevo cheHegelian, dialectics inowanzomiririrwa nematanho matatu: thesis, antithesis, uye synthesis.
1. Pfungwa huru: Iyi ndiyo pfungwa yekutanga inoburitswa, iyo inowanzo zivikanwa uye inogamuchirwa nenzanga.
2. Kupikisa: Iyi ipfungwa inoonekwa sekurambwa kana kusiyana nepfungwa. Kupikisa kunogadzira kupokana kana kusawirirana nepfungwa yacho.
3. Kuumbwa: Uku ndiko kugadziriswa kwekupesana pakati pepfungwa nepfungwa dzinopesana, zvichikonzera pfungwa itsva inosanganisa zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvezvose zviri zviviri.
Sekureva kwaHegel, nhoroondo yevanhu inoenderera mberi kuburikidza nemaitiro aya ekukurukurirana, umo kusawirirana pakati pepfungwa kunogona kuunza kufambira mberi nekushanduka kwepfungwa.
Matauriro aHegel muNhoroondo Yenhoroondo
Hegel aidavira kuti nhoroondo haisi kungounganidzwa kwezviitiko zvisina tsarukano, asi kuti pane Chikonzero kana Ungwaru hunotungamira gwara rayo. Kuna Hegel, nhoroondo ine zvazvinoreva uye chinangwa, chaakaona sekukura kweMweya Mutsvene.
Maitiro enhoroondo, maererano naHegel, kuzvizivisa kweMweya Mutsvene kuburikidza nenguva. Akaiona senzira yekutaura umo nhanho yega yega yenhoroondo ine gakava rinozogadziriswa kuburikidza nekugadzira, iro rinozova hwaro hwepfungwa itsva. Kutenderera uku kunodzokorora, kuchitungamira vanhu kumazinga epamusoro ekuziva nerusununguko.
Matanho Enhoroondo Mumaonero aHegel
Hegel akapatsanura nhoroondo kuita nguva dzakawanda huru dzinoratidza matanho akasiyana-siyana ekukura kwepfungwa dzevanhu:
1. Kumabvazuva Kwekare: Hegel aiona nhoroondo yenyika seyakatangira kuMabvazuva, kusanganisira Egypt, India, neChina. Padanho iri, munhu mumwe chete—mambo kana mambo—aive akasununguka zvechokwadi, nepo vanhu vazhinji vairarama pasi pehutongi.
2. Nyika yeGiriki neRoma: Nguva iyi yakaona kufambira mberi padanho rerusununguko, uko vanhu vakawanda vaiva nekodzero yekubatanidzwa muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Zvisinei, rusununguko ruchiri kungogumira kune mamwe mapoka evanhu.
3. Nyika yechiKristu yeGermano-European: Hegel akaona nguva iyi semugumo wekukura kwepfungwa dzevanhu. Mukuona kwaHegel, chiKristu chakaunza pfungwa yakakura yerusununguko rwemunhu uye ndiyo yaive danho rakanyanya kufambira mberi munhoroondo yevanhu kusvika pari zvino.
Matauriro Ekare muZviitiko Chaizvo
Hegel anopa mienzaniso yakasiyana-siyana yekuti dialectics inoshanda sei munhoroondo chaiyo. Muenzaniso mumwe chete ndewezviitiko zvakatenderedza Chimurenga cheFrance.
1. Chinyorwa: Hutongi hwehumambo hwakakwana uye kusagutsikana kwevanhu vazhinji.
2. Kupikisa: Chimurenga uye kupidigurwa kweumambo.
3. Kuumbwa: Kubuda kweRepublic iyo yakazokura kuva Humambo pasi paNapoleon.
Ndiyo nzira iyi, maererano naHegel, inoratidza kuti kusawirirana kunokonzerwa nekusagutsikana nehurongwa huripo kunogona kuburitsa rudzi rutsva, rwepamusoro-soro rwehurongwa runobatanidza zvinhu zvakakosha zvepfungwa nepfungwa dzinopesana.
Kutsoropodzwa uye Pesvedzero yeDialectics yaHegel
Pasinei nekurumbidzwa kwaHegel, kutaura kwake kwakanyatsotsoropodzwa. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kutsoropodzwa zvinosanganisira:
1. Kusarudza Kwenhoroondo: Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakapomera Hegel mhosva yekuona nhoroondo zvakanyanya, sekunge chiitiko chega chega chenhoroondo chaifanira kuitika nenzira yakati.
2. Eurocentrism: Hegel akapomerwa mhosva yekutarisa zvakanyanya nhoroondo yeEurope senzvimbo yepamusoro yekukura kwevanhu, ukuwo achiregeredza kana kuderedza mipiro yedzimwe tsika.
Zvisinei, simba remutauro waHegel we dialectic raive rakakura uye rakakura. Pakati pevanhu vakakosha vakapesvedzerwa nemutauro waHegel we dialectic paiva naKarl Marx, uyo akagadzirisa nekuvakazve pfungwa iyi kuti agadzire zvinhu zve dialectic, nzira yekunzwisisa nhoroondo sekusawirirana kwemapoka evanhu.
Kukosha kweMatauriro aHegel muNguva Yemazuva Ano
Dialectic yaHegel inopa nzira yekufunga ine simba mukududzira zviitiko zvenhoroondo uye kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Semuenzaniso, mumamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano, tinogona kuona dialectic mukupesana kuripo pakati pecapitalism nesocialism, kana mugakava riripo pakati pekudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.
Nekushandisa nzira yekutaura, tinogona kunzwisisa kuti kusawirirana hakusi chinhu chinofanira kudzivirirwa chete asi kunogonawo kuva chinhu chinokonzera shanduko huru munharaunda. Maitiro ekutaura anotibvumira kutarisa kwete chete pakusawirirana nekusiyana kwacho asiwo pane zvingangoitika zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusawirirana uku.
Mhedziso
Dialectic yaHegel ndeimwe yepfungwa dzakaoma asi dzinobatsira muuzivi, kunyanya pakunzwisisa nhoroondo. Nekuona nhoroondo sehondo dziri kuenderera mberi pakati pemazano uye kuona gakava rega rega semukana wekufambira mberi, dialectic yaHegel inopa maonero akanaka asi echokwadi ekukura kwevanhu.
Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa kwehungwaru hwake uye hunhu hweEurocentrism, simba raHegel rave rakapararira uye richigara kwenguva refu, kunyanya muminda yehuzivi hwemagariro evanhu uye dzidziso dzezvematongerwo enyika. Munguva ino yekusawirirana nekuchinja, nzira yaHegel yekutaura inoramba ichikosha sechishandiso chekuongorora mamiriro enhoroondo nemagariro evanhu.
Zvose, kutaura kwaHegel kunotipa hurongwa hwakasimba hwekunzwisisa kuti nhoroondo haisi nyaya yekufungidzira isina kurongeka, asi inzira ine musoro uye ine zvayakanakira, inotungamirwa nekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa dzinoenda kurusununguko nepfungwa dzepamusoro.
