Anarchism uye Uzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika
Anarchism itsika yekufunga kwezvematongerwo enyika inotsigira nzanga isina hurumende—iyo umo hukama hwevanhu hwakavakirwa pamisimboti yerusununguko rwekuzvidira, kushandira pamwe, uye kubatana. Richibva pashoko rechiGiriki rekuti “anarchos,” rinoreva kuti “pasina mutungamiri,” anarchism inowanzo nzwisiswa seshoko rinoreva nyonganyonga kana mutemo wesango. Mupfungwa dzehuzivi hwezvematongerwo enyika, anarchism inopa kutsoropodza kwakasimba kwehurongwa hwehutungamiriri nehwehudzvanyiriri uye inopa dzimwe nzira dzinoisa rusununguko rwemunhu neruenzaniso.
Mavambo neNhoroondo yeAnarchism
1. Anarchism yekare:
Kusava nepfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika kwakatanga kuonekwa muzana remakore rechi19. Vanhu vakaita saPierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, naPeter Kropotkin ndivo vakatanga pfungwa iyi. Proudhon anozivikanwa nepfungwa yake yekuti "pfuma kuba," kushoropodza muridzi wemunhu anoshandisa vashandi zvisina kunaka. Bakunin, kune rumwe rutivi, anozivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuramba kwake marudzi ese esimba rehurumende uye kuedza kwake kubatanidza kusava nepfungwa yehurumende nesangano revashandi. Kropotkin akawedzera chikamu chesainzi kudzidziso yake yeanarcho-communist, iyo yaitsigira kubviswa kwepfuma yenyika neyevanhu, ichitsiva nenharaunda dzinozvitonga dzekushandira pamwe.
2. Anarchism muzana remakore rechi20:
Muzana remakore rechi20, anarchism yakachinja-chinja zvakasiyana-siyana. MuSpain, panguva yeHondo yeVanhu veMarudzi ya1936-1939, anarchism yakasvika pakakwirira nekuyedza kwekuchinja kwemagariro evanhu muchimiro chekuunganidza maindasitiri nekurima. Munguva imwe cheteyo, vanhu vakaita saEmma Goldman naAlexander Berkman vakaita basa guru mukuparadzira pfungwa dzeanarchist muUnited States. Zvisinei, nekukwira kwefascism necommunism yeudzvanyiriri, kufamba kweanarchist kwakadzikira.
Nheyo dzeHuru dzeAnarchism
1. Kusateerera Utongi Hwechisimba:
Hutongi hweAnarchism hunopikisa marudzi ese esimba anoonekwa seanodzvinyirira, kungave hurumende, chitendero, kana capitalism. Hurumende inoonekwa semusiki wekusaruramisira kwemasangano, kunoratidzwa muhondo, kudzvinyirira, uye kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwehupfumi. VaAnarchist vanotenda kuti simba rinoshatisa, uye nekudaro, zvivakwa zvehudzvanyiriri zvinofanirwa kubviswa kuti pave nerusununguko rwechokwadi nekuenzana.
2. Kuzvitonga Kwemunhu Nerusununguko:
Vatsigiri veAnarchist vanosimbisa kukosha kwekuzvitonga kwemunhu. Munhu wese anoonekwa seane simba rekuzvitonga pasina chikonzero chekupindira kwekunze. Rusununguko pano harungorevi rusununguko kubva mukudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika chete asiwo rusununguko kubva mukushungurudzwa mune zveupfumi.
3. Kubatana uye Kubatsirana:
Nheyo dzekubatana uye kubatsirana ndiwo hwaro hwenzanga dzeanorchist. Kropotkin, mubhuku rake rinonzi "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution," akataura kuti kushandira pamwe nekubatana hunhu hwevanhu hwakasikwa hwakaita basa guru mukupona kwedu nekushanduka-shanduka.
Anarchism muUzivi hweZvematongerwo enyika
1. Kutsoropodzwa kweHurumende:
Mupfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika, hurumende inowanzoonekwa sechivimbiso chekurongeka nekururamisira. Hutongi hweAnarchism hunopikisa fungidziro iyi, huchiti hurumende chinhu chine simba rinochengetedza kusaenzana munharaunda nehupfumi. Semuenzaniso, nharo iyi inowanikwa mubasa raBakunin, uyo akasimbisa kuti hurumende inowedzera sei kushandiswa kwevashandi neboka rinotonga.
2. Dzidziso yeZvibvumirano Zvemagariro:
Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvematongerwo enyika, dzakadai saHobbes, Locke, naRousseau, dzinotsanangura kuumbwa kwenyika kuburikidza nedzidziso yechibvumirano chemagariro evanhu, umo vanhu vanobvumirana kusiya mamwe erusununguko rwavo vachitsinhana nekuchengetedzeka nerunyararo. VaAnarchist vanoramba dzidziso iyi, vachiti zvibvumirano zvakadaro hazvimbobvumiranwe nevanhu vese uye inzira yekusimbisa masimba ekushandisa masimba zvisina kunaka.
3. Democracy vs. Anarchism:
Kunyange hazvo democracy ichiwanzoonekwa senzira yehurumende yakarurama, anarchism inoratidza miganhu yayo. Democracy yemazuva ano yerusununguko, kubva pamaonero eanarchist, inoramba ichivimba nehurongwa hwehutungamiriri uye masangano ehurumende anodzvinyirira. Sarudzo dzakadai se "democracy yakananga" uye "federation yakasununguka" dzinoenderana nenheyo dzeanarchist nekuti dzinobvumira kutora chikamu zvakananga uye kuzvitonga kwenzvimbo.
Anarchism muKushanda
1. VaZapatista:
MuChiapas, Mexico, sangano reZapatista rinopa muenzaniso wemazuva ano wekusagadzikana kwehurumende. Nharaunda dzeZapatista dzinoramba hurumende yenyika uye dzinozvitonga kuburikidza nemakanzuru akazvimirira zvichibva pamisimboti yedemokrasi yakananga uye kubatana.
2. Munhu Akasununguka Munharaunda:
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi rose, mamwe marudzi emasangano ekurwira rusununguko, akadai semasangano erusununguko muRojava, Syria, akakurudzira vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika. Anogadzira hurongwa hwemagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika hunoedza kushandisa misimboti yehutongi hwechivanhu mumamiriro ehondo nemhirizhonga.
3. Mafambiro Evanhu:
Pamusoro pezvo, mafambiro akasiyana-siyana evanhu akadai seOccupy Wall Street nekuratidzira kweG20 anowanzo shandisa nzira dzehutongi hwechivanhu dzakadai sekuita zvakananga, makanzuru makuru, uye nzira dzekuita sarudzo dzakabvumiranwa kuratidza kusaenzana kwehupfumi uye maitiro ehurumende asina kururama.
Kutsoropodzwa uye Matambudziko eAnarchism
1. Utopia:
Imwe tsutsumo inowanzoitwa pamusoro pehutongi hwechivanhu ndeyekuti hunoshamisa uye hahuna musoro. Vatsoropodzi vanoti nzanga isina hurongwa hwekutonga inogona kupinda munyonganyonga. Mukupindura, vanotongesa chivanhu vanowanzotaura nezvemienzaniso yekare netsika dzemazuva ano dzinoratidza kuti nzanga dzinogona kuronga zvinobudirira pasina kudzorwa nehurumende.
2. Kurongeka uye Kurongeka:
Rimwe dambudziko rinoshanda nderekuti tingagadzirisa sei zvinhu uye kudyidzana munharaunda ine anarchist. Anarchist vanotarisa izvi nepfungwa dzekusabvisa masimba ehurumende pamwe nekubatana kwemasangano, uko sarudzo dzinoitwa munharaunda asi dzichibatanidzwa kuburikidza nezvibvumirano zvekuzvidira pakati penharaunda.
Mhedziso
Chisikwa cheAnarchism, kunyange hazvo chichiwanzonzwisiswa zvisina kujeka, chinopa ruzivo rwakadzama uye kutsoropodza masisitimu ezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu aripo. Nekusimbisa misimboti yerusununguko, kubatana, uye kuzvitonga kwemunhu, chisikwa cheAnarchism chinopikisa fungidziro huru pamusoro pesimba nehurumende. Mukati mepfungwa dzezvematongerwo enyika, chisikwa cheAnarchism chinosimbisa kukosha kwekubvunza chokwadi chesimba uye kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzakaenzana uye dzakasununguka. Pasinei nekutarisana nekutsoropodzwa nematambudziko akawanda, nhoroondo nemaitiro echisikwa cheAnarchism zvakaratidza kuti zvinokwanisika kufungidzira nekushandira nzanga yakasununguka uye yakarurama zvechokwadi.
