I roto i te tuhinga mō iahiko kua kōrerohia i roto i te hui mō te au hiko, me mara hiko Kua whakamāramahia i roto i te tuhinga mō ngā mara hiko. Kei roto i te kaiārahi ngā mara hiko me ngā iahiko hiko mēnā he rerekētanga pūmanawa i runga i te kaiārahi hiko, i tetahi atu taha, ki te kore he rerekētanga pūmanawa, kāti kāore he papa hiko, he iahiko rānei.
I roto i tētahi kaiārahi whakarewa, he rite tonu te āpure hiko ki te kiato o te iahiko, ina he pumau te ōwehenga o te āpure hiko ki te kiato o te iahiko. Ka kiia te ōwehenga o te āpure hiko ki te kiato o te iahiko momo ātete, momo ātete rānei. Mā te pāngarau, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te papa hiko, te kiato o ia au me te ātete e whakaatuhia ana i roto i te whārite:
Whakaahuatanga: ρ = ātete motuhake, E = papa hiko, J = kiato iahiko
Ko tētahi o ngā tātai o te mara hiko ko E = V/s, ko V = te rerekētanga pūmanawa hiko = te ngaohiko hiko, ā, ko s = te tawhiti, nō reira ko te waeine o te mara hiko ko Volt/mita (V/m). Ko te tātai kiato iahiko ko J = I/A, ko I = te iahiko hiko, ā, ko A = te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te kaiārahi, nō reira ko te waeine o te kiato iahiko ko Ampere/mita tapawhā (A/m).2). Tātai ātete ko ρ = E/J, nō reira ko te waeine o te ātete motuhake ko V/m: A/m2 = V/m x m2/A = V/A (m) = Ω m (pānuihia: mita Ōhm). Ko Ω = Volt/Ampere he waeine mō te ātete hiko, kua whakamāramahia tēnei waeine i roto i te tuhinga mō Te ture a Ohm.
Kaute ātete ko te uara nui rawa kei ngā ārai hiko, kei ngā kaiārahi hiko ngoikore rānei, ko te uara ia ātete Ko te mea iti rawa kei te pupuri i tētahi kaiārahi hiko pai, i tētahi kaiārahi hiko rānei. Ko te pai ake o te kaiārahi i te iahiko hiko, ko te iti ake anō hoki ātete te kaiārahi. Ko te raupapa o ngā kaiārahi whakarewa kei a ia ātete Mai i te mea nui rawa ki te mea iti rawa ko te tine, te maitai, te konumohe, te koura, te parahi, te hiriwa. Nō reira, ka taea te whakatau ko te uara ātete e kī ana te mea i te rahi o te kaha o taua mea ki te aukati i te iahiko hiko.
He pai te arataki hiko e whai ana i te ture a Ohm, i tētahi pāmahana, kāore tōna uara ātete e pā ki te papa hiko, arā, ki te rerekē te rahi o te papa hiko, kāore te uara ātete e rerekē. I tētahi atu taha, ko te arataki hiko kāore e whai i te ture a Ohm, ka whakawhirinaki tōna uara ātete ki te papa hiko, arā, ki te rerekē te rahi o te papa hiko, ka rerekē anō hoki te uara ātete.
Ko te ātete o te kaiārahi whakarewa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pāmahana. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka piki ake te ātete; i te ritenga kē, i te hekenga o te pāmahana, ka heke te ātete. I te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka tere ake te neke o ngā ngota, ka pōrearea ake, ka ārai i te nekehanga o ngā irahiko, ka whakaroa i tō rātou rere. I te hekenga o te pāmahana, ka pōturi ake te neke o ngā ngota, ka pai ake te whakaritenga, ka pai ake te rere o te irahiko.
Ko te whakahurihanga o te ātete ko te kawe hiko. Mā te pāngarau, ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ātete me te kawe hiko e whakaatuhia ana e te whārite:
σ = 1/ρ
Whakaahuatanga: σ = te kawe hiko o te arataki, ρ = te ātete o te arataki.
Ko te waeine o te ātete ko Ωm, nō reira ko te waeine o te kawe hiko ko 1/Ωm = (Ωm)-1
Ko ngā kaiārahi hiko, ngā kaiārahi hiko pai rānei, ngā uara kawe hiko teitei rawa, ko ngā uara kawe hiko iti rawa ia, ko ngā kaiārahi hiko ngoikore, ngā kaiārahi hiko ngoikore rānei. Ko te pai ake o te kawe hiko a te kaiārahi, ko te nui ake o tōna kawe hiko. Ko te raupapa o ngā kaiārahi konganuku me te kawe hiko teitei ki te iti rawa ko te hiriwa, te parahi, te koura, te konumohe, te maitai, te tine. Nō reira, ka taea te whakatau ko te uara kawe hiko o tētahi mea e tohu ana i te ine o te kaha o te mea ki te kawe i te hiko. He nui te kawe hiko o te hiriwa engari he utu nui, nō reira he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te parahi hei kaiārahi o te hiko.
