Hītori o ngā Mahi Tahi: Mai i ō rātou Tīmatanga ki tō rātou Whanaketanga i te Ao
He whakahaere pakihi te mahi tahi, nō ngā tāngata takitahi te mana, ā, e whakahaerehia ana hoki mō te pai o te katoa. Ko te kaupapa matua o te mahi tahi, he ōrite te mana pōti o ia mema, ahakoa te nui o te pūtea i kohaina, ā, mā reira ka whai wāhi ia mema ki te whakatau kaupapa. Hei mārama ki te whanaketanga o ngā mahi tahi ki tō rātou āhua o nāianei, he mea nui kia arotakehia tō rātou hītori, mai i tō rātou tīmatanga ki tō rātou tūranga i roto i te ōhanga o te ao.
Te Tīmatanga o ngā Mahi Tahi
I tīmata te hītori o ngā mahi tahi i Ūropi i te rautau 19, hei whakautu ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori me te ōhanga kino i puta mai i te Huringa Ahumahi. I taua wā, nā ngā huringa nui i roto i te ao ahumahi i hua ake ai te tukino i te tini o ngā kaimahi, ngā utu iti, me ngā āhuatanga mahi kino. Nā te hiahia mō ngā otinga ki ēnei raruraru i puta ai te ariā mahi tahi.
I te tau 1844 i Rochdale, Ingarangi, i whakatūria e tētahi rōpū kaimahi kakahu te Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, e mōhiotia ana ko ia te tūāpapa o ngā mahi tahi kaihoko hou. I whakatūria e tēnei rōpū ngā mātāpono taketake o ngā mahi tahi, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā "Mātāpono Rochdale," kua noho hei pūtake mō ngā mahi tahi puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki te mema tūao me te mema tuwhera, te kāwanatanga manapori, me te whai wāhi ōhanga a ngā mema.
I tīmata a Rochdale Pioneers mā te whakatuwhera i tētahi toa e hoko ana i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e ia rā i ngā utu e taea ai te utu, me te tohatoha i ngā hua ki ōna mema i runga i ā rātou tauhokohoko. I tere te tipu o tēnei pakihi, ā, i aruhia e te tini o ngā rōpū huri noa i te ao.
Te Whanaketanga o ngā Mahi Tahi i Ūropi
Kāore i te herea noa ki Ingarangi te whanaketanga o ngā mahi tahi i Ūropi. He wāhi nui anō hoki tā Wīwī me Tiamana i roto i te whānui haere o te kaupapa mahi tahi. I Wīwī, i waenganui o te rautau 19, ko Charles Fourier rāua ko Philippe Buchez ngā tino tangata i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā whakahaere mahi tahi. Nā Fourier, he tohunga whakaaro pāpori, i whakatairanga te whakaaro o ngā "phalanges," arā, ngā hapori whakaputa tahi i whakaoho ā-korekore i te hanganga o ngā mahi tahi.
I taua wā anō, i Tiamana, i whakawhanakehia e Friedrich Wilhelm Raiffeisen ngā mahi tahi penapena me te nama i ngā tau 1860. I whakatūria e ia ngā uniana nama mō ngā kaimahi pāmu iti i uaua ki te whiwhi pūtea mai i ngā peeke nui. I whakanuia e te ariā a Raiffeisen te mātāpono o te kawenga tiritahi, ā, e whakaponohia ana koinei te tūāpapa o te pūnaha nama iti e rongonui ana i ngā whenua whakawhanake.
Te horapa o ngā mahi tahi puta noa i te ao
I te mutunga o te rautau 19 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 20, ka tīmata te horapa o te kaupapa mahi tahi puta noa i te ao, tae atu ki Amerika Te Raki, Ahitereiria, me Āhia. I te Hononga o Amerika, ka rongonui ngā mahi tahi ahuwhenua, ā, ka āwhina i ngā kaimahi pāmu ki te whakanui ake i tō rātou mana whiriwhiri i te mākete.
Kua tino tipu haere te kaupapa mahi tahi i Āhia. I Hapani, i tīmata te whanaketanga kaha o te pūnaha mahi tahi i muri i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, me te arotahi ki ngā mahi tahi kaihoko me te ahuwhenua. I Īnia, he wāhanga nui ngā mahi tahi nama me te ahuwhenua o te ōhanga taiwhenua mai i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20.
I Initonīhia, i tīmata te kaupapa mahi tahi i te wā o te koroni o Hōrana, inā koa i te tau 1896, i te wā i whakatūria ai e te Pirimia a R. Aria Wirjaatmadja tētahi mahi tahi penapena me te nama. Heoi, i tere te whanaketanga o ngā mahi tahi hou i Initonīhia i muri i te mana motuhake, i raro i te mana o Bung Hatta, e mōhiotia ana ko te Matua o ngā Mahi Tahi Initonīhia. I tino whakapono a Hatta ko ngā mahi tahi te pou tokomanawa o te ōhanga o te iwi, ka taea te whakapai ake i te oranga pāpori me te oranga ōhanga o te hapori.
Ngā Mahi Tahi i te Wā Hou
I te taenga mai ki tēnei ao hou, kei te urutau tonu ngā mahi tahi ki ngā huringa o te wā. Ko tētahi tauira o tēnei urutaunga ko te whakamahinga o ngā hangarau mōhiohio me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i roto i ngā mahi tahi. Mā te hangarau, kāore ngā mahi tahi e herea noa ki te whakahaere ā-ringa engari ka whakamahia hoki ngā tūāpapa matihiko mō ngā tauwhitinga me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā mema. Mā tēnei ka nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā mahi tahi, ā, ka taea hoki te whakataetae ki ētahi atu hinonga pakihi.
Kua whakawhānui ake hoki ngā mahi tahi a ngā rōpū mahi tahi i ā rātou rāngai pakihi. Haunga ngā mahi tahi a ngā kaihoko me ngā mahi tahi nama, kei reira inaianei ngā mahi tahi a ngā kaihanga, ngā mahi tahi a ngā kaimahi, me ngā mahi tahi a ngā ratonga e whakatutuki ana i ngā hiahia o ō rātou mema. Kua whānui ake ētahi o ngā mahi tahi ki ngā ahumahi nui, pērā i ngā mahi tahi hiko i te Hononga o Amerika, e whakarato ana i te hiko ki ngā wāhi tuawhenua kāore i taea te utu i mua.
Mā ngā rōpū o te ao pēnei i te International Co-operative Alliance (ICA) ka āwhina i te mahi tahi me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i ngā rōpū mahi tahi o te ao katoa. Mā tēnei ka kaha ake te tūranga o ngā rōpū mahi tahi hei huarahi tika ake, pumau ake hoki ki te pūnaha ōhanga o te ao.
Ngā Wero me te Anamata o ngā Mahi Tahi
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o ngā mahi tahi, he nui anō ngā wero e pā ana ki a rātou i roto i tētahi ōhanga ao hihiri. Ko te kaha ki te whakawhanake me te whakataetae ki ngā kamupene nunui ngā wero matua. He iti noa te pūtea me ngā rauemi tangata e pā ana ki te maha o ngā mahi tahi , ā, e whakawhāiti ana i tō rātou tipu.
Heoi anō, he nui te kaha o te kaupapa mahi tahi ki te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ōhanga o ēnei rā. I te mea e tipu haere ana te mōhiotanga ki te hiranga o tētahi ōhanga whānui, pumau hoki, ko ngā mātāpono mahi tahi e aro ana ki te tika pāpori me te ōhanga he otinga pea hei whakatutuki i te oranga whānui o te hapori.
I ngā rā kei te heke mai, e tumanakohia ana kia whakauru atu ngā mahi tahi i te hangarau ki roto i ā rātou mahi, kia whānui ake ngā hononga mahi, ā, kia whakapakari tonu i ngā āheinga o ō rātou mema mā te mātauranga me te whakangungu . Mā tēnei, e kore e ora noa ngā mahi tahi engari ka tupu tonu hei hinonga pakihi pono i te aro atu ki ngā wero uaua haere o te ōhanga o te ao .
Nō reira, kua homai e te hītori roa o ngā mahi tahi he maha ngā akoranga me ngā whakaaweawe mō te whakahaere ōhanga tahi. Ahakoa ngā wero maha kei mua, kei te noho tonu ngā mahi tahi hei tohu mō te mahi tahi me te kotahitanga ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga ōhanga me te pāpori pai ake .
