Ngā Momo Pūmua: He Kanorau o ngā Rauemi e Hurihuri Ana i te Ao
Ko ngā pūmua he matū i hangaia mai i ngā ngota nui i hangaia mā te whakarerekē i ngā ngota iti ake e kiia nei ko ngā monomera. He maha ngā āhua o ngā pūmua, ā, he whānuitia hoki ō rātou āhuatanga, ā, he tino maha ngā whakamahinga o ēnei rauemi. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā momo pūmua tino noa, me pēhea tā rātou mahi, me ō rātou whakamahinga i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Ngā Pūmua Taiao me ngā Pūmua Hanga
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā pūmua: ngā pūmua tūturu me ngā pūmua hangai. Ko ngā pūmua tūturu ko ērā e kitea ana i te taiao, ko ngā pūmua hangai ia ko ērā e puta mai ana i ngā tukanga matū i roto i ngā taiwhanga, i ngā wheketere rānei.
Ngā Pūmua Taiao
Kei roto i ngā rauemi rauropi maha ngā pūmua tūturu kua whakamahia e te tangata mō ngā mano tau. Ko ētahi tauira nui o ngā pūmua tūturu ko:
1. Cellulose: Ko tēnei pūmua e kitea ana i roto i ngā pakitara pūtau tipu te matū tino nui o te Ao. Ka whakamahia te cellulose hei hanga pepa, kātene, me ētahi kakahu.
2. Keratin: Kei roto i ngā huruhuru kararehe, ngā maikuku, me ngā haona tēnei pūmua pūmua. Nā ōna āhuatanga mārō me te pakari, he mea nui te keratin hei wāhanga hanganga.
3. Rapa Taiao: I ahu mai i te wai o te rākau rapa (Hevea brasiliensis), he tino ngāwari te rapa taiao, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo mahi tae atu ki ngā potae me ngā taputapu hauora.
4. Ngā Waikawa Karihi (DNA me te RNA): Ngā pūmua e penapena ana i ngā mōhiohio ira i roto i ngā pūtau o ngā mea ora. He mea tito mai i ngā karihi e hanga ana i ngā mekameka roa o ngā ngota.
Ngā Pūmua Hanga
Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua noho ngā pūmua hangai hei wāhanga nui o te ao hou. Ko ētahi momo pūmua hangai e kitea whānuitia ana ko:
1. Polyethylene (PE): Ko tētahi o ngā pūmua e tino whānuitia ana te hanga i te ao. E whakamahia ana hei hanga putea kirihou, pounamu, me te maha atu o ngā hua o ia rā.
2. Polypropylene (PP): He kaha, he ātete hoki ki ngā matū. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo mahi pēnei i ngā ipu kai, ngā taonga takaro, me ngā taputapu whare.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Ka whakamahia tēnei polymer hei hanga paipa, taura hiko, me ētahi atu rauemi hanga. Nā tōna ātete ki te wai me te ahi, he mea tino rongonui i roto i ngā ahumahi.
4. Polystyrene (PS): Whakamahia ai i roto i te hanga takai kai, taputapu whare, me ētahi atu hua o ia rā.
5. Polyamide (Nailona): E mōhiotia ana mō tōna kaha me tōna ātete ki te karawarawa. I whakamahia tuatahitia te nailona hei whakakapi mō te hiraka i roto i ngā parakaiti, ā, i muri mai i roto i ngā kākahu me ngā momo mahi ahumahi.
Ngā Pūmua Hanganga Termoplastic me te Hanganga Termoplastic
Haunga tō rātou whakarōpūtanga taketake, ka taea hoki te wehewehe i ngā pūmua mā te āhua o tā rātou tauhohenga ki te wera. E rua ngā momo matua: ngā kirihou wera me ngā huinga wera.
Thermoplastic
Ka rewa ngā pūmua kirihou wera ina werahia, ā, ka whakapakeke anō ina whakamataohia. Mā tēnei āhuatanga ka māmā ake te hangarua. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā pūmua kirihou wera ko:
1. Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS): Whakamahia i roto i te hanga taonga takaro, wāhanga motuka, me ngā taputapu kīhini. E mōhiotia ana tēnei rauemi mō tōna kaha me tōna pumau.
2. Polycarbonate (PC): Whakamahia hei hanga karaihe mō ngā karu, CD, me ngā wāhanga hiko. He tino mārama te polycarbonate, ā, he ātete ki te pānga.
Whakamahana
Kāore e taea te whakarewa anō i ngā pūmua whakamahana i muri i te whakamahanatanga me te whakapakeketanga tuatahi. He hanganga tino kaha, he pakari hoki tō rātou. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā pūmua whakamahana ko:
1. Bakelite: Ko tētahi o ngā pūmua whakatakoto wera tuatahi i whakawhanakehia. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā wāhanga hiko, ngā pana, me ngā pupuri ipu nā te mea he pai rawa atu ōna āhuatanga ārai hiko.
2. Epoxy: Whakamahia i roto i ngā piripiri kaha, ngā paninga tiaki, me ngā rauemi hiato. E mōhiotia ana te epoxy mō tōna ātete ki ngā matū, te wera, me te kaha o te piripiri.
Ngā Pūmua Hangarau
He pai rawa ngā pūmua hangarau ki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ā-wera, ā-matū hoki. E whakamahia ana ēnei i roto i ngā mahi e hiahia ana kia roa ake te mau me te pumau. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā pūmua hangarau ko:
1. Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK): He ātete teitei tēnei polymer ki te pāmahana me te ātete matū tino pai. Kei roto i ōna whakamahinga ngā wāhanga rererangi, ngā taputapu hauora, me ngā tono motuka.
2. Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS): E mōhiotia ana te PPS mō tōna ātete pai ki ngā matū me ngā miihini, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ahumahi motuka, hikohiko, me ngā taputapu whare.
elastomer
He momo pūmua ngā elastomer he tino ngāwari, e āhei ai te whakarerekētanga nui me te kore e pakaru, e pakaru rānei. Ka taea e ngā elastomer te hoki ki tō rātou āhua taketake i muri i te totoro, te piko rānei. Ko ētahi tauira o ngā elastomer ko:
1. Rapa Hanga: Pērā i te rapa nitrile me te rapa silicone, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi motuka, hauora, me ngā mahi ahumahi nā te mea he ātete ki te hinu, te pāmahana, me ngā matū.
2. Polyurethane (PU): Whakamahia i roto i ngā pahuka, ngā piripiri, me ngā paninga. He pai te ātete o te polyurethane ki te kakahu me te whakarerekētanga.
Ngā Hikoi Pūmua
Ko ngā rauemi whakakotahi polima he mea hanga mā te whakakotahi i ngā polima me ngā muka rerekē, ngā matūriki rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā āhuatanga rauemi pai rawa atu. Ko ngā tauira o ngā rauemi whakakotahi polima ko:
1. Muka Waro: E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi rererangi, ngā mahi motuka, me ngā mahi hākinakina nā te mea he kaha, he māmā hoki.
2. Karāhe muka: Whakamahia ai mō te hanga poti, ngā wāhanga motuka, me ngā hua o te whare.
Pūmua Arataki
Ko ngā pūmua kawe hiko he pūmua e kaha ana ki te kawe hiko. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mahi hiko me ngā mahi pūoko. Ko ngā tauira o ngā pūmua kawe hiko ko:
1. Polypyrrole: Whakamahia i roto i ngā tono pūoko me ngā rauemi rokiroki pūngao.
2. Polyaniline: He mea whai hua mō ngā pūihi, ngā mata pā, me ngā wāhanga hiko ngāwari.
Whakamutunga
He rauemi nui ngā pūmua i roto i ō tātou oranga hou. E whakamahia ana ēnei i roto i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga o ō tātou oranga, mai i te kākahu me te kai ki ngā rongoā, tae atu ki ngā wāhanga hangarau matatau. Mā te mārama pai ki ngā momo pūmua me ō rātou whakamahinga, ka taea e tātou te mārama ki te hiranga o ēnei rauemi ki te hanga i te ao hou. Kei te haere tonu te auahatanga i roto i te mara pūmua, e oati ana ki ngā kitenga hou o ngā rauemi kaha ake, māmā ake, me te pai ake ki te taiao i te heke mai.
