Te Ariā Harrod-Domar: He Arotake Hōhonu
Pendahuluan
Ko te tipu ōhanga te kaupapa matua mō te maha o ngā whenua o te ao, arā, ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua kua whanake. I roto i tēnei horopaki, ka tino whai tikanga ngā ariā ōhanga e whakamārama ana i te tipu me te whanaketanga o tētahi ōhanga. Ko tētahi ariā e hanga ana i te pūtake mō te ako i te tipu ōhanga ko te Ariā Harrod-Domar. Nā Tā Roy Harrod rāua ko Evsey Domar i whakauru mai i waenganui o te rautau 20, e tuku ana tēnei ariā i tētahi tirohanga mō ngā mea e whakatau ana i te tipu ōhanga , ahakoa he māmā noa iho, e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga nui mō ngā kaihanga kaupapa here ōhanga.
Latar Belakang
I te wā i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, he maha ngā whenua, inā koa i Ūropi, i roto i ngā raruraru ōhanga tino kino. I hiahiatia he pūtake ariā pakari hei ārahi i te whakaoranga me te whanaketanga ōhanga. Koinei te wāhi i puta ai te Ariā Harrod-Domar. Nā Harrod, he tohunga ōhanga Peretānia, rāua ko Domar, he tohunga ōhanga Amerikana, i whakawhanake takitahi i tētahi tauira e whakaahua ana i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te haumi, te penapena, me te tipu ōhanga.
Te Kaupapa o te Ariā Harrod-Domar
E ai ki te ariā a Harrod-Domar, ko te tipu ōhanga ka whakatauhia e te reiti penapena me te hua o te haumi. Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i tēnei tauira mā te tātai:
\[ G = \frac{S}{C} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te tere tipu ōhanga te \( G \).
– Ko te reiti penapena ko \( S \).
– Ko te \( C \) te ōwehenga whakapaipai-putanga, arā, te nui o te whakapaipai e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te kotahi waeine o te putanga.
Mai i tēnei tauira, ka kitea ka taea te whakatutuki i te tipu ōhanga pai mena he nui te reiti penapena, ā, he whai hua te whakamahinga o te whakapaipai. Arā, ko te nui ake o te moni whiwhi e penapenahia ana, e whakangaohia anōtia ana ki te ōhanga, ka tere ake te whakatutuki i te tipu ōhanga. I tetahi atu taha, ko te hekenga o te haumitanga, o te penapena rānei, ka arahi pea ki te puhoi o te tipu.
Ngā Whakaaro Taketake
E hangai ana te ariā Harrod-Domar ki ētahi whakapae taketake, tae atu ki:
1. Mākete Whakataetae Tino Pai: E whakaarohia ana kei roto te ōhanga i tētahi mākete whakataetae tino pai, kei reira ngā mōhiohio me ngā rauemi e wātea ana, e tohatoha ōrite ana hoki.
2. Te Whakamahinga Katoa o te Pūngao: E whakaaro ana ka whakamahia pai ngā āhuatanga whakaputa katoa.
3. Tauwehenga Pūtea Tuturu: Ko te nui o te pūtea pumau e hiahiatia ana hei whakaputa i te kotahi waeine o te putanga. Ko te tikanga, i roto i te wā poto, ka kiia te hangarau he taurangi pumau.
4. Penapena me te Hāumi: Ka whakahokia te tapeke o ngā penapena ki roto i te ōhanga.
Te Arotake i te Ariā Harrod-Domar
Ahakoa he tirohanga nui tēnei ariā ki te hononga i waenga i te haumitanga me te tipu ōhanga, he maha ngā whakahē kua ara ake mōna, pēnei i:
1. Māmā, ā, he Āhua Rōrua: E kī ana ētahi kairīti he tino māmā rawa tēnei tauira, ā, kāore e whai whakaaro ki te uaua o ngā āhuatanga ōhanga tūturu, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te huringa hangarau, ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga, me ngā āhuatanga pāpori-tōrangapū.
2. Ngā Whakaaro Pūmau: He maha ngā wā kāore i te tūturu ngā whakaaro kei raro i ēnei tauira. Hei tauira, ko te whakaaro kua whakangao katoatia ngā penapena katoa, ā, kāore he kore mahi ā-pūtea i te ao tūturu.
3. Tauwehenga Pūtea Tuturu: Kāore tēnei whakaaro e mau tonu i ngā wā katoa mō te wā roa nā te mea kei te whanake tonu te hangarau, ā, ka taea te whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga o te whakaputa.
4. Ngā Here i roto i ngā Whenua Whakawhanake: I te tīmatanga, kāore te tauira Harrod-Domar i whai whakaaro ki ngā raruraru hanganga e pā ana ki ngā whenua whakawhanake, pērā i te wātea o ngā rauemi, te koretake o ngā hanganga, me ngā wero ā-pūnaha.
Ngā Pānga Kaupapahere
Ahakoa ngā whakahē nui, e whai tikanga tonu ana te Ariā Harrod-Domar, inā koa i roto i te whakatakoto kaupapa here ōhanga taketake i roto i ngā whenua maha. Ko ētahi o ngā pānga kaupapa here ka taea te tango mai i tēnei ariā ko:
1. Te Whakatenatena i te Penapena: Mā ngā kaupapa here e whakatairanga ana i te penapena ā-rohe ka āwhina i te whakapiki i te taumata haumitanga, ā, ka tere ake te tipu o te ōhanga.
2. Te Whai Hua o te Hāumi: Me whakapai ake te whakamahinga o te pūtea. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te haumi ki ngā kaupapa e whakapiki ake ana i te hua mō te wā roa, pērā i te hanganga me te mātauranga.
3. Te Wātea o te Pūtea: Mō ngā whenua whakawhanake, mā te tautoko pūtea o tāwāhi i roto i te ahua o te haumi tika, ngā nama rānei, ka taea te whakakī i ngā āputa haumi ā-rohe. Heoi, me whakahaere tēnei me te whakaaro nui kia kore ai e nui rawa te nama.
4. Auahatanga me te Hangarau: Mā te whakatenatena i te auahatanga me te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau hou ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te tauwehenga whakapaipai, ā, ka piki ake te whai huatanga o te whakaputa me te tipu.
Whakamutunga
Ko te ariā Harrod-Domar he tūāpapa nui mō te mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te penapena, te haumi, me te tipu ōhanga. Ahakoa he herenga tō tēnei tauira, ā, kua maha ngā whakahē kua puta, kāore e taea te wareware i tōna hiranga, inā koa i roto i te horopaki o te whakamahere ōhanga me te kaupapa here whanaketanga. He whakamahara tēnei mō te hiranga o te haumi whai hua me te whakamahinga rauemi tino pai hei whakatairanga i te tipu ōhanga pumau . Mā ngā urutaunga me ngā whakarerekētanga e tika ana, ka taea tonu e ngā mātāpono taketake o tēnei ariā te ārahi i ngā kaupapa here ōhanga i tēnei wā hou.
