Te Whakamāramatanga o te Whakahaere
Ko te whakahaere he tukanga whakamahere, whakarite, ārahi, me te whakahaere rauemi hei whakatutuki i ngā whāinga motuhake me te whai hua. Hei kaupapa, ko te whakahaere e kapi ana i ngā mātāpono, ngā ariā, me ngā mahi e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga o te whakahaere rauemi whakahaere me te tangata. Ko te whakahaere te toi o te whakaoti i ngā mea mā roto i ētahi atu.
I ahu mai te kupu 'whakahaere' i te kupu Latina 'manus', ko tōna tikanga he ringa, me te 'agere', ko tōna tikanga he mahi. I roto i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, i whanake te ariā o te whakahaere i te putanga mai o ngā whakahaere nunui, matatini hoki i roto i ngā momo rāngai pērā i te kāwanatanga, te ope taua, me te pakihi. I roto i te horopaki hou, e kapi ana te whakahaere i ngā momo wāhanga motuhake e aro ana ki te whakahaere i ngā tāngata, ngā tukanga, ngā mōhiohio, me ngā rauemi pūtea.
Ngā Wāhanga o te Whakahaere
Ka taea te wehewehe i te tukanga whakahaere ki ētahi wāhanga matua, ā, he mea nui ia wāhanga ki te whakarite kia maeneene te whakahaere o tētahi whakahaere. Ko ngā wāhanga matua o te whakahaere e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whakamahere:
Ko te whakamahere te taahiraa tuatahi o te tukanga whakahaere. I tēnei wāhanga, ka whakatauhia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ngā whāinga a te whakahaere, ā, ka whakawhanakehia ngā rautaki hei whakatutuki i aua whāinga. Ko te whakamahere he tātari i te āhuatanga o nāianei, te whakatū i ngā whāinga ā meake nei, me te whakawhanake i tētahi huarahi mahi e tika ana hei whakatutuki i aua whāinga. Mā te whakamahere pai ka taea e te whakahaere te urupare ki ngā huringa taiao me te whakamahi pai i ngā whai wāhitanga.
2. Te whakarite:
I muri i te whakamahere, ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei ko te whakarite. Ko te whakarite he whakarite i ngā rauemi me ngā mahi i roto i te huarahi e whakapai ake ai te whai huatanga me te whai huatangaKei roto i tēnei ko te tautuhi i te hanganga whakahaere, te wehewehenga o ngā mahi me ngā kawenga, me te tohatoha rauemiMā te hanganga whakahaere pai ka taea te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te mahi tahi whai hua i waenga i ngā mema o te tīma.
3. Te ārahi:
Ko te whakahaere he mahi whakahaere e aro ana ki te whakatenatena me te ārahi i ngā kaimahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga whakahaereKei roto i tēnei ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te whakatau kaupapa, te kaiārahi, me otinga ngā raruraru. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere whai hua te whakahihiko me te whakatenatena i ā rātou tīma, te waihanga i tētahi taiao mahi pai, me te whakarite kia mārama ngā mema katoa o te tīma ki tā rātou mahi ki te whakatutuki i ngā whāinga o te whakahaere.
4. Te Whakahaere:
Ko te whakahaere te tukanga hei whakarite kia tutuki ngā whāinga o te whakahaere. Ka aroturukihia, ka aromatawaihia hoki e ngā kaiwhakahaere te mahi mā te whakatairite ki ngā paerewa kua whakatūria. Mena ka kitea he rerekētanga, me mahi ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi whakatika hei whakahoki i te ara o te whakahaere ki te whakatutukitanga o te whāinga. Ka āwhina hoki te whakahaere i te aromatawai i te rite o te whakahaere ki te aro atu ki ngā wero me ngā huringa ā meake nei.
Ngā momo Kaiwhakahaere
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā kaiwhakahaere i roto i tētahi whakahaere i runga i tō rātou taumata i roto i te hanganga whakahaere me ngā mahi e whakahaerehia ana e rātou. Anei ētahi momo kaiwhakahaere noa i roto i tētahi whakahaere:
1. Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Taumata-Runga:
Ko ēnei kaiwhakahaere te hunga e noho ana i te tihi o te hanganga whakahaere, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te whakatakoto i ngā huarahi rautaki me ngā whāinga roa. Ko te nuinga o te wā kei roto ko te Tumu Whakahaere Matua, te perehitini, ētahi atu kaiwhakahaere matua rānei. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere taumata teitei e whakatau ana i ngā whakataunga rautaki e pā ana ki te whakahaere katoa.
2. Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Taumata-Waenga:
He hononga ēnei kaiwhakahaere i waenga i ngā kaiwhakahaere taumata-runga me ngā kaiwhakahaere rārangi-tuatahi. ngā kaupapa here whakatinana i whakatūria e ngā kaiwhakahaere taumata-runga, ā, e tirotiro ana i ngā mahi o ia rā a ngā kaiwhakahaere rārangi-tuatahi. Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere taumata-waenga hoki te kawenga mō te whakarite i ngā mahi puta noa i ngā tari.
3. Ngā Kaiwhakahaere Taumata Tuatahi:
Ka taunekeneke tika ēnei kaiwhakahaere ki ngā kaimahi whakahaere, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō ngā mahi o ia rā. Ka tirotirohia e rātou ngā mahi a ngā kaimahi, ka hoatu tohutohu, ā, ka whakarite kia oti pai ngā mahi taketake. He mahi nui tā ngā kaiwhakahaere raina tuatahi ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tika ki ngā kaimahi me te pupuri i te wairua me te tikanga mahi.
Ariā Whakahaere
Kua tino whanake te whakahaere hei kaupapa, nā te whanaketanga o ngā ariā maha e ngana ana ki te whakamārama me te whakapai ake i ngā mahi whakahaere. Ko ētahi o ngā ariā whakahaere rongonui ko:
1. Te Ariā Whakahaere Pūtaiao:
I raro i te kaupapa matua a Frederick W. Taylor, ko te arotahi o tēnei ariā ko te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te mahi mā te tātari me te whakataurite i ngā tukanga mahi. Nā Taylor i whakauru te ariā o te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kaimahi me ngā kaiwhakahaere hei whakapiki i te hua.
2. Ariā Whakahaere:
Nā Henri Fayol tēnei ariā i whakawhanake mā te whakanui i te hiranga o ngā mahi whakahaere i roto i te whakahaere. Tekau mā whā ngā mātāpono whakahaere i whakaurua e Fayol, e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te wehewehe mahi, te mana, me te whakahaere.
3. Ariā Whanoke:
E whakanui ana tēnei ariā i te hiranga o te taha tangata o te whakahaere. Me te arotahi ki te hihiri, te kaiārahi, me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e titiro ana te ariā whanonga ki ngā whakahaere he pūnaha pāpori uaua. E kī ana tēnei huarahi mā te mārama ki ngā hiahia me ngā whanonga tangata ka taea te whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te whakahaere.
4. Ariā Pūnaha:
E titiro ana tēnei ariā ki ngā whakahaere he pūnaha e titoa ana e ngā wāhanga e hono tahi ana. E kī ana te tirohanga pūnaha me mārama te hunga whakahaere ki ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā momo huānga o te whakahaere me tōna taiao o waho.
5. Ariā Āhuatanga Tūpono:
E kī ana tēnei ariā kāore he huarahi whakahaere e tino whānui ana. Ko te angitu o te whakahaere e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā āhuatanga me ngā tikanga motuhake e pā ana ki tētahi whakahaere. Nō reira, me ngāwari, me urutau hoki ngā kaiwhakahaere i roto i ā rātou huarahi.
Te Hiranga o te Whakahaere i roto i ngā Whakahaere
He mea nui te tūranga o te whakahaere i roto i te angitu o ngā whakahaere, ahakoa iti, ahakoa nunui. Mā te whakarite kia whakamahia pai ngā rauemi, ka tautoko te whakahaere i te whakatutukitanga o ngā whāinga pakihi, ā, ka waihanga uara hoki mō ngā kaipupuri hea . Hei tāpiri, ka taea e te whakahaere whai hua te whakarei ake i te pai o ngā kaimahi, te whakapiki i te hua, me te whakahaere i te auahatanga.
I tēnei ao hurihuri me te wero o ēnei rā, he taonga nui ngā pūkenga whakahaere pakari. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere matatau te ārahi i ngā whakahaere i roto i ngā huringa, te pupuri i te whakataetae, me te whakamahi i ngā whai wāhitanga mākete.
Hei whakamutunga, he mea nui te whakahaere i roto i te ao pakihi me ngā whakahaere. Mā te mārama ki ngā mātāpono me ngā mahi whakahaere, ka taea e ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā whakahaere te whakarite kia pai ake te tū atu ki ngā wero me te whakatutuki i te angitu pumau.
